tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-59791517476631638692024-03-04T20:28:38.509-08:00Encyclopedia of GoddessesAn Encyclopedia of Goddess from across Cultures, and Civilizations by Jai Krishna PonnappanJai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comBlogger429125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5979151747663163869.post-34296205917003464842022-11-19T06:34:00.002-08:002022-11-19T06:34:08.086-08:00Goddesses Of Abstract Qualities<p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Where abstract qualities are associated with goddesses, the goddess might appear as the embodiment of the quality, or she may be envisioned as bestowing it upon favored humans. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Beauty, love, wisdom, and justice are commonly associated with goddesses, as is the control of fate or destiny. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some of these qualities are associated with an essen tialist ‘‘femininity, while others are more typically associated with ‘‘masculinity. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In the realm of goddesses, expectations of the social roles typically occupied by women do not always hold true. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Even within a culture, goddesses defy gender stereotypes, as with war goddesses found in imperial patriarchies like Rome (see Bellona). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Beauty is the quality most commonly associated with goddesses. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The beauty of some goddesses reflects their status as divinities of earth and represents the idea of natures loveliness. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">One such is the Tantric Bhuvanesvarı (see India), described as so beautiful that the god Shiva made himself a third eye, the better to enjoy her. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">At other times, beauty is connected with sovereignty. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Queenly figures are flatteringly described as beautiful. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Thus the Queen of Sheba, Bilqis (see Eastern Mediterranean) was described as possessing great beauty, although she was also said to have had the legs of a goat. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Hera, Greek goddess of womens power, was renowned for her beauty, as was the Irish warrior queen Medb (see Celtic), who represented sovereignty over the land as well as womens sexuality. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Celtic goddess who appeared variously as Grainne, Iseult, and Gueneviere embodied the lands need for a vigorous king, with the ‘‘love triangle of their stories describing the replacement of an aging ruler with a younger one. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Not surprisingly, beauty is often (although not invariably) connected with love. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Such love could be generic, as with Greek Aphrodite or African Oshun, whose power infused the world of animals as well as humans. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Other goddesses embody divine love, such as Indian Parvatı whose beauty was reserved for her consort Shiva. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Finally, a goddesss desire could be directed only toward humans, as with Celtic Niamh, who sought lovers among human men, or the group of Indian spirits called Yaks˛ı who have sex with human men before eating them. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">More positively, Lakota Whope (see North America) formed the pattern of beauty after which human women were designed, so that they might attract vigorous mates. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Love goddesses are not always benevolent. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Many narratives emphasize betrayal and heartbreak (Celtic Bloduewedd and Deirdre, Hebrew Naamah, Greek Sirens). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Although a beautiful goddess can be heartless, loyal lovers such as Indian Radha and Hebrew Sarah are found in mythology alongside destructive seducers like the Celtic Leanann Sidhe and Hebrew Lilith. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Additionally, some myths warn of the difficulties that beauty can bring, as with Hindu Manasa (see India), whose beauty attracted the god Shiva, leading to her mutilation at his wifes hands. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Unlike beauty, wisdom is not today necessarily connected with the archetypal femi nine. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">But in many cultures, goddesses were associated with this quality, which refers to a right ordering of society that aligns it with natural law. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Thus Greek Athena and Metis, Roman Egeria and Providentia, and Hebrew Hokmah all connected the human world with nature through wise counsel. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In some cases, as with Scandinavian Voluspa and Greek Python, wisdom was conveyed through oracular practices inspired by an all-seeing earth goddess. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Roman Egeria pronounced the first laws of the city-state while in an oracular trance. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Ireland (see Celtic), goddesses of wisdom such as Boand gained knowledge through eating nuts that fall from a magical tree that con nects underworld, middle earth, and sky; thus their wisdom encompassed the universe. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In most of these Irish narratives, the woman was specifically forbidden from seeking wisdom, but her decision to break that prohibition results in world-creating acts. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goddesses of justice, often pictured as mature or even elderly women, control the orderly structure of society. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Thus Greek Themis, on whom oaths were sworn, repre sented the just underpinnings of civilization. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Similarly, Hebrew Torah represented ‘‘the law that controlled and defined appropriate human behavior. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The domain of Egyptian Maat (see Africa) extended beyond death, for she judged the souls right eousness. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Iroquois heroine Genetaska (see North America) brought justice and peace to her people. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some goddesses of justice were also goddesses of vengeance, demanding retribution for wrongdoing, as did Greek Erinyes and Nemesis. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goddesses also represent scholarship and learning. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Because most societies have been oral rather than literate, such goddesses were associated with the transmission of wisdom through speech and stories (Scandinavian Saga and Edda, Indian Vac). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The connection between memory, including historical memory, and the creation of art was emphasized in the Greek belief that Mnemosyne, goddess of memory, was mother to the Musae, goddesses of art. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goddesses like the Eastern Mediterranean Nisaba represented both the act of writing and the priestesses who employed it. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Finally, one of the most common powers ascribed to goddesses is control over destiny. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Individual fate goddesses are connected with midwifery. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Such divinities as Baltic Laime˙, Egyptian Hathor, Slavic Dolya and Orisnitsi, and Finno-Ugric Madder-Akka appeared at a childs birth and predict its future life. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Fate goddesses could be ancestral spirits (see Scandinavian Dıs) because heredity is one determinant of fate. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Fate goddesses measured a persons life, like Hittite Wurusemu (see Eastern Mediterranean) or Greek Lachesis (see Moirae). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Other fate goddesses, like the Roman Camenae and Carmenta who lived in springs, were associated with especially hal lowed places. </span></p><div><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html">~ Kiran Atma</a></b></span></p><p><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/p/goddess-symbolism.html"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>You can learn more about Goddess Symbolism here.</b></span></a></p><p><br /></p></div>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5979151747663163869.post-87046362960444157872022-11-19T06:34:00.001-08:002022-11-19T06:34:06.331-08:00Goddesses Of Fish And Insects<p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Those who live by fishing often honor a goddess who controls the sea life, such as the important Eskimo goddess Sedna (see Circumpolar), Celtic Nehalennia, or Finno-Ugric Avfruvva. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In South America, Mama Cocha was the ‘‘mother of whales because she brought the massive mammals close to hunters. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Polynesian Lorop (see Pacific Islands) lived under the earth, sending up food for her children in the form of fish. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In other cases, the goddess was seen not as controlling the sea creatures but as one of them, as with Celtic Lı Ban, transformed into a salmon, and Eastern Mediterranean Atargatis, who swam in the pool of her temple as a trout. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In India, the group of spirits called the D akinıs took on fish shapes to attend upon the goddess of death, Kalı. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Africa, the heroine Chichinguane joined the fish people because her human kin were unkind to her. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Among insects, the industrious bee and the crafty spider are common goddess images. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Bees, whose hives are centered on a queen and whose female workers produce honey, appear as companions of goddesses associated with social life. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Lithuanian Aus t ˙eja was celebrated in an annual holiday dedicated to bees. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Artemis of Ephesus, goddess of the warrior Amazons (see Greece), was depicted surrounded by bees; her priestesses were called Melissae, also a name used of bee Nymphs. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Irish Gobnait (see Celtic) lived among bees that warned her of approaching danger. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Spiders, with their ability to weave intricately architectural webs from their own bodies, appear as creatrix figures in several cultures. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Hopi Kokyangwuti created human beings; Cherokee Kanene Ski Amai Yehi brought the sun to earth. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Greek Athena was connected to spiders because she made the first one from an insultingly competitive human girl, Arachne. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Finally, both butterflies (see Psyche, see Greece; Ix Chel, see Mesoamerica) and scorpions (South American Ituana, Egyptian Selkhet) appear as goddess images. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html">~ Kiran Atma</a></b></span></p><p><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/p/goddess-symbolism.html"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>You can learn more about Goddess Symbolism here.</b></span></a></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><div><br /></div>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5979151747663163869.post-18253122840630171952022-11-19T06:34:00.000-08:002022-11-19T06:34:05.881-08:00Goddesses Of Reptiles, Birds, And Amphibians<p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Like animals, reptiles and birds appear frequently as images of feminine divinity. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">While these creatures might seem opposites, many early statues show them united, as we find in the unnamed bird-headed snake goddesses of central Europe, whose image may represent the cosmic reach of a goddess who ruled both earth and sky. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The imagery survives into historical times as the Greek Gorgons, winged snake haired sisters of the goddess Medusa. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Snake goddesses often represent rebirth or renewal, for as the snake sheds its skin, so the soul is reborn into another life. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Egyptian Mafdet and Mertseger were con nected with both burial and the promise of an afterlife. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In India, black-faced Kalı, ruler of death and transformation, is bedecked in writhing snakes. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Other Indian goddesses associated with snakes include Manasa, who guards against snakebite and brings prosperity, and the snake-women called Naginıs, associated with water and the mon soon season. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This connection of snakes with water is also found in Australia, where the rainbow serpent Julunggul (see also Kunapipi) lived in deep pools, from which she stirred herself at times of creation and of initiation ceremonies. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Snakes could appear maternal, for snakes protected stored grain from encroaching vermin and thus preserved the familys health. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Lithuanian Aspelenie was such a protector, as was Greek Athena. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Even in nonagricultural societies, we find snake pro tectors, such as Siberian Irt (see Circumpolar), who protected the fecundity of rivers. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Snakes appear as images of reproductive sex in the image of Chinese Nu¨wa, entwined with her serpent mate, while Indian Kadru offers an image of reproductive abundance with her clutch of a thousand eggs. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Conversely, snakes could be fearsome and threatening. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some terrifying snakes were connected with magic and shape-shifting, such as Greek Hecate, Roman Angitia, Celtic Morrıgan, and Aztec Coatlicue. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Perhaps as an extension of this power, serpent goddesses ruled sexuality, as we find with Celtic Melusine and Ezili-Freda of the African disapora. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The snake Kundalinı, in Hindu India, symbolizes sexual power that rises through the snakelike spinal column linking the groin and head. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Finally, reptilian goddesses appear as cosmic creatrixes. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Africa, the snake Aido Hwedo was present at creation and provided the pattern for the sinuous shape of mountains and rivers. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some serpents provided the material for the world from their own body, as did Aztec Cipactonal and Babylonian Tiaˆmat. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Polynesian Walu tahanga suffered dismemberment but, once made whole again, provided fresh water and food to humanity. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The snake goddess can appear as a dragon, especially in Asia where these imagi nary hybrids were a common mythic motif. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Typically, dragons were associated with the oceans power. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Japanese Benten either took the form of a dragon or rode one on the ocean waves. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Egypt, the goddess Meretseger was a snake with human head, or a snake with three heads, a form that stressed her otherworldly aspects. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Other rep tiles appear as goddess images in regions where they are common, as with African Nyakae, a crocodile. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Birds also appear frequently as goddess images. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Pedamma-Mariamma (see India) was one of several creatrixes who took bird form; she laid an egg that contained the universe and the gods. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Polynesian Tuli flew across the primal ocean, creating island homes for people as she did. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Finnish Luonotar was not herself a bird, but provided a place for the cosmic eggs to be laid by a duck in primeval times. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Sometimes the bird is of a specific species: the owl accompanied and represented Greek Athena, while Irish E tain took the form of a swan (see Celtic). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In such cases, the birds qualities were associated with the goddess (wisdom and loyalty, respec tively). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Observation of bird behavior led to the connection of the Greek tragic heroine Aedon with the loud-crying nightingale; the Celtic war goddess Badb with the carrion-eating crow; the Saami spring goddess Barbmo-Akka (see Finno-Ugric) with migrating waterbirds; and the loyal Celtic heroine Fionnuala with the similarly loyal swan. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Greek Aphrodite was associated with several kinds of birds, including the goose and the sparrow, which were imagined as sexually vigorous. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Occasionally the bird was not the goddess but her mate. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The goddess of sexuality in the African diaspora, Oshun, is associated with the peacock, the male of which preens its lavish tail to attract a mate. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Eskimo Sedna (see Circumpolar) was mated to a sea bird, but grew tired of living on scraps of fish that he provided. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Greek mythology, the sky god Zeus turned himself into a bird in order to assault goddesses and Nymphs. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Thus Hera was associated with the quail, for Zeus disguised himself as one in order to gain access to Heras lap, while Leda was associated with the swan, in which form Zeus raped her, as he did the goddess of vengeance, Nemesis. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Frigg, the Scandinavian all-mother, lived in a sky palace to which she ascended on hawks wings. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Birds provided a disguise for shape-shifted goddesses such as Russian Baba Yaga (see Slavic) and Irish Morrıgan (see Celtic). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Nemain, a Celtic war goddess, flew over the battlefield like a crow to observe the slain, as did the Scandina vian Valkyries. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Birdsong figures in goddess imagery both as a positive image of beauty (Thai Kinnarı, see Southeast Asia) and as a threatening one of loss of self (Greek Sirens). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In addition to the earthbound serpent and the airy bird, we find goddesses in the form of amphibians, which live in water as juveniles and, after undergoing metamor phosis, breathe air as adults. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The most common amphibian image of the goddess is the frog or toad, often used as an image of the birthing creatrix because its bent legged shape looks like a woman squatting in labor. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This connection of frogs with birth was found in Egypt, where Hekt, a woman with a frogs head, was a midwife. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Frogs and toads were also widely associated with weather. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Australian frog goddess Quork-Quork was the mother of rain, thunder, and lightning. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Yang Sri, the toad goddess of Vietnam, controlled the weather, as did the Baltic weather witch Ragana. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Scandinavian Holle hid in a deep well disguised as a frog. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Finally, in a few instances, we find a connection between frogs and fire, notably in South America, where the frog goddess Nayobo made fire by vomiting, while another frog goddess of the region, Kibero, brought fire to humanity. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html">~ Kiran Atma</a></b></span></p><p><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/p/goddess-symbolism.html"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>You can learn more about Goddess Symbolism here.</b></span></a></p><div><br /></div>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5979151747663163869.post-34596366053682506162022-11-19T06:27:00.004-08:002022-11-19T06:27:23.455-08:00Goddesses Of Animals<p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Both wild and domesticated animals appear as goddess images. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In at least one case, we find a wild and a domesticated version of the same animal representing separate god desses: Egyptian Bast (domesticated cat) and Sekhmet (lioness). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In all circumstances, however, the goddesss familiar animal was common in the area where she was wor shiped; goddesses are not represented by exotic or alien fauna. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">One of the most important animal images for the goddess is the cow. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Domesticated in Egypt approximately 5,000 years ago from wild cattle (where cows were honored as images of the goddesses Hathor and Neith), the cows nourishing milk symbolically connects this animal to human mothers. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In a few cases, the goddess is seen associated with a bull. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Greek Europa was carried across the sky by a bull, Mesopotamian Innana owned the bull of heaven (see Eastern Mediterranean), Irish Medb kidnapped a mag ical bull (see Celtic). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">But most commonly, the milch cow serves as a symbol of the abundant and nurturing goddess. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Scandinavia, the cow was a primal being, Audhumbla, who freed the first beings from the primordial ice in which they were frozen. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Among the Irish Celts, we find Boand, ‘‘she of the white cows, who brought fertility to the land through the waters of the river that bears her name (Boyne). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Honoring the ‘‘sacred cow, embodiment of the Hindu goddess Prthvı, in India gives religious support for respecting the cows economic and nutritional importance. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In the same culture, the goddess of wealth, Laks˛mı, appears as a beautiful cow, and cows are called by her name. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Egypt, Hathor was depicted with the horned head of a cow, which had huge wings rising from her shoulders; in this shape, she gave birth to the universe. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Anahita (see Eastern Medi terranean) was embodied in herds of cows on whose brows moons were branded. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Nearby, Ugaritic Anat took on the form of a cow to mate with her beloved brother, the god Baal. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The cow was not only an earthly creature but was imagined as heavenly as well. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">When a greedy person milked Irelands Glas Ghaibhleann (see Celtic) into a sieve, the animal was so insulted that she levitated into the heavens where she walks the ‘‘White Cows Path, the Milky Way. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Greeks connected this broad band of stars with the cow goddess Hera, who sprayed the heavens with milk while feeding her son Heracles. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In some Christian narratives, the starry road was formed from the milk of the virgin Mary (see Eastern Mediterranean). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Egyptians saw the sky as a great cows belly, with the sun rising between the horns of the solar cow Hathor. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Another domesticated animal that provided meat and milk, as well as skin for leather, was the goat, whose usefulness became part of her symbolic importance. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The hollow horn of Greek Amaltea became the cornucopia, symbol of abundance. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Scandinavian heavenly goat Hedrun provided endless intoxicating mead that fed heroes in the afterlife. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goats were offered as sacrifices to Hittite Wurusemu (see Eastern Mediterranean). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Other goddesses to whom goats are sacrificed are Tibetan Tara (see India) and Ethiopian Atete (see Africa). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Used less often for food than for transportation, the horse appears connected with goddesses prominently in the mythologies of most Indo-European cultures as well as that of other lands. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goddesses can appear in horse form, accompanied by or riding horses, or drawn by them in a chariot. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Many are associated with celestial powers, including the sun and moon. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Celtic Epona and A ine may have represented the sun that speeds across the sky in a chariot drawn by horses; the folkloric English figure Lady Godiva (see Celts) may descend from a horse goddess. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The feminine solar horse appears in India as well, in the figures of Samjn a and the dawn maiden Usas, who drove a chariot pulled by red horses. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Two divine horses pulled the chariot of Scandina vian Sol, while Hungarian Xatel-Ekwa rode three horses simultaneously. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Occasion ally, a lunar goddess was associated with the horses that pull the moons silver chariot; Greek Selene rode in such a chariot. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Persian Anahita (see Eastern Mediterra nean) rode in a chariot drawn by four white horses signifying her control over the weather. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Although typically connected with light, horses can also be associated with goddesses of darkness. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A nightmarish horse, Russian Mora (see Slavic), killed people as they slept. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Scandinavia, the goddess Nott drove black horses that pulled the dark ness across the sky at nightfall. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As horses were often used in battle, it is not surprising to find goddesses of war associated with this animal. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Greece, horses were connected with the warrior women called Amazons, who bore horse-names like Hippolyta and Melanippe. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Scandina via, a similar group of horsewomen, the Valkyries, brought dead heroes from the battlefield to heaven. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Ireland, the war goddess Macha was identified with horses, for she could outrun them even when nine months pregnant. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Horses can represent transformation, as with Sumerian Ereshkegal (see Eastern Mediterranean), whose horse rode the boundary between death and life, or Greek Medusa who gave birth to the winged horse Pegasus, symbol of transformative poetry. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Medusa may be connected with an obscure form of the grain goddess Demeter, who was impregnated while wearing a horses head. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In the Baltic, the death goddess Giltine˙ drove two black horses, while in Wales the goddess Rhiannon rode a white horse from the Otherworld and was later forced to carry people on her own back like a mare. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In hunting societies, wild herd animals like deer and buffalo appear as divinities, sometimes pictured in whimsical fashion. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Scandinavia, the Skogsfruen (see Busch frauen) herded wild animals and, when not otherwise occupied, liked to knit socks. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">But the underlying image of the goddess of wild herds is as a cosmic game warden, controlling access to the beasts and thus to the meat they provide. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In southeastern Europe, Dali was goddess of mountain sheep who appeared as a nubile woman with whom male hunters had intercourse, which empowered them to become great hunters. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Yet, like other goddesses of the hunt, she put prohibitions on hunters and killed any who broke her commands. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The connection of goddesses with hunting is common, despite similarly common prohibitions on human women hunting. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Greek Artemis wanders through the forests accompanied by her Nymphs, tending to woodland creatures and helping animals safely bear their young. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Other such goddesses are Celtic Arduinna and Artio, Irish Flidais (see Celtic), Finnish Mielikki, Eskimo Sedna, and Siberian Umaj (see Circumpolar). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In North America, Wohpe, the white buffalo calf-woman of the North American Sioux, is not only a guide to correct behavior when hunting but a general power of order. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Such woodland goddesses set the rules and expectations for hunters, who were rewarded with success if they treated the goddess with respect. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Dogs often appear as goddess images, as do their wild counterparts, wolves. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Often the dog appears as a companion of the goddess rather than an embodiment of her, as with Celtic Nehalennia, Greek Hecate, and Hawaiian Pele (see Pacific Islands). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Eskimo Sedna (see Circumpolar) lived with a dog, described sometimes as her hus band. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Scandinavian Frau Goˆde (see Holle in Scandinavia) always traveled with a dog, which she used to annoy people who did not sufficiently respect her. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Babylonian Gula was always shown accompanied by dogs, and dogs were buried in her temple, suggesting that they were connected with her healing powers. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In rare cases, as with Irish Uirne, the divine figures are themselves canine in form, but more typically we find the dog by the goddesss side. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Wolf goddesses, by contrast, were embodied in wolf form rather than merely traveling in their company. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The related Roman figures of Rhea Silvia, Lupa, and Acca Larentia show the goddess in both human and lupine form. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Both as dog and as wolf, the goddess appears more protective than threatening, although as Brimwylf (see Scandinavian) she can appear monstrous to those who would threaten her child. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Like canines, felines can appear as both wild and tame in goddess iconography. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">However, when the tame cat appears as the wild lion, she changes from an affectionate goddess (Egypts Hathor, with her cat ears; Scandinavias sensual Freya; Chinese Wu Lo, goddess of fertility) to a fierce one (Indias Durga, a warrior goddess; Babylonian Eriskegal, queen of death; Egypts raging Sekhmet). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">At times, a complex but generally kindly goddess such as Cybele (see Southeastern Europe) or Chinas Xiwang Mu appeared accompanied by lions or tigers, which suggest the goddesss fiercer powers. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Among other wild animals that serve as goddess images or vehicles, the bear appears as both the goddess herself (Greek Callisto and Artemis, Celtic Artio) and as her mate (Tlingit Rhpisunt; see North America). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The goddess appeared as a fox in Japan (Inari), where she could transform herself into a beautiful woman to seduce and kill men. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Finally, occasional goddesses take on animal forms appropriate to a spe cific region, such as Egyptian Taweret (hippopotamus). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html">~ Kiran Atma</a></b></span></p><p><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/p/goddess-symbolism.html"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>You can learn more about Goddess Symbolism here.</b></span></a></p><div><br /></div>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5979151747663163869.post-10830554809626960832022-11-19T06:27:00.003-08:002022-11-19T06:27:21.930-08:00Goddesses Of Vegetation<p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In some areas, vegetation is connected with a male god. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Southeast Europe, for in stance, the mountain goddess Cybele took the tree god Attis for her lover. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In spring rit uals in the eastern Mediterranean, women planted gardens of Adonis, dedicated to the young lover of Greek Aphrodite who was killed in his prime, as the seedlings of the Adonis gardens were to die after a brief period of growth. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The connection of male divinity with vegetation has been described as the background for the image of the Christian savior Christ, meeting his death upon a dead tree. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Most cultures have connected plants with goddesses. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Such goddesses were typically associated with agriculture and represented the abundant food produced by the fertile fields. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Such vegetation goddesses can be forms of the earth mother (see above), for goddesses embodied in the fertile soil and those found in plants that spring from that soil can be difficult to distinguish, if indeed such a distinction was made by the god desss followers. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goddesses of vegetation can be embodied in plants (African Abuk, who was a bean; Southeast Asian Hainuwele, who turned into a date-palm) or may tend them as gardeners (Hawaiian Hiiaka, African Mbokomu, South American Nugkui). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A cultures vegetation goddess reveals its mainstay foods, for which reason many goddesses are connected with grains rather than, for instance, leafy greens that do not store well and are available for only part of the year. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In the eastern Mediterranean, Ninlil and her mother Ninshebargunu ruled barley and other nourishing seeds. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Rome, we find Ceres, from whose name we derive a term for grains. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Similarly, Greek Demeter and Slavic Z˘ emyna are connected with wheat and rye and barley, called ‘‘corn in old texts that use the term ‘‘maize for the yellow grain from the Americas. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In India and southeast Asia, goddesses were associated with the mainstay of the daily meal, rice, most famously embodied in the Hindu goddess of wealth, Laks˛mı, who appears in Bali and nearby islands as the primary goddess Dewi Shri. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A similar goddess was Basmoti, whose name we still use for a type of rice; in central India, Astangi Devı brought humans not only rice but bamboo, with its edible shoots. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Japan, the rice goddess was the fox-woman Inari, a divinity who is still very popular today. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In central and north America, the goddess of agricultural plenty was connected with maize or corn; Cherokee Selu and Pawnee Uti Hiata are among the ‘‘corn moth ers of the Americas. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In South America, where the potato was a mainstay of life, the goddess of abundance was Pachamama. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In the Pacific, the goddess Pani was associ ated with yams, an important food plant. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goddesses of vegetation could be divinities of birth as well, not only because farm ing reproduces plants but because sufficient food is necessary for women to become pregnant. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Babylonia, the birth goddess Bau derives her name from a term meaning ‘‘giver of vegetables (see Eastern Mediterranean). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Thailand, the primary goddess is Mae Phosop, deity of rice who appears as a pregnant woman when the grains swell to maturity and who gives birth to the new crops (see India). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Australia, Imberom bera walked around creating life by giving birth and forming plants (see Mutjingga). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Not only were vegetation goddesses associated with birth; they were also connected with death. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In the cycle of the crops, farmers saw their own lives: flourishing in youth, reaching productive adulthood, finally dying. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This identification was reflected in myth. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">African Asase, who claimed the dead, was primarily a goddess of vegetation. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Nambi, also from Africa, stole seeds to bring food plants to earth, but unwittingly opened the way for death to descend from the heavens. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Egypt, the tree-living death goddess Ament offered food to the newly dead, the tasting of which kept them from returning to life. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Yet even in death, vegetation goddesses promise new life. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Egyptian Hekt was embodied in grain, which seems to ‘‘die before it sprouts. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Eating the fruit of Chinese Xiwang Mus magical peach tree transformed the deceased into an immortal. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Flowers and fruit both serve as goddess images. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Often the goddesses are depicted, respectively, as younger and older, with a nubile goddess envisioned as a deity of flow ers while a more mature goddess is the resulting fruit. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Among important flower god desses we find Romes Flora, divinity of prostitutes and sexuality; Bloduewedd in Wales (see Celtic), a heroine made completely of flowers; Greek Persephone (Roman Proserpina), a maiden goddess raped while picking crocuses; and the Aztec Xochi quetzel, the deity embodied in the marigold. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In India, the Apsaras were bedecked with flower garlands that, if offered to a human, indicated willingness to engage in intercourse. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Russia (see Slavic), a young woman embodying Berehinia wore a crown of red flowers to represent the goddess. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As flowers are the genitalia of plants, they often symbolize the goddesss female organs. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The fruit that results from pollination of flowers becomes the symbol of mature god desses. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The most familiar is the apple associated withEve, ancestral mother of humanity (see Eastern Mediterranean). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The peach offered by Chinese Xiwang Mu brought immortality to the eater. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A pomegranate represented Hera, Greek goddess of womans power. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The apple was connected with Lithuanian Saule˙ (see Baltic). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Among goddesses of fruit we find several connected to intoxication, for sugary fruit naturally ferments into wine. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Sumerian Nikasi was embodied in strong grapevines (see Eastern Mediterranean). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">African O ya was connected with palm wine; Greek Oeno, with wine from grapes. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The tree provided an image of the goddess as provider of food, with fruit trees espe cially regarded as feminine. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Scandinavia, where fruit varieties were limited, Idunn was associated only with apples, while in Japan, Kono-Hana-Sakuya-Hime and Yaya-Zakura were goddesses of the cherry tree and Rafu-Sen of the plum. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Greek Carya ruled the walnut, Irish Buan the hazelnut (see Celtic), Roman Rumina the fig. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Even trees that do not bear edible fruit or nuts had goddess associations. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Many trees were described as inhabited by feminine spirits like Greek Dryads, tree-living Nymphs who died when their tree died. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Similarly, Scandinavians envisioned the for ests of northern Europe as inhabited by Askefruer, ash-tree women. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Greeks con nected goddesses with specific tree species, as with the multiple Heliaces (poplar) and Meliae (ash), as well as the singular Daphne (laurel) and Carya (walnut). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Tree cults are attested in Greek religion, including one centered on Helen, who was ritually hung from a tree in ancient times. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Such goddesses could appear as ancestral figures; among the Scandinavians, Embla was said to have been the primordial woman, born of an ash tree. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Trees were the preeminent image of the Hebrew goddess Asherah, whose image was carved from a wooden plank. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Arabic goddess Uzza was also honored in groves of trees (see Eastern Mediterranean for both). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html">~ Kiran Atma</a></b></span></p><p><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/p/goddess-symbolism.html"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>You can learn more about Goddess Symbolism here.</b></span></a></p><div><br /></div>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5979151747663163869.post-82512066478243636872022-11-19T06:27:00.002-08:002022-11-19T06:27:20.535-08:00Goddesses Of Fire<p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The mobile element of fire is more typically depicted as feminine than masculine, although a few fire gods appear in world mythology. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">These are often blacksmiths, such as the Celtic Goibniu, Greek Hephaestus, or Roman Vulcan. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Such gods do not so much embody fire as use it in transformation of one material to another. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">But the role of smith is not always a male one in mythology. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Smith goddesses also appear, most notably Celtic Brigit, connected to smithcraft, poetry, and healing, all of which show her trans formational power. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Japan, too, we find the smith goddess Ishikore-Dome, who crafted the first mirror and saved the world from darkness. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In China, the smith Moye worked with her husband to craft an impossibly strong sword, in the process of which she sacrificed herself to the fire. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Fire itself appears as a goddess in one of two forms: as the wild, tempestuous fire of volcanoes, and as the tamed and useful fire of the hearth. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The former figures are typi cally depicted as voluptuous and demanding of lovers, who often perish at their em brace. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The unpredictability of volcanic eruption and the potential destructiveness to human settlement, coupled with the astonishing fertility of volcanic soil after it has cooled and settled, led to depiction of volcano goddesses as both threatening and fecund. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Around the ‘‘ring of fire in the Pacific, such volcano women can be found, from the Aleutian Chuginadak and Multnomah Loo-Wit (see North America) to Micronesian Latmikaik and Hawaiian Pele (see Pacific Islands). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Europe, a similar figure is Roman Aetna, whose mountain bears her name. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The earths inner fires, which pour out from the surface as lava, gave rise to images of women with flames hidden in their genitals, as in Goga (see Pacific Islands). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The connection of such natural fires with the domestic flame upon the hearth was articulated in some cases, as in Japanese Fuji, who was both the volcanic mountain and the familys cook fire. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">More commonly, the fire goddess of the household is seen as a distinct domestic presence, to whom simple rituals are offered daily while cooking and eating. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The hearth, which is either the home of the goddess or her very body, was often hedged about with taboos. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Spitting in the fire, dumping urine or other waste upon it, or otherwise showing disrespect was typically forbidden, with penalties enacted for transgressions. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Across Indo-European territory, the hearth goddess was typically vir ginal (Greek Hestia, Roman Vesta, Celtic Brigit) and served by a college of similarly chaste priestesses. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">At other times, she was a nurturing maternal force (such as the Bal tic Gabija). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Finally, in a few cases fire goddesses were connected with water, espe cially hot springs, as was Celtic Sul (see Sun, above). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html">~ Kiran Atma</a></b></span></p><p><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/p/goddess-symbolism.html"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>You can learn more about Goddess Symbolism here.</b></span></a></p><div><br /></div>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5979151747663163869.post-66557238358336170172022-11-19T06:27:00.001-08:002022-11-19T06:27:19.279-08:00Goddesses Of Water<p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">After earth, the symbol most commonly associated with goddesses is water, both as the fresh water of rivers and streams, and as the oceans salty waves. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The gendering of water as feminine is not invariable, however. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some mythologies describe the oceans as masculine. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Greeks had a sea god, Poseidon, while a similar figure among the Irish was Manannan mac Lir. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In both cases, the ocean was defined as masculine, as dis tinguished from fresh water, which was feminine. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Among the Greeks, who despite see ing the ocean as masculine pictured its waves as the innumerable feminine Oceanids, we find the freshwater Nymphs called the Nereids. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Irish knew many river god desses such as Sınann, Berba, and Boand, while outside Ireland we find dozens of Celtic water goddesses including Abnoba, Aveta, Coventina, Natosuelta, and Sabrina. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This salt and fresh water distinction, however, is not universal. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some goddesses were described as ruling the oceans, including the Scandinavian Ran who ruled the northern sea, and Chermiss Bu¨t aba and Finnic Mere-Ama (see Finno-Ugric), whose domains were similarly in the arctic waters. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Hebrew Miriam (see Eastern Mediterra nean) was connected with the ‘‘bitter waters or the salty seas, although a freshwater stream created by her brother Moses also bore her name. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The connection between the oceans salt water and female fertility is emphasized in the Hindu myth of Prakrti (see India), whose amniotic fluid became the oceans after she gave birth to the gods. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In many cultures, an ocean goddess controls the fish and mammals that live in her waters and on which humans depend for food. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">An important example of such a figure is Inuit Sedna (see Circumpolar) who, thrown into the water as a sacrifice, thereafter receives sacrifices herself as the ‘‘great food-dish. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Finnish Vellamo (see Finno Ugric), too, is an ocean goddess who determines how many fish humans can take from her waters, taking advice from her many daughters, the waves of the sea. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Similarly, the South American sea-mother Mama Cocha brings fish and sea-mammals close to peo ple so that they can be harvested for food. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Fishermen often fall under the rulership of ocean goddesses, who like Ma-tsu (see China) protects them when they are faring on the waves. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In some cases, the oceanic goddess is depicted as a primordial mother or creatrix, one from whose depths life was born, as with Babylonian Tiaˆmat (see Eastern Mediterranean). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Finno-Ugric Luonotar, while not the ocean itself, is intimately con nected with it, having spent much of eternity floating on cosmic waters. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The sky woman of the American Iroquois, Ataensic, floated on the oceans waters until earth was created (see North America). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Wherever the waters of the Wintu goddess Mem Loimis fell, the earth grew fertile, while areas not endowed with her watery gift were left as desert (see North America). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Ocean goddesses could be charming and delightful. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Lithuanian Amberella tossed pieces of amber to the shore, to reward those who honored her, and Greek Aphrodite was ravishingly beautiful even when fickle. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">But they could also be dangerous. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Mer maids and sirens, which appear in many mythologies as ocean-dwelling women of great beauty, are threatening water divinities who lure sailors to their death. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Such fig ures guarded the boundaries between water and land, like Siberian Sug Eezi (see Circumpolar) who like other mermaids had long hair that mimicked the rippling streams that she inhabited. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Celtic Korrigans danced each night, drawing victims to themselves and drowning them. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Greek Aphrodite was born of the oceans waves and, although beautiful, could also be pitiless, for love is never without possible threat of loss. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In China, the primary goddess Xiwang Mu controlled the worlds waters and was invoked when floods threatened, showing that the activities of such cosmic god desses could be damaging to humanity were she not ritually appeased. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Thus ocean goddesses represent both creative possibility and danger. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goddesses associated with fresh water are powers of fertility. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Such watershed god desses can be seen as divinities of the land as well as the rivers that drain it. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In India, many rivers are imagined as goddesses of earthly abundance, none more so than the Ganges, whose powerful river drains much of the subcontinent and is seen as the actual body of the goddess Gan ga. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Egypt, where the annual inundation of the land by the river Nile was typically associated with the god Osiris, we find the water goddess Anu ket representing the connection between water and the lands increased fertility. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Africa, major rivers were goddesses (Yemaja, Oshun, O ya) who were sometimes in conflict with each other over their shared consort. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Such river goddesses were typically maternal forces, providing their human children with sustenance. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A similar goddess in Russia, Mokosh (see Slavic), was a motherly figure whose presence was most actively felt in budding springtime. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Smaller water sources such as springs and creeks could be seen as threatening rather than helpful. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Slavic lands, supernatural women, once human, haunted quick-flowing streams. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Deprived by early death of a chance to have children, the Rusalki drowned sweet babies or fertile young people. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Scandinavian Nixies were similarly danger ous. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In tribal India, the Nippong especially targeted young pregnant women, whom they caused to miscarry. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Such spirits were often most active in spring and may re present the possibility of flash floods. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Tribal Indian Bai Tanki, another destructive river goddess, spreads disease through her water—a mythic narrative with a firm basis in science, for polluted water can indeed spread disease. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Fountains and bedrock springs were often seen as locations of inspiration because of the goddesses who inhabited them. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Greek Musae are still known as an image of the force that causes artists to create. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In India, the river goddess Sarasvatı was the source of inspiration as well as a cosmic creatrix. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Such inspiration could be legal and organizational as well as artistic. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Among the Roman water nymphs called the Camenae was Egeria, who oracularly dictated the first laws of Rome and whose name is still used to describe a wise woman advisor. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Freshwater goddesses, endowed with the gift of seeing the future, could help those who wished to practice the oracular arts. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Babylonian Nanshe (see Eastern Mediterra nean) was a fortune-tellers goddess celebrated at waterborne festivals. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Prophecy was not always seen as a gift; the Greek water Nymph Telphusa killed anyone who drank her prophetic waters. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Yet most often, prophecy was a positive act, connected with heal ing because the ill and infirm turn to oracles in hopes of receiving predictions of pos itive change. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">So common was the connection between springs and healing among the Celts that the names of many of their goddesses have been lost, for they were renamed ‘‘Minerva Medici after the Roman goddess of healing, during Imperial occupation. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Healing was a common part of the domain of the freshwater goddess, a tradition that continues today with the prayerful use of water from the well at Lourdes, France, dedicated to the virgin Mary (see Eastern Mediterranean). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Africa, we find the lake goddess Idemili and the water spirit Mammywata, both of whom offered healing to their worshipers. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Hindu goddess Narmada (see India) was especially powerful against snakebite, while the healing offered by Gan ga extended beyond this life, for those who died in her waters were freed from the cycle of rebirth. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some important goddesses controlled all water, whether found in rivers or in oceans. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Anahita, one of the most important Persian divinities (see Eastern Mediterra nean), ruled everything fluid in the universe, even those of the human body. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Similarly, among the Lithuanians (see Baltic), the water mother Jurat˙e controlled all the earths waters. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Aztec Chalchihuitlicue (see Mesoamerican) could be found in lakes, rivers, and the ocean. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Finally, some goddesses could be described as divinities of what science calls the water cycle, for they ruled the rain that falls on the land, the bodies of water (above ground and underground) that gather the rain and return it to the ocean, and the ocean where clouds are born to return water to the land. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Such goddesses connect air and water like the African sky woman Andriana who descended to earth to become a water goddess. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Rainbows, those bridges between sky and earth formed by water vapor, often symbolize such goddesses. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Australia, the primal serpent Julunggul ruled ocean, rivers (especially waterfalls), and rain; she was embodied in the rainbow. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A similar rainbow-water-snake spirit found in Haiti was Aida Wedo (see African Diaspora). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html">~ Kiran Atma</a></b></span></p><p><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/p/goddess-symbolism.html"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>You can learn more about Goddess Symbolism here.</b></span></a></p><div><br /></div>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5979151747663163869.post-67706466630713473082022-11-19T06:27:00.000-08:002022-11-19T06:27:19.130-08:00Goddesses Of Air<p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goddesses of air are uncommon, perhaps because air is not visible, audible, or tangible until it forms itself into wind and thus is difficult to imagine as having personality, much less gender. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Only one goddess represents the invisible atmosphere that envelops and sustains us. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The name of Inuit Sila (see Circumpolar) has been translated as ‘‘air, and this goddess embodies the entire cosmos that sustains life. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She is also associated with the visions of shamans, who traveled through the air without touching ground. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">More commonly, a goddess might be associated with the air that she breathes into inert matter, thus vivifying it. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Examples of such breath-creatrixes are Egyptian Hekt, Sibe rian Ajysyt (see Circumpolar), Greek Aphrodite, Lakota Whope (see North America), and South American Amaru. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Flying goddesses, whose domain can be interpreted as including air, are quite common. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Most, like Scandinavian Frigg and Russian Baba Yaga (see Slavic), rode in some kind of vehicle: a chariot drawn by cats in the first case, a mortar rowed with a pestle in the second. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Persian Anahitas vehicle was drawn by four majestic white horses, Babylonian Ishtars by lions (see Eastern Mediterranean for both). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Wild boars pulled Indian Marıcı. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In some cases, such high-flying goddesses were connected with dawn or with the sun, as with Indian Usas and Scandinavia Sol. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Celestial goddesses are often difficult to distinguish from air goddesses, as both travel through the atmosphere. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goddesses connected to birds can arguably be called air divinities. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In some cases, as with Southeast Asian Kinnarı or Hindu Yoginı (see India for both), the goddess can be embodied as a bird, rather than as a human female. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The same was true of Samoan Tuli (see Pacific Islands), who created the world in the form of a bird flying across the pri meval sea. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Sometimes the bird becomes the goddesss vehicle, as in Russia, where the air goddess Berehinia rode the magnificent Firebird (see Slavic). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">More obvious air goddesses are connected to wind. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Such goddesses are not always violent or stormy. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Greek breeze goddesses, the Litae, carried prayers to the gods. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Finland, the helpful goddess Ismo blew out fires that threatened to burn down houses; her sisters were healing divinities who healed by blowing on wounds. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">But some air goddesses are clearly dangerous, as with the Caribbean Guabancex, who caused hurricanes. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It can be difficult to distinguish storm goddesses from goddesses of weather (see above), who like African Mujaji and O ya control both stormy winds and the accompanying thunder, lightning, and rain. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html">~ Kiran Atma</a></b></span></p><p><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/p/goddess-symbolism.html"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>You can learn more about Goddess Symbolism here.</b></span></a></p><div><br /></div>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5979151747663163869.post-41833655001723743652022-11-19T06:18:00.000-08:002022-11-19T06:18:00.724-08:00Goddesses Of The Earth<p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: large;">The most common symbol for goddesses is the earth, although it can be argued that the symbolism goes the other way around: that goddesses symbolize earth, both as soil and as planet. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Whichever came first, the connection of goddess and earth is found through out the world. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It is not, however, invariable. </span><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: large;">The binary opposition of male/sky and female/earth is sometimes reversed. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Earth gods are found in some cultures, often asso ciated with sky goddesses, a subject that has not been sufficiently studied to determine its frequency. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Despite exceptions, however, earth and goddess are connected in many cultures, so much so that goddesses whose symbolism was originally other evolve into earth goddesses over time. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In some cases, however, writers unthinkingly and inap propriately use the term ‘‘earth goddess or ‘‘earth mother where the divinity in question is a celestial or cosmic figure. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Earth goddesses are often described as creating the earth (see also Creatrix, below); such goddesses can be described as self-creating. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Korea, MaGo created the world by singing, while in Greece, the earth goddess Eurynome created the universe through dance. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some earth goddesses do not create the land but populate it by creating humans and animals. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">African Butan was the first creation of the double-sexed primary god. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She then populated the world without need of mate. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Earth goddesses often create vegetation from their bodies, the rich soil. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Because humans and animals require vegetation to survive, earth goddesses are envisioned as benevolent and generous. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In some cases, the connection between earth and nourish ment is made clear, as with Indian Basmoti who created rice by vomiting it forth. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This generosity can be seen in the name of the early Greek earth goddess Pandora, ‘‘all giver, or Danish Gefjion, ‘‘gift (see Scandinavia). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Such images tend to come from cultures that practice agriculture. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Where people live from fishing and hunting, the goddess of abundance is more typically connected with wildlife (see Animals, below). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Many earth goddesses are described as maternal forces, providing for the creatures of earth as a good mother provides for her children. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some myths put special emphasis on the maternal feelings of the goddess, as in the Greek story of Demeter and her lost daughter Persephone. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Baltic Zˇ emyna appeared at the birth of every child, and Sibe rian Umay (see Circumpolar, Umaj) was the placenta that feeds the fetus as the earth feeds its creatures. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Other myths connect goddesses of earth with human fecundity. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Estonian Ma-Emma (see Finno-Ugric) was the fertile, endlessly pregnant earth, and as such controlled the wombs of young women, permitting them to bear children suc cessfully. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Roman earth goddess Anna Perenna responded to the sexual activities of humans by growing more fertile. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goddesses like Scandinavian Fulla and Roman Ops, from whose names the En glish words ‘‘full and ‘‘opulent derive, represent both bountiful vegetation and the abundant life expressed in human procreation. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">African goddess Aje was similarly con nected with abundance of all sorts, including food, money, and beloved children. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She created the soil that bears crops by scratching at it in primordial times, when it was hard as rock and she wore the body of a chicken. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Hindu Laks˛mı, often represented by coins and bills, began as an earth goddess whose abundance created monetary wealth. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As an esoteric symbol, she represents spiritual wealth as well. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The earth has rarely been seen as a solitary divinity. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Rather, she is envisioned as part of a divine family that includes gods as well as other goddesses. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">At times, the earth was part of a family headed by the maternal sun, as with Finno-Ugric earth goddess Mu kilˇsin-Mumi, whose sister was the sun, or Baltic Z˘ emyna, who was the suns daugh ter. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In other cases, we find the earth as mother of a clan that includes goddesses of cul ture and of food; the Pawnee earth divinity was Atira (see Native American), whose daughter was the corn goddess. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Often, the earth mother was the mate of a sky god. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Polynesia, the earth goddess Papa lay in perpetual intercourse with her sky husband and had to be forcibly sepa rated from him in order for other life to emerge. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Greek myth, earth mother Gaia birthed many children after mating with the sky god but finally grew weary of his end less sexual demands. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She convinced one of her sons to castrate him, thus ending their endless embrace, after which she gave birth parthenogenetically. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Zun˜i goddess Awitelin Tsita lay in continual intercourse with the sky until she conceived the human race. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Her husband, the sky, solicitously attended upon Maka of the Lakota as she cre ated humanity (see Native American for both). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Although typically the earth goddess hungered for intercourse, a few earth god desses were unwilling sexual partners. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Hindu Tarı (see India) refused the solicitations of the sun god, whereupon he created human women to serve his sexual needs. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Even when the goddess is energetically sexual, many myths describe tensions among the divine family, with the earth mother siding with her children against her spouse. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The earth goddess is never described in fearsome or negative terms, although she can be seen as a strict keeper of order, as was the case with Greek Themis, who represented the force of law. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Judgmental goddesses sustain the natural laws and punish those who break them. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Such goddesses could be punitive, as when the Mongol earth goddess Etugen brought about earthquakes to purify the land of peoples wrongdoing. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Hindu P rthivi (see India) also showed her displeasure at human failing by shaking fiercely, as did South American Pachamama. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Because earth goddesses serve as all-seeing witnesses to what transpires on their surface, people turned to them when oaths were required. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Slavic people held a handful of soil while swearing by Zˇ emyna (see Slavic), and Romans pointed downward toward the earth goddess Tellus when they made a pledge. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">African Ala was a force of social order, for she witnessed all promises and knew instantly when one was bro ken because there was nowhere on earth where one could hide from her. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Also in Africa, followers of Oddudua devote themselves to maintenance of social order. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Greek Demeter was known as the lawgiver (‘‘Thesmophoros), for she created the order of the ideal human society as she did for the rest of nature. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The connection between earth and human society can be detected in the name of the Scandinavian earth goddess Fjo¨rgynn, from which we derive both the words ‘‘earth and ‘‘hearth. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Just as she could see anything that happened on her surface, the earth goddess could see into the future. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Thus she represented the force of destiny. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Iranian A rmaiti (see Eastern Mediterranean) ruled both reproduction and fate, which in many cultures were seen as inextricably linked. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As the overseer of birth, the goddess was in the position to know the fate of each newborn. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Just as often, earth goddesses are connected to death, especially in cultures where the dead were entombed within the earth; the dark skin of Russian Mokosh (see Slavic) was not only the color of fertility but of the endless night of death. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The earth goddess was literally the earth beneath our feet. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Siberian Mou-Njami had soil for skin and green grass for hair. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In that culture, digging into the earth was forbid den, because to do so would be to injure the goddess. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Southeast Asian Ponniyamman is depicted as a rock head, sitting on the earth, which forms her body. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some goddesses occupy specific and delimited areas of land—for example, mountains. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">One of the worlds most famous peaks is named for the Hindu goddess Annapur˛na (see India). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Sometimes a single peak is designated as the embodiment or residence of the goddess, as in the Irish triad Bandba, Fodla, and E riu, or the Native American goddess Tacoma of the mountain that bears her name. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In other cases, goddesses occupied entire mountain ranges, such as Celtic Echtghe, after whom low hills in County Clare are named. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Occasionally the goddesss mountain is an imaginary one; Xiwang Mu of China was envisioned as occupying the supernatural Jade Mountain. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Volcanoes were commonly imagined as goddesses, but connected with fire rather than earth (see Fire, below). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goddesses inhabited and embodied forests. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Because these forests were important sources of wild food, Celtic Ardwinna and Greek Artemis were connected with hunt ing, while Finno-Ugric Vir-Azer-Ava was associated with foraging for berries and mushrooms. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">But dense forests could also be dangerous. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Thus threatening figures were described as ready to kidnap people who lost their way in the woods, like the Scandi navian Skogsnufvar (see Buschfrauen) who froze people to death for wandering in her domain. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Mountain and forest goddesses can be seen as specialized forms of the earth goddess. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Another category was the territorial goddess who represents not the entire planet but the region occupied by a single group. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The alternative name of the Roman Tellus was Italia, a name also given to the long mountainous peninsula she ruled. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In India, multiple goddesses called by the generic Gramadevata represent the land on which a villages people depended. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Ireland, land goddesses often appear as god desses of the watershed, showing the necessary connection of earth and water for fer tility (see Celtic Aveta, Sequana, Berba, Boand, Sınann). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Given the frequency of association of goddess and earth, it is not uncommon to find earth goddesses also iden tified as goddesses of water, abundance, and creation. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html">~ Kiran Atma</a></b></span></p><p><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/p/goddess-symbolism.html"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>You can learn more about Goddess Symbolism here.</b></span></a></p><div><br /></div>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5979151747663163869.post-50251499235731899312022-11-19T06:17:00.007-08:002022-11-19T06:17:58.977-08:00Goddesses Of Time And Seasons<p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The concept of time appears as a goddess in several cultures. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Hindu India, Nidra is the sleep of time, whose passage is beyond human control, while Kalı represents the many eras of the worlds life, with the final era named after her. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In North America, the Cherokee saw time as ruled by the sun goddess Unelanuhi, who divided night from day and thus invented all measurement. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Among the pre-Roman Etruscans, time was the goddess Nortia, in whose honor nails were pounded each year into her temple. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The later Roman Juno represented time as embodied in womens passage through lifes stages, with multiple Junos representing each woman as she aged. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some time goddesses are also foretellers of fate, as was Arabic Manat (see Eastern Mediterra nean), Finally, many goddesses are associated with the period before day was divided from night. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">These divinities appear in a primordial, often chaotic ‘‘time before time, and are often creatrixes who form the universe. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Many goddesses, especially earth goddesses, are associated with specific seasons that paralleled the seasons of a womans life. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Spring goddesses (Roman Flora, Greek Hebe, Slavic Kostrubonko, Scandinavian Rana Neida) are typically young and sex ually active or even promiscuous, unburdened by children. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">They are kind and gener ous, beautiful and tender. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Often spring goddesses are associated with dawn, both representing the promise of new beginnings. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Just as dawn goddesses (see Light/Day, above) could be dangerous as well as desirable, so figures connected with spring, like Slavic Rusalki, could present themselves as threatening. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Spring was a time of hunger to subsistence farmers, who had devoured their stored crops and were awaiting new growth. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Even for gathering-hunting cultures, spring could be difficult, so in the Arctic we find Asiaq (see Circumpolar), to whom shamans made sacrifices if ice did not break up in the rivers, allowing fishing. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Thus maiden spring goddesses such as Greek Persephone were connected to death, an ever-present danger in hungry springtime. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Summer goddesses, by contrast, are typically maternal, indicative of the earth in its agricultural abundance. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Like Roman Ceres (from whom we derive the word ‘‘cereal), these goddesses are often associated with food plants, which flourish in summer weather (see also Vegetation, below). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In North America, such goddesses could be embodied in the important food-crop, maize or corn; see Selu and Oniata. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Such goddesses are typically depicted as mature and fertile, women in the prime of their reproductive years. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">But in desert lands, summer goddesses could appear as threat ening, as with Egyptian Sekhmet who represents the scorching sun, or Sri Lankan Pattinı (see India) who began as a gentle woman but became rage-filled and destruc tive later. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It might be assumed that autumn goddesses would represent decline and death, but fall is a season for both harvest and the hunt. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Thus goddesses connected with autumn could be paradoxically both fertile and deadly. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some, such as Irish Tailtu, were sacrificed in order to provide fertility to the land, while in other cases such as Slavic Baba Yaga, they threatened others with death by devouring. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Mesoamerican ritual, a mature woman assumed the identity of Toci and was sacrificed and flayed at her har vest festival. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Other autumn goddesses (South American Pachamama, Greek Demeter, Roman Pomona) were goddesses of abundance, appropriate to harvest sea son. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">These goddesses are typically shown as a woman past the prime of life but still vigorous. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">With the Irish Cailleach, this vigor included sexual appetite; this divine female could exhaust and even kill young men with her demands. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Winter goddesses, typically envisioned as old women, are often threatening. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This is hardly surprising, as winter in earlier times was a time of hardship and want. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Winter goddesses are shown with the power to control the weather (see Weather, above). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Thus they were to be propitiated, lest they grow angry and bring on dangerous storms. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Scandinavian winter goddess appeared as a pair, with friendly Holle shaking her feather beds to make snow and rewarding those pleasant to her with gold, while her twin Perchta roamed through the world looking for people to punish for minor infrac tions, bringing bitter cold with her. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some winter goddesses are paired with a spring deity. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Scotland, the Cailleach appeared with the girl Bride, who spent winter trying to escape the hags grasp. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Finally, some winter divinities are witches (Roman Befana, Finno-Ugric Louhi) who kidnap good weather and growth, holding it hostage until spring. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html">~ Kiran Atma</a></b></span></p><p><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/p/goddess-symbolism.html"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>You can learn more about Goddess Symbolism here.</b></span></a></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><div><br /></div>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5979151747663163869.post-36227933463711663812022-11-19T06:17:00.006-08:002022-11-19T06:17:57.344-08:00Goddesses Of Darkness And Night<p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Light has a physical source in the sun, which can readily be envisioned as a divinity. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">But darkness, the absence of light, has no similarly specific source. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Darkness as a qual ity, then, is less often imagined embodied as a goddess, although India provides one in the form of kindly Ratri, sister to the dawn goddess Usas, representing restful night. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Greeks, too, had a goddess of night, Nyx, a primordial figure who gave birth to the early gods and represented a time before the creation of light. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A similar figure, No¨tt, appears in Scandinavian myth. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Many goddesses are described as having dark skin, usually to emphasize their con nection to the dark fertile soil rather than to indicate their connection to nighttime. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This appears to be the case with the so-called Black Madonnas (see Mary, Eastern Mediterranean), found in an area predominantly occupied by light-skinned people. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some goddesses of death, such as Sumerian Erishkegal (see Eastern Mediterranean) are described as powers of darkness, apparently because they are associated with the physical inability to see light after death. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goddesses associated with darkness could be associated with magic, as with Greek Hecate who appeared at the dark of the moon accompanied by black dogs. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Finally, darkness sometimes indicates a peoples natural complexion and has no special symbolic meaning. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Racism is occasionally found in mythology, reflecting soci etal divisions and injustices. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">For example, the Indian goddess Parvati, originally dark skinned like many of her worshipers, underwent an initiatory experience in order to attain a presumably more beautiful light skin. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The presumption that ‘‘dark indicates negative forces or even evil is unfounded in most mythologies. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Even when a goddess is connected with death, that does not necessarily indicate that her powers are negative, as death is a natural part of life. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html">~ Kiran Atma</a></b></span></p><p><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/p/goddess-symbolism.html"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>You can learn more about Goddess Symbolism here.</b></span></a></p><div><br /></div>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5979151747663163869.post-28828627926376594342022-11-19T06:17:00.005-08:002022-11-19T06:17:55.367-08:00Goddesses Of Light And Day<p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goddesses of light are usually associated with the sun (see above), but occasionally we find divinities associated with light in general. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">An example of such a goddess is Roman Diana, often described as a moon goddess but originally a goddess of the sky, espe cially when lit by one of the celestial luminaries. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Other light goddesses appeared as midwives (Roman Lucina, Babylonian Bau), for they represented the first light that a newborn sees. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Even more generally, the Australian light goddess Yhi represented the moment of creation, at which all creatures came forth into light. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some light goddesses are connected with a specific time of day. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Slavic Poldunica was bright noontime, while Greek Eos and Hindu Usas both represented dawn. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Other dawn goddesses include Eastern Mediterranean Aja (see Ishtar), Chinese Zhunti (see Ma-tsu), Buddhist Marıcı (see India), Polynesian Atanua and Hina, Hungarian Xoli-Kalte (see Finno-Ugric, Xatel-Ekwa), and Roman Mater Matuta. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">At the other end of day, Greek Hesperides and Slavic Zorya represented the fading light of eve ning, often embodied in the first stars seen in the darkening sky (see Stars, above). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The temperaments and symbols of these goddesses vary according to the kind of light they represent, with dawn goddesses appearing often as lusty maidens, full of energy, while deities of evening are more sedate but nonetheless seductive (see also Fire, below). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html">~ Kiran Atma</a></b></span></p><p><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/p/goddess-symbolism.html"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>You can learn more about Goddess Symbolism here.</b></span></a></p><div><br /></div>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5979151747663163869.post-33850589997900358502022-11-19T06:17:00.004-08:002022-11-19T06:17:53.848-08:00Weather Goddesses And Storm Goddesses<p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Just as the heavens are commonly described as part of the masculine sphere, opposed to the feminine earth, so weather (especially storms with thunder and lightning) is often connected with male divinities and their powers. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Yet some cultures grant control of the weather to a powerful female divinity. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Often she is depicted as an aged woman, sometimes a giant, such as the Celtic Cailleach who stirred up storms at sea and covered the land with her cloudy cloak. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Scotland and Ireland, this figure was con nected with high hills and mountains, around which clouds gathered and which even today bear her name. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She was a figure more feared than beloved, associated with bad weather rather than sunny spells, although she can appear in double form, as with Brit ains fearsome Black Annis and her corollary, Gentle Annie. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Among the Balts, the similar figure Ragana caused storms by waving a red wand. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Both these figures were seen as old, but sexually active, indeed somewhat predatory They favored strong and virile young men, whom they exhausted or even killed with their energy and sexual appetites. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The similar Hungarian witch, Szepasszony, was a frightening figure who kidnapped humans, often for sexual purposes. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Russian witch Baba Yaga controlled the weather, brewing up storms to hide her raids on human settlements where she stole children. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Nearby, the dual Germanic goddesses Perchta and Holle not only controlled the weather but were also connected with sea sonal change, typically accompanied by a change in weather. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The distinction between a seasonal goddess and a weather-controller can be difficult to distinguish, with divinities like Georgian Tamar (see Slavic) serving in both capacities. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Storms include wind as well as rain, and goddesses whose special domain is the wind are not uncommon, although more typically associated with male divine figures (as is thunder). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">At times these winds are drying, as with Egyptian Sekhmet who repre sents the desiccating desert wind as well as the heat of the sun. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">African O ya controlled winds on the river named for her, while in the African diaspora, she continued to con trol wind, both gentle breezes and dangerous storms. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Similarly, the Haida figure Dju (see North America) controlled both soft and harsh winds by the height to which she raised her dress. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Sumerian Lilith (see Eastern Mediterranean) is another wind goddess, embodying a Cailleach-like sexual danger in a voluptuous form. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Because goddesses are often associated with water (see below), they can be described as having special power over rain. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">An important example is Persian Anahita (see Eastern Mediterranean), who was seen as both earthly water and as rain that replenished streams and rivers. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">These rain goddesses can appear as fertility figures like African Mujaji, for farmers depend upon rain at appropriate times in order for crops to thrive and ripen. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In northern climes, the goddess of precipitation was associated with snow rather than rain, as evidenced by Siberian Asiaq and Eskimo Kadlu (see Circumpolar for both). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">One weather-related phenomenon typically associated with goddesses is the rain bow, which was in many lands seen as an airborne woman like the Greek Iris and Ochumare of the African diaspora. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Australia, the rainbow was a female serpent flung across the sky (see Julunggul and Kunapipi). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The same connection is found in the African diaspora, where Aida Wedo is both rainbow and serpent in Haiti. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Other lands also saw a connection between rain and snakes or dragons, as Korean Aryong Jong, ‘‘queen of the dragon palace, suggests. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Similarly, the clouds that give birth to rain are depicted as goddesses, such as Indian Abhramu and Greek Nephele. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The connection of such goddesses to water seems primary, so they may be seen in bodies of water such as lakes and rivers, as well as in falling rain. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">They can, as well, be associated with the oceans, as the Taiwanese goddess Ma-tsu attests. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She especially controlled the weather at sea, which impacted the fisherman who honored her (see China). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Latvia (see Baltic), Mjer-jema was honored as a weather goddess who con trolled the storms at sea and thus assured or spoiled good fishing. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Finland the god desses of air and weather ruled the healing arts (see Ismo). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html">~ Kiran Atma</a></b></span></p><p><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/p/goddess-symbolism.html"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>You can learn more about Goddess Symbolism here.</b></span></a></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><div><br /></div>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5979151747663163869.post-79672921023076890042022-11-19T06:07:00.001-08:002022-11-19T06:07:54.461-08:00Goddesses Of The Sky<p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The earths blue atmosphere rarely appears in mythology as divine, although the sky as an image of the upper world or heavens is found in many cultures, especially those that posit a multistory universe inhabited by different beings at different levels. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Although often gendered as masculine, the heavens also appear in female form, as with the Roman goddess Diana, originally a goddess of the open sky who was later limited to the moon, and Maori Mahora-nui-a-rangi (see Pacific Islands), a heavenly creatrix. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Such sky divinities can be connected with boundlessness (Indian Adıtı), because the sky seems to have no beginning nor ending. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Occasionally such goddesses represented the entire cosmos, earth and sky together (Eastern Mediterranean Tanit). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Because of the vastness of the sky, it was sometimes depicted as dual-sexed, as with African So (see Mawu), who was considered a goddess despite having a masculine aspect. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Although sky goddesses often have little personality and seem remote from human affections, the Egyptian sky goddess Nut was the mother to whom the dead returned and, as such, was painted across the inside lid of coffins, stretching out her starry body. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She was also a lusty goddess who had to be forcibly separated from her lover, the earth god. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The need to separate earth and sky, who remain otherwise in unending inter course, is a common mythic tale, although most of the sky divinities are male, the earth female. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The skys light, especially at dawn, was often pictured as a voluptuous and promis cuous goddess (Roman Aurora, Greek Eos, Indian Usas). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The lustful goddess is more typically pictured as the morning and evening star. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">However, the goddess as a creator of light, and as light itself, is found in many cultures. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some earth goddesses and divine ancestors appear as women who originally lived in the sky but descended to the earths surface, often because of love for an earthly man. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Thus African Nambi fled her sky home, bringing the food that humanity needed to survive down with her. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Andriambavirano of Madagascar (see Africa, Andriana) similarly became enamored of a human male, but her original descent was motivated by boredom and curiosity about the earth. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Finally, some figures are described as living in the sky but are not otherwise specifically associated with the heavens (see African Mbokomu and Nambi; Chinese Tai-hsu¨an Nu¨; Circumpolar Kadlu.) </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html">~ Kiran Atma</a></b></span></p><p><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/p/goddess-symbolism.html"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>You can learn more about Goddess Symbolism here.</b></span></a></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><div><br /></div>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5979151747663163869.post-88768326325405188512022-10-23T13:43:00.014-07:002022-11-18T03:03:02.316-08:00Goddess Worship In Italy<script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Article","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/10/goddess-worship-in-italy.html"},"headline":"Goddess Worship In Italy","description":"The spirit and inspiration of the Divine Female permeate the whole fabric of Italy, whether it is in a quiet city square or a bustling museum. Her obelisks in Rome's Saint Peter's Square at the Vatican symbolize the site of historic lyceums, or institutions for studying Goddess mysteries. Her statues are still present at Malta's megalithic temple complexes, which are located just south of Sicily.","image":"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbucjW1FqoCmJY12NP0wV7FqIgCinD2Sz4VazTXtXfeFo28yLJujqys402gHUAKLzpug-hXxUem1NbWTqKHVliJ01WC6gk0gdccM6AOpNvc3OBmn6IjWxUgZBtJagSqQUXbMQJvjm8D8VRrcNZ5fCmR1BCXgtuv0eGxBoHiDO1-Bka0iZTIrkQr81S/w400-h398/Goddess%20Minerva-KiranAtma-1.jpg","author":{"@type":"","name":"Kiran Atma","url":"https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/21197594.Kiran_Atma"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":""}},"datePublished":"2022-10-23","dateModified":"2022-10-23"}</script><div class="mbtTOC"> <span style="font-size: medium;"><button onclick="mbtToggle()">Table Of Contents</button> </span><ul id="mbtTOC"></ul> </div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbucjW1FqoCmJY12NP0wV7FqIgCinD2Sz4VazTXtXfeFo28yLJujqys402gHUAKLzpug-hXxUem1NbWTqKHVliJ01WC6gk0gdccM6AOpNvc3OBmn6IjWxUgZBtJagSqQUXbMQJvjm8D8VRrcNZ5fCmR1BCXgtuv0eGxBoHiDO1-Bka0iZTIrkQr81S/s769/Goddess%20Minerva-KiranAtma-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="763" data-original-width="769" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbucjW1FqoCmJY12NP0wV7FqIgCinD2Sz4VazTXtXfeFo28yLJujqys402gHUAKLzpug-hXxUem1NbWTqKHVliJ01WC6gk0gdccM6AOpNvc3OBmn6IjWxUgZBtJagSqQUXbMQJvjm8D8VRrcNZ5fCmR1BCXgtuv0eGxBoHiDO1-Bka0iZTIrkQr81S/w400-h398/Goddess%20Minerva-KiranAtma-1.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><span style="font-family: Baskervville;"><br /></span></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The spirit and inspiration of the Divine Female permeate the whole fabric of <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=Italy">Italy</a></b>, whether it is in a quiet city square or a bustling museum. Her obelisks in Rome's Saint Peter's Square at the <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=Vatican"><b>Vatican</b></a> symbolize the site of historic lyceums, or institutions for studying <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=Goddess+mysteries">Goddess mysteries</a></b>. Her statues are still present at Malta's megalithic temple complexes, which are located just south of <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=Sicily">Sicily</a></b>. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">You may discover sculptures, objects, and fabrics showing her from Paleolithic to modern times by entering the Louvre in Paris or museums in Turin, London, Naples, or Ankara. Amazing cave paintings from Lascaux, <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/07/goddess-worship-in-france.html">France</a>, from 15,000 BCE depict her. She may also be seen in palm-sized items that are touching, like the <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-venus.html"><b>Venus </b></a>of Willendorf (25,000 BCE), which was discovered in Austria. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><h3 style="font-family: Baskervville;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">In Ostia Antica, there is a temple or sacellum called <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2021/08/goddess-bellona.html">Bellona</a> that is devoted to the Italic goddess Bellona, who may have been combined with Magna Mater.</span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The deep beauty and spirit of the Goddess continue to inspire and be suggested by tapestries like La Dame a la Licorne, The Lady and the Unicorn, which is housed at the Cluny Museum in France. The adventurous pilgrim traveling to holy places throughout Europe will encounter all of this. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goddess Worship In Pompeii.</span></h2><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The partly discovered city of Pompeii, which was left behind when Mount Vesuvius erupted in 79 CE, offers a rare window into a history that has been frozen in time. Travelers may still read graffiti and ads on walls and floors in Pompeii, as well as enjoy mosaic tile flooring and look out for carriage wheel ruts on the stone pavement. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">One might imagine hearing and smelling the activity of long ago. In addition to stadiums, brothels, temples, and private residences, there are villas to discover. Even some of the impoverished people's bodies who perished in the volcanic explosion have been preserved for interested people to see. One of the most well-preserved buildings in this enormous metropolis is the Temple of <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-isis-or-auset.html">Isis</a>, which stands out as the ideal illustration of Isis worship as it developed outside of Egypt and into the Greco-Roman world. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">All around the Mediterranean area and Asia Minor, immigrants, sailors, warriors, merchants, and her priesthood of men and women sung Isis' praises. She mixed with the native deities in various other nations. In reality, the worship of Isis was once fiercely competitive with that of other mystery religions, including the cult of Mithras and young Christianity, due to her popularity across the known globe. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">If Western civilization might have evolved on a matriarchal foundation, Isis "may have been too tenacious a mistress to dethrone," claims R. E. Witt in Isis in the Ancient World. Some elements of Isis worship did alter as it spread outside of Egypt. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Instead of the exotic and green-hued <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=Osiris">Osiris</a></b>, <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=Isis+"><b>Isis </b></a>was now married to the Ptolemaic hybrid deity <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=Serapis">Serapis</a></b>. Serapis was an Egyptian version of Osiris-Apis that was Hellenized, avoiding the animal head representations of Egypt that the Greeks and Romans misunderstood. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">They were unaware that the powers of the animals they mirrored were inherent in these deities. Harpocrates, <b><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/search?q=Anubis">Anubis</a></b>, and <a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/search?q=Horus+">Horus </a>all traveled with Isis when she left Egypt. (In the Vatican Museum, there is an intriguing statue of a Hellenized Anubis that evokes images of Scooby Do.) </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Isis sometimes had her own temple or often shared a temple with a local goddess, although many other ancient <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=Egyptian+goddesses+">Egyptian goddesses </a></b>were becoming less popular in many nations. In certain cases, like with her sanctuary at Delos, her temple was not centrally positioned but rather was situated on the outside of the city in a zone designated for foreign deities. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">However, this was not the situation in Pompeii, a significant Roman city close to the port of Ostia, where grain from Egypt often came to feed Rome. Here, on great real land, was the Isis temple. Isis was immensely popular among the Roman aristocracy, and the city of Pompeii and many of its citizens' lives revolved around her temple. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Processions were a ceremonial component of Isis worship in Pompeii that may have originated in Egyptian ritual. It is difficult to determine where the tradition originated since we know Mesopotamia also used ceremonial processions. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The massive temple estates constructed in the Egyptian style, however, have vanished, even at Pompeii. Iseums, or temples to Isis on foreign country, were more humble but nevertheless followed many Egyptian customs. They were a subterranean crypt under the surface-level temple building. The crypt was used for rituals, ceremonies, and storage. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Nilometer was vital in Egyptian temples because it assessed the life giving water level of the Nile upon which life, fertility, and wealth relied. It was still in use in Pompeii but had been changed to become a more symbolic object. Evidence suggests that several iseums and mansions of the Isian priests, such the one belonged to Loreius Tiburtinus, were built with permanent water channels that may represent the Nile flood waters spilling. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The usage of holy ritual pitchers and situlas, or sacred pails, may be seen in murals of processions and scenes on temple walls, even if adherents of the faith outside of Egypt progressively lost touch with the ancient meaning of Nile water. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">These probably held Nile water that was transported or utilized in rituals; this would be a more practical method to include the Nile's customary significance during Egyptian worship while distant from the real source. Even though Isis' temple was modest by the standards of a normal contemporary Christian church, it was prominently situated next to a theater, the Forum, and the temple of Asclepius and Neptune in the public square at Pompeii. The temple was located in the middle of the compound's holy quadrangle. There were a number of round columns at ground level in front of the temple. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">There were three additional round columns to the left and right before entering the pronaos, or front hall, which was a little under 98 square feet (30 sq. m) in size as one ascended the seven stairs to the temple proper. The inner chapel, or cella, which was located behind the pronaos, included two pedestals for sculptures of Isis and Serapis. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The whole structure was covered with paintings that included images of Isis and Io, ritual practitioners, priests, floral trellises, the mummy of Osiris, Anubis, Isis wearing an ankh, Perseus rescuing Andromeda, Mars, and Venus. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">There were several altars and niches as well. The Purgatorium, where the Nile water was kept, was located on ground level only a few meters from the temple. There was a subterranean Megaron or tomb below this, perhaps used for initiations. The Isian priesthood's quarters and the initiates' gathering place were at the back of the temple. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to fresco paintings, men and women had equal status in the Isis priesthood. Priests were shown wielding the sistrum, or ancient rattle, and the caduceus, while the priestess was clutching a baton. Both priests and priestesses are shown carrying out religious obligations. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A cake-carrying priestess with a snake on her head is engraved on a cup, while the priest is seen holding a censer. A other goblet depicts the priestess wielding a sistrum and situla while encircled by a snake. Hydeion, a long-spouted pitcher often used to transport water from the Nile, is being carried by the priest. Stories of other gods and goddesses did not get outside of Egypt as the worship of Isis increased. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The story of Isis and Osiris persisted outside of Egypt, and via more widely celebrated Isian festivals, the general population was educated about Egyptian practices. One such open-to-the-public event was the Ploiaphesia, also known as the Isidis Navigium or Sailing of the Ship of Isis, which took place on March 5 every year. Although it started in Egypt, this holiday was also celebrated in cities like Pompeii. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This signaled the start of the sailing season. Large segments of the society, including the Isis priests, took part in the ceremonial procession. Isis, the goddess of the sea, was called upon to provide the sailors and merchants safe passage over the oceans, trade with friendly nations, and return home with the supplies they needed for everyday living.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"> The ceremonial ship, known as the Ship of Isis, was sent out to sea as an offering to the Goddess in Pompeii, as in other locations honoring this event, after being laden with gifts and prayers. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">At the beginning of the third century CE, Isis worship peaked. Secret rituals, regular services, and several festivals open to everybody were all part of the cult's secrets. She was revered as a goddess of knowledge who had magical abilities and understanding of the secrets of life and death. As shown by the following inscription from Capua, Una quae es omnia, dea Isis, or "Thou who, being one, art all, Goddess Isis," she came to be seen as the one Goddess by many, broadening the more original Egyptian notion of a transcendent monotheism. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The worship of Isis in Pompeii gradually and firmly gained hold of the aristocracy until it became the city's semi-official religion, while the cult of Isis developed among the slaves and families of freed men hired by the great mansions of the affluent. In homage to Isis, Roman emperors had sculptures made of themselves dressed in Egyptian garb. Daughters of regular people and prominent government figures dedicated their life to Isis as priestesses. Rich people honored her with shrines in their gardens. We know this because Pompeii was astonishingly well preserved for more than 1,700 years after Mount Vesuvius' explosion on August 24, 79 CE. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Modern archaeologists excavating the ruins came upon an almost flawlessly preserved window into a historical event. Numerous Goddesses and Divine Feminine temples may be found throughout the enormous metropolis of Pompeii. The Temple of Venus, Temple of <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/04/goddess-fortuna.html">Fortuna</a>, and Villa of Mysteries have all undergone excellent restorations. Numerous bright frescoes provide a sense of the creativity and vibrancy of those early times. The bordellos are also fascinating, however there are a lot of depressing small cubicles and phallus symbols that symbolize fertility to be found there. </span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">How to reach Pompeii. </span></h2><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The contemporary and welcoming city of Pompei lies next to the ancient city of Pompeii, which is best accessed via a guided trip. However, if one is prepared for the bother of navigating the Italian railroad system, one may also take the public train. The Pompeii-Villa dei Misteri station on the Circumvesuviana is roughly a 30-minute journey from Naples. You are dropped off outside the site's western entrance. The Circumvesuviana to Pompei-Santuario station, which is located at the eastern entrance to the sites, is another option. Daily trains and tours regularly depart from Rome for Pompei; the sight deserves a full day. The facility has a great café where you may get lunch or a refreshing beverage, and the toilets are maintained spotless. Bring a hat, sunscreen, and a guidebook. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goddess Worship In Rome.</span></h2><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"> It would be hard to choose just one place to worship the goddess throughout the whole city of Rome. How are you going to stop at one? You really can't. Readers will profit from the author's passion for all the locations that are going to be highlighted since so many places scream "Goddess." As tourists discover more than ten attractions in one, prepare to get a little something extra, or lagniappe, as they say in New Orleans! </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Get on board as the bus leaves for a tour of Rome's holy places to the goddess! Starting point: Palatine Hill. The Palatine Hill, next to the Colosseum, previously housed affluent houses in ancient Rome.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The English word "palace" is sprung from the word palatine. There is a lot of history on the Palatine Hill. Roman historians claim that the Emperor Caligula was stabbed here, for example. The Sibyls' decrees that Rome would not be victorious against Hannibal until the <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/02/who-is-goddess-cybele.html">Cybele </a></b>meteorite reached the city led to the construction of the Temple of Cybele, which was consecrated here in 191 BCE. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Roman populace delighted in the experience of wild and bizarre celebrations in honor of Cybele when she arrived at Palatine Hill and caused Hannibal to lose. In the years that followed, Rome's conservatives condemned the wild festivals honoring both Cybele and Attis. According to certain ancient authors, the Sibylline On the hill, there were prophetic books, but they were destroyed by fire. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The renowned playwrights Terence and Plautus debuted several of their most well-known comedies on a wooden stage set up in front of the Temple of Cybele during the yearly theatrical games. Located south of the Farnese Gardens and immediately west of the House of "Livia," this shrine to the Great Mother still has its tufa platform standing. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The hill is also graced with the foundation of temple stones dedicated to Victory and Victoria Virgo ("Maiden Victory"). The shrine formerly had magnificent flooring made of red and white breccia rosa, pink-grey Chian marble, and black slate, as well as tall, thin Corinthian columns.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A throne in the middle, reclining people holding tympana, and cats on each corner of the triangle made up the pediment's decoration. A headless goddess who had originally been flanked by lions was one among the discoveries at the site. Under the foundation of this temple complex, a tunnel led to the historic Street of Victory. Tertullian (160–225 CE) said that the Magna Mater sanctuary was also located in the center of the renowned Circus Maximus, just below the southern brow of Palatine Hill. An enormous statue of <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/04/goddess-diana.html">Diana</a> on the spina of this circus, dressed in a mural crown, riding sidesaddle, and flanked by lions, is shown on ancient coins. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Palatine Hill is a maze-like complex of ruins honoring several gods and goddesses. The Basilica or Aula of <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-isis-or-auset.html">Isis </a></b>and a <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-venus.html">Venus </a></b>Temple may also be found on Palatine Hill. Simply carry a map, since the location is not well-marked and the personnel is not very helpful. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Roman Forum is located across the street from Palatine Hill and has several partially preserved Goddess temples, including the Temples of Venus, Vesta, and the House of the Vestals. <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-vesta.html">Vesta </a></b>might be thought as as Rome's divine soul or the vital feminine flame. Since 575 BCE, votive gifts have been made to Vesta, <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=Goddess+of+the+Hearth">Goddess of the Hearth</a></b>. The once circular building is said to be a representation of a prehistoric Latin hut where princesses of prehistoric tribes maintained the tribe's fire. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The embers of Her temple in Troy were said to have ignited the flames of the Roman Temple of Vesta in antiquity. For one hundred years, temple vestal priestesses were responsible for maintaining the flames of Rome. The Seven Holy of Holies of Rome were safeguarded and maintained by the vestal priestesses. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The ashes of Orestes, a needle used by the Mother of Gods, the shields of Salii, the 12 Leaping Priests of Mars, the scepter of Priam, and the veil of Ilione were among these holy relics. The Palladium, a wooden statue of Pallas <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-minerva-or-menrva.html">Athena </a></b>that was thought to have fallen from heaven and been brought to Rome from Troy, was another. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Romans believed that the city would suffer if the fires weren't kept going or these artifacts weren't protected. Failure to do these chores may result in flogging, exile, or even death as a punishment. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Although the word "<a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=virgin"><b>virgin</b></a>" goddess is often used to describe an unmarried female who is autonomous and unto herself rather than a chaste condition, virginity was a literal necessity for Vestal Virgins. "Nor will it be said that under (the emperor's) leadership any priestess violated her sacred fillets, and none shall be buried alive in the ground. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It is thus that an unchaste (Vesta) perishes because that (Earth) which she violated, in that earth she is interred; and indeed Earth and Vesta are the same deity," wrote the ancient writer Ovid of the punishment for a Vestal Virgin who lost her virginity: " Roman society's value of chastity is explained by scholar Miriam Robbins Dexter. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Chastity was regarded as unchangeable, though they did allow for parthenogenesis, or childbirth through a mother without male involvement. It was the duty of chaste Vestal Virgins to channel their divine energy for the benefit of Rome since they were a reservoir of untapped potential, similar to a charged battery. If a woman was neither virginal nor married, Dexter writes, "she constituted an independent challenge to the patriarchal, patrilinear system. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Rome, like in other male-dominated communities, any woman who asserted her own sexual identity was despised and dreaded. Two still-standing temples to the <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=Feminine+Divine">Feminine Divine</a></b>, the Temples of Vesta and Fortuna, can be found off the beaten path as you move from the Forum toward the Tiber River. The <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=Goddess+of+Destiny">Goddess of Destiny</a></b>, <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/04/goddess-fortuna.html">Fortuna</a></b>, who is sometimes confused with Isis, is worshipped in a temple that resembles a miniature Parthenon only a few yards from the circular Temple of Vesta. These two Goddess temples in Rome are among the best preserved. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The circular temple, which was surrounded by Corinthian columns, was only preserved because it was transformed into a church in 1132 CE and given the name "Saint Stephen of the Carriages." The basilica where nuns used to distribute food to the needy is the Church of Santa Maria in Cosmedin, which is located across the street. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Since the eighth century, the church has been connected to the Greek community in Rome, and the name "Cosmedin" may be a reference to the city of "Constantinople." This building formerly served as a temple for the Roman goddess <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2021/08/goddess-ceres.html">Ceres</a>, who gave us the term "cereal." Goddess enthusiasts claim that the church, which is said to have a subterranean passageway going to the Temple of Vesta across the street, emanates a noticeable "Goddess energy" that makes it seem cozy, secure, and almost like stepping inside a real <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-sheela-na-gig.html">Sheila-na-Gig</a></b>, or womb.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The clean and basic architectural lines of this basilica suggest a mysterious, "out-of-the-way" vibe, almost as if this site was a neglected step-child of the Church, because it lacks the gold plating and crowded façade that often clutter many Christian churches in Europe. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Large chandeliers with candle holders hang from the ceiling, and the walls are practically bare but for a few faded flower paintings. The noises and hectic energies of the city are believed to vanish as one enters this church's calm, dark, silence, and one may feel the Goddess' presence. Sacred geometry-like symbols are visible in the church's floor design, and some people also perceive the four basic elements and the spirit. An depiction of what looks to be wheat, representing the goddess Ceres, may be seen behind the main altar. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">On April 19, the day of her festival, the Cerealia, she was worshipped in Rome. The Circus Maximus, which is close to Palatine Hill, also hosted celebrations for her. Rufus and Lawson claim that it seems like a portion of the old Ceres temple is still there in the church, but hidden from view. San Nicola in Carcere, which is situated right across from Tiber Island and not far from Santa Maria in Cosmedin, is definitely worth a visit if travelers have the time. On the site of the <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-juno.html">Juno</a> Sospita temple lies this 11th-century church (the Savior). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">On the south side of the temple from the first century BCE, seven of the original columns still stand, together with a portion of the entablature above them. The ancient pedestal, where Juno Sospita was hailed as a warrior goddess, is in superb shape. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Temple of Juno Regina was the most well-known sanctuary devoted to Goddess in Rome, roughly located where Santa Sabina is now (as confirmed by two dedicatory inscriptions found nearby). The antique wooden statue was transferred to this location on Aventine Hill by the Roman ruler Furius Camillus after the fall of the last Etruscan fortress of Veii in 396 BCE. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Two sculptures of Juno Regina made of <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/07/goddess-worship-in-france.html">cypress</a> wood were were erected at the temple in 207 BCE. Juno Regina is often seen next to Jupiter on coins, wielding a long scepter and patera. She typically appears as a queen with a veil, a diadem, and a peacock at her side. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The majority of her gifts were made by women, including a bronze figure and a golden bowl in 218 BCE (in 207 BCE). Her direct affiliation with Diana, the Goddess of the Moon and Hunt, which was undoubtedly inspired by her Etruscan origins, was peculiar to Juno Regina on the Aventine hill. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Because of this, Diana was transformed into Juno's hostess and the goddess in charge of the asylum (a role that was alien to the Latin Diana but not to the Diana/Artemis of Asia Minor). Meanwhile, Juno herself becomes a rescuer and a protector via this relationship. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The little Santa Sabina Church was built here in 422 CE, but the majority of magnificent basilica, with its lovely white Corinthian columns along the nave, is from the ninth century. In the 13th century, the church was taken over by the Dominicans. Without seeing Santa Maria Maggiore, the magnificent church honoring Mary as the "Mother of God," no journey to Rome is complete.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Legend has it that the Virgin Mary visited Pope Liberius and told him to erect a church exactly where he saw a spot of snow the following day. It was considered a wonder when he discovered snow at the top of the Esquiline Hill the next morning (August 5th), given that Rome was now going through one of their normal scorching summers. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Each year, thousands of white petals are released from the church's roof to "snow" on the waiting crowd as a way of remembering this occasion. These were were rose petals, but they are now often dahlia petals. Pope Sixtus III (reigned from 431-440 CE) erected a new basilica there after the church council in Ephesus in 431, during which Mary was acknowledged as bearing God (theotokos). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This basilica dates back to the fifth century and has a triple nave. The Virgin Mary is the subject of the majority of the mosaics in the apse, which were created by Jacopo Toritti circa 1295. His obsession with natural themes—birds nesting, flowers blooming, animals crawling, and an abundance of lush vegetation—is peculiar. A medallion showing the Coronation of Mary by Christ amid a canopy of golden stars sits in the middle of this cornucopia of natural beauty. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Temple of Juno <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-lucina.html">Lucina</a> was located on the minor Cispian Hill, just to the north of Santa Maria Maggiore on the Esquiline Hill. At once a holy forest, the precinct ultimately acquired a temple consecrated in 375 BCE. Two old lotus trees that were in the gardens before the temple, according to Pliny the Elder, were revered there. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Feast of the Matronalia was observed here on March 1st. On this day, all wives were expected to receive gifts from their husbands. Although Juno Lucina was strongly linked to a birth cult, nothing more is known about her. Some even believe that Hallmark invented Mother's Day! </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Church of Santa Maria in Aracoli, which is located on a historic location that was formerly a temple to Juno Moneta and Cybele, has several goddess emblems. On the marble floor is a bull (associated with Osiris and Adonis) crowned with a star, and three bees are depicted in stained glass high up on the church's entrance wall. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Bees were connected to Cybele, <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-persephone.html">Persephone</a></b>, <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/04/goddess-demeter.html">Demeter</a></b>, and <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2021/07/goddess-artemis.html">Artemis</a></b>, and the number three was considered sacred. <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/04/goddess-demeter.html">Demeter</a>'s priestesses were also referred to as melissae, or bees. During the Roman ruler Furius Camillus's battle with Aurunci in 345 BCE, he made a promise to erect the Temple of Juno Moneta in her honor. It was finally completed the following year on June 1st. In 273 BCE, a mint was erected within the temple, hence the epithet "Moneta." </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The future Roman Emperor Octavian, also known as Augustus, is said to have seen an appearance of a "beautiful lady" here who requested that he construct a shrine for her, according to Anneli Rufus and Kristan Lawson. And the rest is history, as he did. Later on, Augustus had unparalleled success and power. Even though the vision occurred prior to the birth of Jesus, the Church later asserted that the woman he saw was the Virgin Mary. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A chapel dedicated to the Christ child is located within the church. On the altar, there are cards and letters from devoted people pleading for their requests to be granted. Goddess worshipers who enter the church believe that the Christ is Horus, the son of Isis, or a young Attis, the son of Cybele, who once had a temple here. In the late 13th century, the entire church façade was rebuilt, and in 1348, the grand steps in front of the basilica were constructed as a gesture of thanks for averting a terrible plague. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">There are 22 antique columns on each side of the nave, some of which were carved from Aswan granite. The renowned graded ramp going up to the Piazza del Campidoglio, located at the top of the old Capitoline Hill and previously dominated by a large temple devoted to Jupiter, is located just to the south of the stairs leading to the Church of Santa Maria in Aracoli. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Two black granite crouching lions that stand up at the foot of this ramp from the sixteenth century are of great importance. The two lions were brought to Rome by the emperor Domitian (81-96 CE) to be used as decorations for the Temple of Isis on the Field of Mars. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">They were originally from Egypt and may date to the 4th or 3rd century BCE. Both the ordinary people and the aristocracy in Rome maintained a fervent devotion to the Egyptian goddess Isis. She was so admired that there was some debate as to whether the Isian faith or Christianity would become the dominant religion for a while. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Several factors contributed to Isis' appeal. Her success was mostly due to her accessibility, but her Egyptian riddles also promised immortality beyond death. Instead of being seen as a hostile and distant masculine deity, her attributes as a strong mother and wife who had experienced adversity in her life alongside those of her devotees led her followers to think that she would empathize with them and hear their pleas. Emperor Domitian, who constructed Isis temples and shrines in and around Rome, was a significant Isis admirer. In about the location of the present-day Piazza del Collegio Romano, Domitian constructed an Iseum of Isis because he was preoccupied with his own afterlife disposition. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Three obelisks from the Iseum Campestre, which was once as significant as Saint Peter's Basilica, may be seen at Piazza della Rotunda in front of the Pantheon, Piazza Navona, and Piazza della <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-minerva-or-menrva.html">Minerva</a> on top of an elephant. In the Piazza della Minerva, an obelisk on an elephant dates back to the year 6 BCE. Interestingly, a Christian cross is perched atop every obelisk, including the one in Saint Peter's Square in the Vatican. Since there is no official explanation for the placement of these crosses, some have speculated that it represents Christianity's ambition to symbolically dominate paganism. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">There is still an Iseum Campestre of Isis and a Temple of Minerva beneath the Santa Maria Sopra Minerva and Saint Ignazio churches. Ironically, this Mary-focused church still uses the name of the goddess who was once worshipped there. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Domitian reconstructed the Temple of Isis after the fire of 80 CE, and it is said that Alexander Severus magnificently decorated it with sculptures. The Temple of Isis once stood where the Jesuit Saint Ignazio currently stands (222-235 CE). Four Corinthian columns supported a facade of stairs leading up to the main entrance, which was topped by a deep lunate pediment with a statue of Isis Sothis perched on a dog that was running to the right. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A standing figure of Isis may be seen within the inner shrine. The Serapeum, or Temple of Serapis, her spouse, stood near by and was situated immediately beyond a wide gateway split into bays by three columns. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Serapeum was a distinct structure that was rectangular in design and had grand entrances along the square where the Temple of Minerva had stood. The Serapis temple's hallowed area was referred as as the libertines' hangout. A huge marble foot may be seen near the intersection of Via S. Stefano del Cacco to the right of the church if one makes a small detour along Via del Pie' di Marmo. It is believed that this sandaled foot belonged to the adjacent Iseum or Serapeum and may have even belonged to Serapis.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Isis religion was well-established in Rome by the reign of Caligula, despite efforts to suppress it by earlier rulers including Augustus, Agrippa, and Tiberius. Although it is difficult to confirm, Tiberius is said to have taken a picture of Isis and thrown it into the Tiber River. Isis rose to become a worldwide deity revered by those who cherished their Mistress of Magic and Wisdom and were seen as their rescuer. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Te Isis, te salus ad tuos, which translates to "Thou Isis, thou art salvation to thy followers," was written on a graffito from an Isian shrine in Rome. A sensation of Isis' scarlet chord of life linking them to the web of life and her devotion, past and present, close and distant, is reported by modern Isis devotees who travel the same winding stone alleys that ancient devotees did centuries before. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Vatican Museum should not be missed because of all the rumors and gossip regarding what could be kept in the vaults. Goddess artifacts are so numerous and diverse that they are almost as delicious as going to the Louvre in Paris. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The tourist will find hundreds of sculptures of Asian, Greek, and Roman goddesses as well as paintings in the Borgia Apartments dedicated to the Goddess Isis. Particularly lovely is the Egyptian exhibit, which has one-of-a-kind statues not present in other museums. <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-sekhmet.html">Sekhmet </a>sculptures in a seated position may be seen in outdoor gardens and carelessly positioned in front of gift stores. </span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">How to Get to the Goddess Sites in Rome. </span></h2><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It's simple to get about Rome. Non-tourists may use the subway, which makes stops at important landmarks and popular tourist attractions, many of which were previously mentioned. For instance, the Coliseum station makes it simple to reach Palatine Hill and the Roman Forum. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">With the right footwear and a decent map, pilgrims may easily navigate the city on foot. Keep an eye out for pickpockets. It is advised that travelers allot a whole day to the Forum, Palatine Hill, as well as the close-by Temples of Vesta, Fortuna, and the Church of Santa Maria in Cosmedin, all of which are accessible on foot. A whole day is also easily need to see the Vatican Museum. The historic city of Ostia Antica, Tivoli Gardens, and the Villa of Hadrian are a few quick and advised day trips outside of Rome if time permits. All three have links to goddesses.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html"><b>~Kiran Atma</b></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/p/roman-goddess.html">You may also want to discover and learn more about Female Divinities of the Roman empire here.</a></b></span><br /><div><span style="color: #ffa400; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><script>mbtTOC();</script>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5979151747663163869.post-6976911382482234982022-10-19T13:06:00.024-07:002022-10-28T13:49:49.794-07:00Goddess Worship In Ireland<div class="mbtTOC"> <button onclick="mbtToggle()">Table Of Contents</button> <ul id="mbtTOC"></ul> </div><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJIrqrL1LYXCHrMZrcF5DcNhmvguYTnDPNDRckD4vQOZKnkkng58FwyUlmuOcytYlO7bzhmjMoAHkz6mzW8Lfprc5h6HMfQuibc8jBn4Kb-O1H1CchfLc5qGzCq4kV8oA3Sa0ZWfBluGU2XUctbGX8-qMDAFS6UtsGup31MIN61vn6nkAcT6D843vx/s500/Goddess%20Sheela%20Na%20Gig-KiranAtma-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="375" data-original-width="500" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJIrqrL1LYXCHrMZrcF5DcNhmvguYTnDPNDRckD4vQOZKnkkng58FwyUlmuOcytYlO7bzhmjMoAHkz6mzW8Lfprc5h6HMfQuibc8jBn4Kb-O1H1CchfLc5qGzCq4kV8oA3Sa0ZWfBluGU2XUctbGX8-qMDAFS6UtsGup31MIN61vn6nkAcT6D843vx/w400-h300/Goddess%20Sheela%20Na%20Gig-KiranAtma-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></p><h2><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">How Prevalent Was Goddess Worship In Ireland?</span></h2><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Ireland has a long association with Goddess and water because to the fact that it is a nation entirely surrounded by the ocean. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goddess' nutritious milk flows swiftly in springs, wells, lakes, and rivers, and it is no accident that civilizations first encountered her and flourished close to these water-rich areas. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">To dwell near water meant to live close to the Giver of Life, where her secrets were accessible, as shown by <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2021/08/goddess-brigid.html">Brigid</a>'s holy wells in Ireland</b>, Sequana's Seine River in <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/07/goddess-worship-in-france.html">France</a>, and <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-persephone.html">Persephone</a>'s Lake Pergusa in Sicily. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The healing waters that flow from the holy locations where Goddess has manifested in her many forms are still being collected by devotees. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Examples include <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2021/07/goddess-artemis.html">Artemis</a>' epiphanies in Ephesus and the Mother Mary's apparitions at Lourdes and Knock. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Both Chalice Well at Glastonbury and <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-sulis.html">Sulis</a> <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-minerva-or-menrva.html">Minerva</a>'s spring in Bath, <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/07/goddess-worship-in-england.html">England</a>, flow in a tint of crimson suggestive of the Mother's holy life-giving blood. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Many English communities still choose to honor the hallowed waters with rituals known as "well dressings" that pay homage to their ancestors' pagan traditions. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goddess as water is personified in some of these holy locations. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goddess Worship At Castle Clonegal. </span></h2><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">There is no museum, relic, or ruin to be found in the Temple of <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-isis-or-auset.html">Isis </a>at the 17th-century castle in Clonegal, Ireland. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In a maze-like maze of rooms under the castle, there is a functioning temple perched over a holy well. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The international group The Fellowship of Isis calls Clonegal Castle home, and rituals and rites are still performed there. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Under the direction of Lady Olivia Robertson, a 90-year-old founder of the group, they revere the Goddess in all of her manifestations. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In the middle of the 1970s, Lady Olivia, Lawrence Durdin-Robertson, and Pamela Robertson, his wife, formed the temple and organization. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In other regions of the globe, other leaders expanding the knowledge of goddess spirituality were also becoming more visible at this time. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Even when it was unfashionable for a woman to be a rebel, Lady O, as some of the Fellowship of Isis members refer to her, has always been a liberal and open-minded thinker. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She started researching esoteric sciences while still a popular author in the 1950s in order to use her innate psychic abilities. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She had always seen ghosts and angels, but in 1976, she had a vision of the goddess Isis, which surprised and perplexed her. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Despite the fact that her cousin Robert Graves (author of The White Goddess) was not well respected in the family or in what was considered "proper society" at the time, she was able to relate to their beliefs. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Scota, also known as "the black one," was an Egyptian Priestess of Isis and the daughter of the Pharaoh Cincris. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to Lady Olivia and Lawrence, Scota was also a hereditary Daughter of Isis. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Following Olivia's encounter with the Goddess Isis in the middle of the 1970s, Pamela, Lawrence, and Olivia made the decision to convert their family castle, Clonegal Castle, into the headquarters of the Fellowship of Isis. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Fellowship is prospering, with more than 20,000 members worldwide as of the time of this writing, despite the passing of Lawrence and Pamela. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Noble Order of Tara was established by the Fellowship of Isis, or FOI, in 1990. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Its members were committed to promoting environmental causes. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">They have other environmentally conscious initiatives going on and have been crucial in stopping strip mining on Mount Leinster. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Druid Clan of <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/04/goddess-dana-or-danu.html">Dana</a>, named after the Irish Mother Goddess, was established in 1992 and is committed to the secrets of the Druids. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>They arranged the 1993 Druid Convention in London via their publication, Aisling, which participates in the Council of British Druid Orders. </b></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A second Goddess-oriented group, the Fellowship of Isis, was one of two that attended the Chicago-based World Parliament of Religions in 1993. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Fellowship reveres all Goddesses, so why does Lady Olivia seem to connect with Isis the most? Isis is the global Goddess, the Isis of Ten Thousand Names, in her own words. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Demeter, <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-lakshmi.html">Lakshmi</a>, Kwan Yin, Dana, <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-ngame.html">Ngame</a>, and Mary are all mentioned by her. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As most Neo-Pagans could concur, Mary of the Christian faith was Isis to Lady Olivia. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">After Osiris' resurrection, Christ was both Osiris and Horus. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>In Lady O's opinion, the Goddess Isis is physically and spiritually appearing at this moment of universal change and the birth of the Feminine Divine. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As they return to the "old ways," millions of people all around the world claim to hear the Goddess calling. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">These followers of the Divine Feminine believe that unless we once again value women and the Divine Feminine, the ecological, spiritual, and technical destruction brought about by a patriarchal society would eventually result in disaster. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goddess spiritualists believe that Mother Nature's ultimate goal is to reestablish love and peace amongst all living things so that everyone may nurture and benefit from a healthy, bountiful way of existence. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The main sanctuary, naïve, Chapel of Brigid, and shrines honoring the twelve signs of the Zodiac are among the 26 shrines that make up the castle temple. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This is an illustration of what one would see when entering the shrines, but they do vary from time to time. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Devotees enter in procession through elaborately carved doors at the sound of a gong, and the Egyptian deity Thoth, protector of the secrets, stands directly in front of them. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A landing is reached by way of stone stairs. </span><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: large;">Goddess symbolism are seen everywhere. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">There is a plaque with a picture of Jesus that is surrounded by further art that shows the Divine Feminine. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The main temple area, which is to the left, would be surrounded by sculptures of goddesses. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">An iron gate leading to the historic castle well stands in front of you. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A large Tibetan bell that is used to signal entry into the Temple is located to the left of the gate. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The temple's interior, which is made of granite, measures 79 by 40 feet (24 by 12 meters). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">There is a sizable sanctuary there, as well as nine stone pillars arranged in a row. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The sanctuary is surrounded by a short brick wall and two brick pillars that stand before the High Altar. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The clergy offer invocations on a modest elevated stone dais before the High Altar. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The High Altar of Isis serves as the main altar for all temple ceremonies. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The Fellowship of Isis commissioned gifted woodworker David Robertson, son of Lawrence and nephew of Olivia, to carve Isis of 10,000 Names as its centerpiece. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">There are five primary chapels, each with characteristics of an element. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The historic Druidic well, which is 17 feet (5 meters) deep and known for its therapeutic virtues, is located within the Chapel of Brigid. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Holy of Holies, also called the Chapel of <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-ishtar.html">Ishtar </a>and devoted to the fifth element, Spirit, is reached via carved doors from Brigid's chapel. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Daily rituals and meditation are conducted at the temple as Lady Olivia assists in healing and attunes with members all across the globe. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The castle is situated next to a holy grove of trees in Ireland's stunning and verdant landscape. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The Fellowship of Isis, whose goal is to restore the Goddess to the world by whatever ways the Divine Feminine sees suitable, is still hard at work. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Rituals often include theatrical acts that impart knowledge of eternal secrets. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">From a small group of three, the FOI's vision and goal have expanded to become a means for thousands of people to recognize and adore Goddess. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">#How to reach Clonegal Castle. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Southeast Ireland's little town of Clonegal is home to Clonegal Castle. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Invitations are required for rituals. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Drop-in visits are not seen as appropriate manners, thus detailed instructions to the castle won't be given here. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Please contact Lady Olivia Robertson, Fellowship of Isis, Clonegal Castle, Enniscorthy, Ireland, if you would like further information on visiting Clonegal Castle. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The FOI operates lyceums and institutes both domestically and abroad. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">On the Fellowship of Isis website, one may obtain details on the closest FOI chapter. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The FOI sells books and rituals that Lady Olivia has written in print and on audiotape, along with correspondence courses, a newsletter, and other products. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goddess Worship At Kildare.</span></h2><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">While it is exceedingly impossible to visit conservative, Christian Ireland without physically running across manifestations of the Goddess, travelers may experience at least four different facets of the Divine Feminine in Kildare. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goddess-seekers may locate a Sheila-na-Gig, a Brigid-related holy well, a Brigid-related fire sanctuary, and the Brigidine Sisters known as the Sisters of the Solas Bride (pronounced breed). </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Similar to Athena and the Roman <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-vesta.html">Vesta</a>l Virgins, Celtic Brigid belongs to the category of Virgin Goddess (See Rome and Athens). </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She is revered as a triple goddess and is the protector of smiths, healers, and poets. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As seen by her hallowed well and fire sanctuary in Kildare, Brigid is also a creative source of energy in her qualities of flowing water and blazing fire. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Interestingly, steam is created when water and fire come together; this is undoubtedly another source of unending strength and energy. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Her fire melts the smith's metal, and the water cools it to form the tools that will save humanity. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She has observable ties to her Neolithic origins via her affiliation with the benevolent female snake known as "the queen." Later, she became a part of Celtic Christianity and was elevated to sainthood as Brigid the virgin nun. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Because of this relationship, Brigid the Saint and Brigid the Goddess are revered as one by the Brigidine Sisters of Ireland, also known as Solas Bride. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The flame of Brigid is maintained by current nuns who continue the old custom. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Visitors may see the flame and take it home with them from their sacred location. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This is accomplished by lighting a candle from the Solas Bride's eternal flame and then passing the symbolic flame from one candle to another, wick to wick. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Miriam Robbins Dexter cites Geraldus Cambrensis in relation to the eternal flame of the Goddess and claims that the rivers Brigid in Ireland, Braint in Wales, and Brent in England were all given their names in honor of Brigid or Bride. </span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The final nun remarked to Brigid on the twentieth night, "Brigid, I have cared for your fire... </span><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: large;">and so, the fire having been abandoned... </span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">it was discovered again, unextinguished." At the time of Brigid, twenty nuns were employed here to serve a master as a soldier, with she herself being the twentieth. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Brigid is described as "the female sage" and "Brigit the goddess, whom poets worshiped because her protective care over them was very great and extremely renowned" in Archbishop Cormac Mac Cullenan's Cormac's Glossary, written in 908 CE. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Brigid "originated at an era when the Celts worshipped goddesses rather than gods, and when knowledge – leechcraft, husbandry, inspiration — were women's rather than men's," according to Scottish academic J. </span><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: large;">A. </span><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: large;">Mac Cullock in 1911. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>According to the forbidden shrine in Kildare, Brigid had female clergy and it was believed that males were not allowed to participate in her devotion. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Brigid became a nun and established a monastery in Kildare, a county renowned for its fertility and richness, according to Barbara Walker and Robert Graves. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">They contend that like other components of society that the Catholic Church failed to abolish, they integrate. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">They claim Brigit's bower was the center of an endless springtime where the village cows never ran dry and flowers and shamrocks sprung forth in her wake. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Brigid was compared to Mary by authors and poets who thought she was more than just a saint and was really the Queen of Heaven. </b></span></p><p><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>"Mother of my Sovereign," "Mary of the Goidels," "Queen of the South," "Prophetess of Christ," and "Mother of Jesus," according to Graves, are names given to Brigid. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to Marija Gimbutas, Brigid was connected to childbirth like Artemis and <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/04/goddess-diana.html">Diana</a> and served as the "midwife to the Blessed Virgin and thus the foster mother of Christ." Others compared Brigid to Tanit, the Heavenly Goddess, and June Regina. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to Gimbutas, Brigid, the Greek Artemis Eileithyia, the Thracian Bendis, the Roman Diana, and the Baltic Fate Goddess were all prehistoric decedents of the life-giving Goddesses who survived Indo-Europeanization in the form of Nature, the giver of health, and in the guise of birds and animals. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Brigid was associated with weaving, spinning, twisting, and stitching, much like her European sisters, and it is stated that this women's activity must be halted on Friday, the holy day of the Goddess. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It's interesting that she was associated with Saint Patrick, who was allegedly a pagan before converting to Christianity. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Additionally, she was frequently mistaken for Brigid's early Pagan lover, Dagda, or "father," and was supposed to be a Christianized version of him. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Irish folklore holds that Saint Patrick is to blame for Ireland's lack of native snakes. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The account of Saint Patrick driving the snakes out of Ireland raises the possibility that the patriarchy subjugating Goddess spirituality is a metaphor for these linkages, as well as Brigid's connection to Neolithic snake imagery. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to Gimbutas, local traditions include constructing snake effigies on Brigid's holy day of Imbolc, when "serpents are reported to come from the highlands." According to Walker, the twenty Brigid priestesses who were present in Kildare reflected the 19-year cycle of the Celtic "Great Year" She goes on to talk about how the Greeks made references to Apollo going to the "temple of the moon goddess" (Brigid) every nineteen years in their stories. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Around the Stonehenge circle, markers were placed to designate these Great Years. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to researcher Patricia Monaghan, Brigid is linguistically related to Bridestones, also known as sarsens, which are the large sandstones used to build Stonehenge. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>This suggests that Brigid was known in early Neolithic, pre-Celtic periods. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In addition to the Thuggees of <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-kali-or-kali-ma.html">Kali</a> and the "Assassins," who revered the Arabian Moon Goddess, Walker mentions another part of Brigid related to martial arts and her warriors known as brigands as an example of a goddess's follower becoming vilified. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Brigid, also known as <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2021/08/goddess-brigantia.html">Brigantia</a> in England, Bride in Scotland, and Brigandu in Celtic France, has many distinct names. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Patricia Monaghan, a scholar, presents a somewhat different story of Brigid. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In this mythological cycle, Brigid is the human offspring of a Druid who was subsequently canonized and baptized by Saint Patrick. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It was said that the Christian Brigid had many of the same traits and abilities as the Goddess Brigid, and that the abbess had exceptional authority to choose bishops who had to be goldsmiths. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Imbolc or Candlemas, Brigid's feast day on February 1st, was a celebration of the "lactation of the sheep, symbolic of new life and the approach of spring," according to Gimbutas. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She claims that a milk libation was thrown into the Earth and connects the life-giving material to Brigid's flower, the dandelion, which when crushed generated milky juice, supplying sustenance for the young lambs. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Anyone who has experienced the gloom of Ireland's winters understands how uplifting it is to start to glimpse the light again, the symbolic fire of Brigid. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This festival also commemorates the return of the light as the world emerges from the winter's darkness. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This was a joyful period of processions, singing, dancing, and ceremonial baking. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Gimbutas asserts that "honoring the Bride, giving presents, crafting dolls, preparing special cakes, greeting the Saint in every home, and anticipating her presence as a blessing must have roots deeper than the final decades of paganism; much of it carries on Neolithic customs." </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Brigid's fire sanctuary in Kildare is described by Rufus and Lawson as a "low stone wall, rectangular and not round as in ancient times." </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The recreated shrine is neat, orderly, and quiet, speaking nothing of its past existence as a spiritual center for Irish women, both during the Goddess' lifetime and for centuries following. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In the heart of Kildare, in the graveyard of the Cathedral Church of Saint Brigid, is where you'll find Brigid's Fire House. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Before leaving the church, look inside for the Sheela on Bishop Wellesley's tomb from the 16th century. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>It is beautifully placed below the left-hand corner of the top slab and above a panel depicting the Crucifixion. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The Sheela's legs are split, and her pubic hair is visible. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Tobar Bride, also known as Brigid's Well, is a mile or so from the fire sanctuary. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">With a statue of Saint Brigid dressed as a nun and a natural well of healing waters, the holy site suggests that it is equally dedicated to the Saint and the Goddess. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The brick arch that crosses the holy stream-like well is decorated with Brigid's pagan emblem, the Cross of Brigid. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Don't forget to bring a container so you may transport the restorative waters of Bride home. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Votive gifts, such as rags or pieces of fabric fastened to trees (sometimes referred to as clootie trees), are often left at the location. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In accordance with Gimbutas, who cited Wood-Martin, "The rag or ribbon, removed from the clothes, is thought to be the storehouse of the spiritual or physical maladies of the suppliant. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Rags are riddances rather than just offerings or votive objects. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">(In another type of riddance ritual, the matriarch of the house would distribute to family members a strip of cloth called the brat Brighide, or Saint Brigit's mantle, which was hung on a tree or bush a few days before Saint Brigit's Eve to protect the family from illness or misfortune in the upcoming year.) </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The healing properties of Brigid's waters have been known since Neolithic times, which helps to explain why numerous wells under Mary-related churches and temples (such as those at Clonegal, Chartres, and Lourdes) may have retained their reputation for miracles. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It was believed that a few of the goddesses' holy wells may increase a woman's fertility. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Devotees would go to the wells on the first day of spring to undertake purification rituals, including washing their hands, faces, and feet, removing strips of cloth from their garments, walking around the stone, praying, chanting, kneeling, and sipping from the holy waters. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">They might then go to "a river stone which has footprints," where they would continue to pray, according to Gimbutas, who is quoting Wood-Martin once more. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Footprints may be observed carved into the stone near the holy waters at Tobar Bride. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Brigid the Goddess and those who honor her are warmly embraced by the nuns of the Church known as the Sisters of the Solas Bride. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">You are welcome to visit their refuge, but only with previous preparations. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Sisters welcome individuals and groups and have joyfully accommodated and shared ritual space with small groups of committed practitioners of Goddess Spirituality. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Interested parties will be needed to make personal contact to organize a visit. </span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">How to get to Kildare? </span></h2><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Kildare is conveniently accessible by rail, bus, and private vehicle and is situated 32 miles (51 km) southwest of Dublin. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">If you're driving, use the N7 Dublin-Limerick Road to the Kildare Cathedral, which is in the town's center. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">One mile south of Kildare is where the well is situated. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Following the directions out of town toward the Japanese Gardens, there will be a sign directing drivers to the Tobar Bride down a tiny road to the right approximately 300 yards (270 m) before you arrive at the Gardens. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goddess Worship At Newgrange.</span></h2><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Another marker pointing left down the path will be located around 100 yards (90 m) farther; this sign will direct tourists to the well at Newgrange. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The great megalithic tomb of Newgrange is ranked alongside the temple of Ggantija in Malta as one of the most impressive prehistoric monuments in Europe, according to any old guidebook, but mainstream scholars are still divided over how to interpret the significance of this magnificent Goddess site constructed more than 5,000 years ago. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>According to some experts, the imagery found on Western European megalithic art is connected to altered states of consciousness. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The altered states may sometimes be brought on by using hallucinogens, and they can also be brought on via shaman trance dances. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">When they find the controversial archaeologist Marija Gimbutas' work compelling, many goddess proponents depart from conventional thinking. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Even Marija was unable to pinpoint the precise events that took place at Newgrange, but Gimbutas' decades of research into Neolithic archaeology and the significance of artwork and artifacts in a cultural and religious context have given passage graves like Newgrange a fuller and richer meaning. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Advocates contend that Newgrange was a holy location for the Goddess and that its artwork symbolizes concepts of birth, death, and rebirth, with the passage grave serving as both "womb and tomb," based on the graphic language she invented, folk literature, and a little amount of intuition. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">"The heart of the religion of the Goddess in the British Isles," according to author Peg Streep, is Newgrange. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It is without a doubt a location for ritual, processions, and significant gatherings that are suggestive of the early Neolithic builders' religion! </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Many claim that Newgrange is the best example of a passage grave in Western Europe. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Carbon-dating research suggests that it was constructed around 3200 BCE. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Farmers who kept livestock were the people who constructed Newgrange. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">They used stone as opposed to metal to create this complex edifice, which required not only extraordinary labor but also knowledge of design and engineering. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">They also watched and analyzed astronomical movements. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It measures 265 feet (81 meters) in circumference and 45 feet (14 meters) high. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Only 12 of the 35 standing stones, or menhirs, that previously surrounded it are still standing. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to Streep, this circle may have served as a barrier between the mother's womb's holy area and the rest of the world. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Although the mound is now covered in grass, many academics believe that white quartz once covered it. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The quartz would have significance beyond just aesthetic value since it was a rare stone that had to be imported from a distance. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Gimbutas compares the mound to the world's cosmic womb or egg, and the white coating was designed to resemble an egg's shell. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>For the construction of Newgrange, an estimated 180,000 tons (163,080,000 kg) of stone were needed. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The entrance to the mound faces the dawn in the middle of winter. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The 62-foot (19-meter) long tube leads to a central room from which three side chambers branch out. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">On the midwinter solstice, sunlight streams into the chamber via a roof box lintel at the entrance. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>During the solstice, the sun can be seen slowly filling the interior passageway until it reaches the back chamber and illuminates a carving of a triple spiral that some people think represents the Goddess. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A symbolic (or literal?) rebirth and regeneration of the dead may result from this, as well as the effect of awakening her powers. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Before moving back down the entrance passageway and leaving the mound in complete darkness once more, the light briefly fills the cavern. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It has been speculated that this dramatic effect might have been performed using a polished mirror at other significant times throughout the year, but that is just conjecture. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Gimbutas thought sacred symbols and patterns that recurred all over Neolithic Old Europe were used to invoke the Goddess. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>According to Streep's citation of Gimbutas, "ritual action" served as a means of "communicating with the divine" and an invocation of the Goddess' enshrined regenerative abilities. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The art's iconography includes the ideas of life, death, and regeneration, which are all aspects of the Goddess. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The imagery of the owl and snake—symbols of rebirth and rebirth—represented these ideas. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">These theories are further supported by the structure's orientation and commanding position close to the Boyne River's (named for the Goddess Boand) bend. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Even if some of the pictures are more abstract, when they are studied across all of Europe, a language and a unified iconography start to take shape. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The stone near Newgrange's main gate is vividly engraved with three snake coils, which stand for three sources of life. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Similar to Neolithic Catal Hüyük, iconography starts to emerge in three-groupings. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The brow ridge of the Owl Goddess, stone basins, engravings of triple snake spirals, coils, and cartouches, as well as side cells at Newgrange, are all discovered in triplicate. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Gimbutas can identify the large snake coils that are inscribed on orthostats and are connected to V, M, chevrons, and zigzag bands. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She postulated that the presence of arcs, wavy lines, bands of zigzags, and serpent shapes indicated a belief in the reproductive capacity of water as well as a relationship between the snake and the strength of stone. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Triangles are depicted on the walls and curbstones of Newgrange. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Sometimes they are by themselves, other times they are in rows and pairs linked at the tip or the base, or they are encompassed by arcs. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">These pictures are of the Goddess of Death and Regeneration, according to Gimbutas. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Her interpretation of the "serpent ship" motif connected to the religion of the dead is particularly intriguing. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">At Newgrange, the union of zigzags or winding serpents (symbols of renewed life) with triangles or lozenges (both special signs of the Goddess of Regeneration) creates abstract images of "serpent ships," which can be taken literally to mean ceremonial ships connected to death rituals that carry the dead toward renewal. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Gimbutas describes spheres and snake coils representing a full moon, opposed crescents alone or with a snake coil in the middle depicting a moon cycle, and wavy lines of winding serpents measuring time as additional indications of time and lunar movements in the stone carvings at Newgrange. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>She claims that up to thirty winding snake turns corresponded to a near approximation of the lunar month and that serpentine patterns with fourteen to seventeen turns signified the number of days the moon waxes. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It is possible to speculate that Neolithic practitioners included both of these elements in their death ritual because the structure is linked to death and rebirth and contains imagery that is both reflective of sunlight and water. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This brings discussions back to folk literature mixed with some whimsy. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The study of Roman literature, figurines, and inscriptions has revealed what is known about ancient Ireland. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">What before is mostly unknown since Celtic literature did not become widely read until the second century CE. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>It is widely acknowledged that Brigid represented the elements of fire and water (or light), as well as connections with the serpent, whose history dates back to the Neolithic era. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In light of the fact that the rituals performed at this particular mound are beginning to comprehend and revere her imagery and essence, perhaps we should take a moment to consider how she might be related to Newgrange. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">We should also keep in mind that according to folklore, the god Dagna, who is occasionally referred to as Brigid's consort, constructed Newgrange for himself and his sons. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">What if this is just a patriarchal interpretation of the story? It is entertaining to speculate if Dagna really did construct Newgrange as a spectacular expression of his love for his consort, much as Ramses did when he constructed the Taj Mahal or the little Temple of <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/05/goddess-hathor.html">Hathor</a> at Abu Simbel in honor of his great love Nefertari. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>According to a different piece of mythology, Bru na Boinne, the Gaelic name for the area near Newgrange, means "the house of the Goddess of the River <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2021/08/goddess-boann.html">Boann</a>." </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It claims the River Boyne, also known as Boinn or Boand, is named after the Goddess Boand and is located close to Newgrange (she of the white cows). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Boand, who is regarded as one of the main Earth Goddesses of prehistoric Ireland, is the embodiment of the abundance and vitality found in water, or the nourishing milk that flows from a revered cow. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Boyne, its modern Celtic name, which translates to "illuminated cow," is transliterated as Buvinda. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Additionally, the Celtic term denotes brightness, whiteness, and knowledge. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The wise salmon, along with other fish connected to the Goddess, dwells in the River Boyne. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Perhaps in Newgrange, in a manner similar to Eleusis, the priestesses and priests of the Goddess taught their people the lessons of life and death while performing ritual. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to legend, Boann and her partner Elemar were Newgrange's original residents until Elemar was replaced by Dagna, which leads us back to Brigid. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Could Boann have been a younger version of Brigid? We already know that Brigid inspired the naming of rivers. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Since Brigid is a Goddess of Healing, the River Boyne was also praised for its therapeutic properties. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">There are undoubtedly no concrete solutions, but many connections cause cultural diffusionists to pause and give a thoughtful "ah-ha." # How to get to Newgrange. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>About 6 miles (10 km) west of Drogheda, in the Boyne Valley, which is located to the south of the N51 Drogheda–Navan Road, is where you'll find Newgrange. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">From Drogheda, you may go to Newgrange by train or bus. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">On the nearby road to Slane, you can find the Knowth and Dowth mounds. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Within the Bru na Boinne complex, there is also a prehistoric ritual pond made by humans called Monknewtown that might be worth a look. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">If you're traveling by car, think about taking a day trip from Dublin, which is 45 km (28 mi) south of the site. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">There is a visitor center on site, but it is advised to call ahead because there has been discussion about restricting access to Newgrange's interior. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Much of the discussed imagery can be seen by simply walking around the grounds. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The tremendous feeling of the sun entering the chamber is reenacted by guides using a flashlight to give tourists some idea of the event, but it is almost impossible to be within the mound on the solstice since individuals are wait-listed for years to enjoy the privilege. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It could be a good idea for travelers to have a small container with them so they can gather water from the River Boyne. </span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Worship Of Goddess Sheila-na-Gigs.</span></h2><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Stone carvings of female genitalia known as Sheila-na-Gigs, also known as Sheelas, are typically found on the walls and doorways of Celtic churches and monasteries in Western Europe and the British Isles, though they can also be found in Indonesia, South America, Australia, Oceania, and India. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The real role of Sheelas is not clearly known, however most say they were icons or symbols of protection, much like the guardian gargoyles on Gothic cathedrals or the gorgon on Athena’s shield. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This author concurs with that assertion and suggests that the sign could have stood for the idea that being within the building on which the Sheela is carved is equivalent to entering the holy vulva, a portal leading to the protection of the Mother Goddess' womb. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The figures' stance of sitting, reclining, or standing with legs akimbo and completely exposed yonis has been suggested as a potential emblem of exhibitionism, however that hardly seems plausible given that they were discovered carved in hallowed locations. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>In addition to raising the intriguing hypothesis that Sheelas are connected to Celtic or pre-Celtic forms of Oriental and Mediterranean holy prostitutes, Rufus Camphausen has also indicated potential ties to <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2021/07/goddess-baubo.html">Baubo</a> and Ama-no-Uzume. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">He suggests the term nu-gag, which refers to "the pure and immaculate ones" and was used to describe the sacred temple prostitutes of Mesopotamia, as a potential linguistic indicator of the Sheila-na-Gigs' earliest forms. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Sheelas are often found with the carved portion of the yoni worn by the contact of several hands, probably made in respect or prayer. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It reminds people of fertility symbols, which some cultures think, if touched, may bring forth plenty and procreation. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Sheela, according to author Shahrukh Husain, is connected to the goddess Brigid of the Celts, and she may have represented the "split-off of the sexual aspect of a virginal goddess." </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Archaeologist Marija Gimbutas compared the spread-legged prehistoric Frog Goddess, the frog-headed Egyptian Goddess Haquit (Heket), and the ancient Greek goddess Hekate, known as "Baubo," or toad, to Sheelas. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Gimbutas asserts that the names for toads in European languages include the connotations of "witch" or "prophetess," and that the toad "was incarnated with the powers of the Goddess of Death and Regeneration, whose duties were both to bring death and to restore life." </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">At an archaeomythology symposium in Madouri, <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/10/goddess-worship-in-greece.html">Greece</a>, Professor Joan Cichon reports scientists Miriam Robbins Dexter and Starr Goode think the iconography of the Sheelas resemble the “Sovereignty Goddess” of the ancient Irish. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Some modern ladies have been turning up their noses at traditional taboos and embracing the brazen iconography of the Sheela to indicate their empowerment, sexual liberty, and knowledge of their connection to the Goddess.</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html"><b>~Kiran Atma</b></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div><span style="color: #ffa400; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Kiran-Atma/e/B08WLY9VRY/">Amazon</a> | <a href="https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/21197594.Kiran_Atma">Goodreads</a> | <a href="https://twitter.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Twitter</a> | <a href="https://www.facebook.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Facebook</a> | <a href="https://www.instagram.com/kiran.atma/">Instagram</a> | <a href="https://www.pinterest.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Pinterest</a></b></span></div><div><span style="color: #ffa400; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><script>mbtTOC();</script>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5979151747663163869.post-78278284650077906092022-10-18T10:28:00.025-07:002022-10-28T13:44:00.017-07:00Goddess Worship In Greece.<div class="mbtTOC"> <button onclick="mbtToggle()">Table Of Contents</button> <ul id="mbtTOC"></ul> </div><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Article","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/10/goddess-worship-in-greece.html"},"headline":"Goddess Worship In Greece.","description":"The Acropolis Before Athena, the protector of the city, Goddess of Wisdom, and a representation of military success, called the Acropolis home, a high hill towering above the bustling Greek capital Athens, a holy place of Goddesses, her residence there was long considered to be.","image":["https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWnXDybq4MUTPwVym--6FmO8Sr1YTqEZ3QOq3YbrkUIACEujXe-3XrraxMRFVLnEYKOpot5clLnpl6IJ2ASsymqsQTKwjadUjzLfRbTR774XZPBhH4p9H0LO8-z2URvh8bewtfJPKV_igPe5_pHf1Fc9nyVrvlQspQWNGyXiqNYFwNmsTo81THo5EG/w400-h398/Goddess%20Minerva-KiranAtma-1.jpg","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgsIqBLjmYPrJ4EJe-uMgYC1f1lh5gZv47YzC7x2AOB1bcPdmQh41oNErptuaWE-bi5Sdl0DO-4WBE5ZmHm7SBJ3Vs_UteFRsqHOwQRT1HRiTswDVI6JN3pPO90Yw4oM5QPYeL-rMgMwyJhRkJWqhei0w5MhKoL4zWddvCcGwK-C0DZ4bhfz4-JZZyW=w400-h225","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhByXpRvN6sHCxZpAqyqEZp_fX5zF8wvWGSNSxBACLYYLpBLE-lMEFcnrXRoSrNm1NfIuBprkcPM9dpJAU2S8O4WnlgdjJnFY08q2_loQ7JMMBkQda1YRSaVSlRA8rJJbjWK-aRn592mVo8g0hHHwwP5Nrtf7tlIJM_x-QNf0ggDS4Lzm2uYTI2mZVu=w400-h300","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh0GOwmDckWa_IeTrXmSKEmcIpMYB1TkyS4LvUE131mm9zJgPQIchzZrJyqRck0qHCEwccbCK6ce-0jjBL1SZCSih0Swlqdy5BxfYUSg1uo7EeuJgvfNe2IM-mdz7Ts7xhVdhmPpzDKT1O7-jJyfRpuzRxdfj0uxOi-lqnKEGw9KTHf6Z5YrhCltEcv=w400-h239","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg-C_DcLWT3SVXd-6uJRG93zGQScSHSW_UKsAPN5c_IAKMWnr81Y58O42bMKCiJTsUv4KWn2yMwN7YpnLzBpMDkAeRuN5r33SsTxbyQDbQF5Hdh4nyHa8PX1JpDvPCEewHtOQjLUzcFmwJmL-3jm0SyFvmg8WEXc1czURJBrStjxKvFWqbay9KCjTay=w300-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgPVxg5Vva51i0UlA_tSf8R02tCA_76XazZSdcsue2lvc4IRpnHw39wdCrUqP_aOfp-zGO73aOFxYl81lf7deYalVoU5xZL5WIIV_a3diUwmR6kWoMalC_WTBK-_kOwBX_zUQvYrM-DY16xbhS4tZ7SP8wtMMO0niOlNqy9PXVKERdN_nFYXxDiLBk9=w400-h239","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgiQbpdtUXALCNaXvi3DPbLHPXqQ3CFR6xtI65jx6r16RvuT6b7YFwEy-B_fTJMY9LmovGdaVNNktM-lWlHgO3R-4G4X7TJauB7kDFJMpVBdy7johx2N7miffLqIYW__0Oz-mdl0Fsa4NE5pw8xBs9mrEc8r56BHf43d0dM830mypLMbRwIWkloU7tv=w400-h293","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgwrnSMjn3h0tec39dpp8yQEQ6VE-Iwj0HMfoWG10LVjtnC_d7G-uh_u2JND7OBjRDK00__ooCLDxj8k_OA3qQPiSaYZht67TUbAGZOMJQ0Lo3VZWYphk5SAu7PYAZvdkYzo3LkOmUkZ9gKbV-pMXJPgl_pEvDonXPOFk_pnxeb2x5LVLJjVURb39OV=w400-h268","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjgED3d5m_KVQuk17FU3s8jc4V5QVwGOD4EBRK8N8ywe0x5ZTxMjui_WxUmmGbOBbXkYsq0SzdNLlddw_a8EvDnOzTDHEZakCaD6zHva-Oy4pvP7b_-FNI6dEeAwjSfiKOwI27dMXlMTN8q0HaS8kP8kUCNHFY5OEtMBTbYtuLbtBXhSJl09dYynDqp=w400-h266","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEge62jOHkyhCFhAb_aHcvauWgKxhNcXvll6xheTNqH8vU0_KF2nUStKAgtvyEb0vXZq5-k-akIaX2q3DvAmFMnhwTgO5ystTjK0E3yFXU7KEouv4J0GTotPQ0nG8x567T6e87n5MkQXYs5--_m2vKa3v7r7RN8rIXI61tTOpC8guanQqgWnXxQPYQ0C=w292-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhtD4J-HZ7z3BMIknMUyiJxXlFPLJDtVy7pHXC5RHNIlZoGEOkSffsVh_dGJpEnGjT6vZAJLe7azGDUFvfvqAFhtL7O1U8o1olb33BLij5yPJrZ0BvsFUsLQUUAWeCvsWe39pZ0WxUM9Q39GCAYnY4PqcNuG54Ic1fR0eaLVFkg2iaBFk5oTb9cjhZl","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiw02HhKa-lJ7cLGwIU4v0VkitNIfq4obnjWmIRFJEx1ERHv9fUOXv5Xd7aWEgIctF-zPlUt8_UfZ13HvUfWiwbCcJz9j-LQIHIBK59QreLYtMOM2TK7v3VAKHEM8DoRDM1VXVfWj1E-YTuMMwF68BEgiUoDr128iBAZIPSUizSWUF4mUwO28MXiUQT=w400-h308","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEggHj4Skcduxezxi8utgXu2qMFsJKusndrnVydRBop-osvdwArtKXo0uiP884TdHXC6Z23WMeQg8GHg70LM9EzRRLHgpfQEd3Y96WSWj4JGGF07yV_I0z0Bv64T6akefsJbYFoisMp285oQTYV8hOZaOwRTPmtvSudPLEAja0JOxlIe9lzTgvThgFYM=w400-h300","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg_nVDGqqcclouS5Rw1C4EccSR6wg2in-0860mZGa155cH7sy4jjRalv87zPUd9RXIwS_50cs_OaFEx5wQ0LdsHrH8094ejl86YP1SLZ_Q8yM51ufzgX8-CIMKgn1mJxUTqWEIG2JB2PB5lWNYgF4i-Dri4f1S_KE6cizuBkhK8yjs5W7aSysyjR5Z2","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhLH7vR3lpqUkgBp7BAztY3DLBCWH_ZS5FZHKKOmR1iuyoPsPPMmdVFcWNSjklithKTLpiBqZb9yJJ0cC2DfCzafXXcbMepuo4xo24mPwQOjpOJdEqwj1AfMWEboC-L91XLABUNT0IUYacGyrtD0iWfIUuioChCJsXxegRXgnb88H9uX7xutjgj7kfj=w400-h235","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEguo6pFnAbupfRSTMzYZkgOudA1gXYF8GIksOT9LnBNQ6OAxC-nOp9hdqnAFqjXhZf3oDZNX47feYn106hHeIImA09pegsGaqtK8PE2jcpTxTI3k5wFi30xBUA0OL9BabeCQoplX9XfQyyTMyFCZoJS-X6PGrcFgN7V9RD-59eaGRuEHhuQNZ1Dy7cf=w267-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEge01j1kT0k4C7GD8xBrE9Dmdw6E1q4Chf-STEVbyElJ8T4lya30pcqnhkaDRFK-dq6wNpOi9rLnKc5KwiX3FeFHZXD27vX_nHFWLL1HpOW2-o3MMu5xLWzi-hG0h0nSuvIOPOi5Og-TxfnG2GuHvOhfcAem5f6o10VaqnNIKmAvSh8iThDYertDqjI=w400-h249","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiHNhFKPKDd_UExISPWwZTzCQfsBMAMQZamfvHqB-7MZCNdMxEg-Qdox7aVZeKNeHOW1elm_GeTE46MvAlmdUTu-_rcOkbyNnyUKh99YK1Iz0Cwq1fHiytmRZClHQbGZPK-5aDxSfdOzUOCta82sdDkemBsc9zFDN1nksuYox49kVIGzXN69SAMzxmX=w400-h225","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjVxCNq7sEt3aD6vMQwsp2CUoYvuJrSRfnJrz-etLoQfRhTHbNQoLfgLXHZBG2CDoA6vhTZX1wtwk6Dr7SPW48c8xXTHBgArO_p5qTknDEMMgcxtjkgdDOgnKfgZHXGXEesUUJrlTzdPKBOi8V3qU-_0HI1dt4CoZc9z10jr_wDbkufB4UN7YrxHP1Y=w400-h230","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjncGuIE67anaUSv-_znOBJBiL_KlnqTX2hR9PxRRNfT_W-gQ-IFLt4-exiQ-hPd8mRailzi1F1UdZ3a0NyN5ktfhKkzu8nohv-F2gcS_Q555h89h83kce1WE0gYkNTHg5DoxnTsxoTc6v6JHSqG0EUbWetg7Kp1BRadhR_yMvmipxlX12gYjcHPPSH=w400-h268","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgVYWm-d6iBAW_BZhpkiyf-8hc4x9kCG3KpDupv-P7C7fg-0AT81B7avZOAF30vmYN071bD5m6kQxqUwmh731qdDN_lQRoU3sZZIXfpILDRBI14vuJj0wMlZwQhYXWO7ORMURZLcz3IxNcA8ydhah2aMOykgG5rHtcpitwwRdS4HAslZcXQgXYxcLft=w400-h258","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg088zmCl4NhgPHKJa679dNhUxR63RNZQvZOSNBk6hkstOjuaOneuekAlvGKrpkkftrxCyuKNrC7x2G3uZmDpbq0sHMTks-nr4LCH6QK1qbynS9j6itm-ft9MoW4DlIirKMSwog0uzt4xI7OeYXyMlMs-GgQITdP9UG7Dnl7hacUJjhz_dlqP5Vt1rr=w317-h640","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhx-FCCnU6ynJcLkFGyYubhkDzkhWR3aivsUefPr7_yf6ZAWrRQMAKIb86luOmdGu8KQDo6dqwTSUB9HaeKFk8N3Ma83WhbDupz-0hcwqM8eZ_Rc4B_jgB0nvfOPwhlM39HuEeWT0M8tpEupsL3E4rgPyb_ouIEjwsOm38DIypFmeWqa5uN3aSnTVvw=w400-h258","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj9A2ZT-I-dLPHGSO1Q1XSih-IfKVKqYwqlu9FaMGPrkdudMowh5ZwDyeTCE0xe_6rDxQ6g9evz5_AC4Nn9Lisr4UZyNfXev8LBt-lY1RsboUeOdMJlQ25MsvXCNy8YqJvE-v-DcpbSj88M5CJ5ziZ3aLLpna1MlPM1ByYIprTd9zlKsjxXaBI7cGGD=w400-h268","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh6q1Hv6XvAxnKZ0rn5Aw2932LH6fTu-tbOjVgowzuQxqyT-5UJMuz1_gB3GRtX3ZbUBrVEDBmZtkY5f8Y8ITp1tcUBICtjTPeI_SWxK6ehuXrZHdzAKx2YtcrhpSKTQOvDD-vGCKgc5jnVwb-imMcDC-ShtmIAB51-xGIrK3DlKTQO7rGgd_nvbwDD=w400-h300","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi8GoxGGJbG7tXRB4mGanQXt2EyVIUtWBouieR7_lWsqHWzAOaC6zBl84lpUTlY2KEd5fwe8MKoVcxXN5gGX2gHh6iMxPa5bzolaTdmK867RDve9R589ikGIOrJAepxRcbvKjq4Vv7e7vVEmTS9XTY_O8JxfvTSMilnVTlBj29eqJ2B-11hYl6T63K4=w400-h181","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgDSnBiuwcthydqI2t3MR6ONy7J0scbVl13M268bI1v6xs1A9MObq0sETI7bxus2FGy5NdotFLLeiF8gePKX5zJDSa18aQ3oA9siBnpvd_p6_n_Lwq1k1vdczPoVcN9H0KdhWeR4G1MfimCwq5MUXSDguxoBz__RaZG25bDGH2FRUFa4IffxnfSGODo=w400-h201","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhn98YrlBRcxt15U2yEwdZExZC9nZFIKZmQDuPQs_4Ma-NYxK0I6S0tZ3iWl3GGcx0E_oOxuv6MbHgib42Pyl7u96MkKSSJj1A84y8YkG9UFf_nMDDIioKmjb-nLnsMRZB8muCFBSrooXKsfYJNECUMaBZ3U2seomHm3vBSbuAyhIjsLLIccrSmo13c=w400-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiTlUemiASs5CODNQ2XU_JC5g0jDK2wvjoiQv0hRH5eM4L9vAS22uI0W4eQbky36I_JchBlsyK3F9h04drg7TWKP7OCF21eKxeQm8MabuO8Rihp2qKltlPhP8kM_QEYn43oJG0qajb9sR3azGROYR4Ea9yDqscdhBWZwJj1fPM46X85sHc-uQVc8ONV=w400-h265","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhnQoRfusx__hjlGOdpvy6jezlwGrgatdl4JgZh2g_TPR6WVnFGxC3iJ9PSLMsxZexfDaSFD9r2y694lk29UPVNBDpRcbwtrhKNjOYNfDrI59M71D43BEvhAbo_KxwanrG4qTX0vr_8AS90Dhk2a0jCD_MPU9i3xUUlhpdHg93zD1efQlz9ePxhvzcQ=w400-h264","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEicjmdf0FfhedNbYDEBYuYnlJ46jn0EWseMfYlaVbhYUkNG8k3-cVszhbG-_R8HmK3i9pbpsvHrnI-mnR9VeSM91N9Do7eOyiDQXuLnGSyu__1jtHMnaLZR_b7A6grzrqO3B0yVOEWOTwCfQ4dNMwCJE6Cp9hJtE0iGU_t9N8oUSBLBN97ChIOKUfZS=w320-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi3b3rPY7o9_U-_EEj7w1Kk8noItF_UkPdv3wLcFNTiQ4sMfhg6XqeWbM2lxqOJaM6dDbsU_DLOwohA4YKfVuaiw8ir9b2-Spxm_gqfbmQQ08abq6xWV4geNM9a_rQxGkrNBp-OPprWbGAGqIUVLGc0F1CuYqEASMwwZLjCPECYEdtCTHetFwb-Podu=w400-h245","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi5O5L_eKswEvPM_e4lmMbPSaNHs0V6Wnu5WibVyQDzZK4dUJ-BdSIIy6GaqQ8ZEA9d2IW4THPpgaTDZVIMaJxd0eg2VaFny0ff3vwKuGeKLr8UVD4Ceb4QnW0uuNDNBz1PSVNkKcP1t90gDL2ADj33ut19GQp9nU0H7ehBeJ_hYdVMu5BkPiZu8kKk=w400-h229"],"author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Kiran Atma","url":"https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":""}},"datePublished":"2022-10-19","dateModified":"2022-10-19"}</script><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWnXDybq4MUTPwVym--6FmO8Sr1YTqEZ3QOq3YbrkUIACEujXe-3XrraxMRFVLnEYKOpot5clLnpl6IJ2ASsymqsQTKwjadUjzLfRbTR774XZPBhH4p9H0LO8-z2URvh8bewtfJPKV_igPe5_pHf1Fc9nyVrvlQspQWNGyXiqNYFwNmsTo81THo5EG/s769/Goddess%20Minerva-KiranAtma-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="763" data-original-width="769" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWnXDybq4MUTPwVym--6FmO8Sr1YTqEZ3QOq3YbrkUIACEujXe-3XrraxMRFVLnEYKOpot5clLnpl6IJ2ASsymqsQTKwjadUjzLfRbTR774XZPBhH4p9H0LO8-z2URvh8bewtfJPKV_igPe5_pHf1Fc9nyVrvlQspQWNGyXiqNYFwNmsTo81THo5EG/w400-h398/Goddess%20Minerva-KiranAtma-1.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><span style="font-family: Baskervville;"><br /></span></span><p></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">How Prevalent Was Goddess Worship In <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/10/goddess-worship-in-greece.html">Greece</a>?</span></h2><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Although the Divine Feminine is the mountain itself, practitioners have also referred to caves as the Divine Feminine's holy vulva because of how comfortable they are there. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Women used to go inside to give birth and to carry out ceremonies honoring menarche and delivery as significant life events. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The cave served as a site of birth, death, and rebirth where women were engulfed inside the darkness of the Goddess' body, similar to Eileithyia on the island of Crete or Plouton at Eleusis. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It is said that those who have sounded and drummed in these mountain tunnels have formed holy bonds. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>These holy caverns were the places where practitioners were carried ever closer toward contact with the Chthonic Mother. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">They were ritually embellished with art and crimson ochre colors that signify the life giving blood of Goddess. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It's possible to see oneself being wrapped inside her deep crimson crevices—almost like an embryo within her live womb! </span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgsIqBLjmYPrJ4EJe-uMgYC1f1lh5gZv47YzC7x2AOB1bcPdmQh41oNErptuaWE-bi5Sdl0DO-4WBE5ZmHm7SBJ3Vs_UteFRsqHOwQRT1HRiTswDVI6JN3pPO90Yw4oM5QPYeL-rMgMwyJhRkJWqhei0w5MhKoL4zWddvCcGwK-C0DZ4bhfz4-JZZyW" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2160" data-original-width="3840" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgsIqBLjmYPrJ4EJe-uMgYC1f1lh5gZv47YzC7x2AOB1bcPdmQh41oNErptuaWE-bi5Sdl0DO-4WBE5ZmHm7SBJ3Vs_UteFRsqHOwQRT1HRiTswDVI6JN3pPO90Yw4oM5QPYeL-rMgMwyJhRkJWqhei0w5MhKoL4zWddvCcGwK-C0DZ4bhfz4-JZZyW=w400-h225" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The Acropolis Before Athena, the protector of the city, Goddess of Wisdom, and a representation of military success, called the Acropolis home, a high hill towering above the bustling Greek capital Athens, a holy place of Goddesses, her residence there was long considered to be. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Mycenaean or Minoan civilizations, both of which are known to have traded goods and ideas, are thought to have been the ancestors of Athena in the past. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Because of her apparent relationship to Neolithic snake emblems of renewal, Nilsson connects her to the Snake Goddess of Minoan Crete. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>However, there is proof that she had roots in Mycenae, the ancient city that was previously inhabited by Indo-Europeans. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">However, the Athena of classical Greece is the one who is most recognized in popular culture. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Athena, who was created from Zeus's head, is the ideal illustration of a Goddess absorbed by a patriarchal civilization. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She symbolized the pinnacle of that transformation from a Goddess mostly focused on the body to a Goddess primarily focused on the intellect here on the Acropolis. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Athena, according to Mircea Eliade, symbolizes "the sacrality of technological creativity and the myth of wisdom." </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Athena, who is perched atop the Acropolis, has a commanding view over the city that gave rise to Western philosophy and thinking, a culture that prized the triumph of the intellect over the forces and rhythms of nature, and a society that started to value men above women. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As she and Poseidon competed for control of the city, Athena first became associated with Athens. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Each god presented the populace with suggestions and counterproposals. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The ladies chose Athena, while the males chose Poseidon. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">When the populace eventually accepted Athena's gift of the olive tree and decided to name the Goddess as their protector, Athena narrowly prevailed by one vote. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">One of the few instances of Athena behaving as a goddess of the soil or of plants was her donation of the olive tree. </span></h3><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhByXpRvN6sHCxZpAqyqEZp_fX5zF8wvWGSNSxBACLYYLpBLE-lMEFcnrXRoSrNm1NfIuBprkcPM9dpJAU2S8O4WnlgdjJnFY08q2_loQ7JMMBkQda1YRSaVSlRA8rJJbjWK-aRn592mVo8g0hHHwwP5Nrtf7tlIJM_x-QNf0ggDS4Lzm2uYTI2mZVu" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="194" data-original-width="259" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhByXpRvN6sHCxZpAqyqEZp_fX5zF8wvWGSNSxBACLYYLpBLE-lMEFcnrXRoSrNm1NfIuBprkcPM9dpJAU2S8O4WnlgdjJnFY08q2_loQ7JMMBkQda1YRSaVSlRA8rJJbjWK-aRn592mVo8g0hHHwwP5Nrtf7tlIJM_x-QNf0ggDS4Lzm2uYTI2mZVu=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Unfortunately, this choice had a cost. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Poseidon made the decision to completely submerge Attica, a region governed by Athens. </span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Attican males punished women in three ways in an effort to placate the god's anger. </span></h2><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>They would not be able to vote, to start. </b></span></li><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Second, their children wouldn't have the same names as their mothers. </b></span></li><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Finally, they wouldn't be referred to as Athenians ladies. </b></span></li></ol><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In actuality, the patriarchy The Parthenon, a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena, is the most magnificent structure in all of ancient Greece. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Its splendor gave males a justification to oppress women, and female citizens lost their place in society. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>But there were benefits to picking Athena as well. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She offered health, protection, and triumph in her three guises of Hygieia, Polias, and <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-nike.html">Nike</a>, respectively. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She also taught the ladies how to weave and spin, and they later prayed to Athena for help giving birth. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>She was also the goddess of the hero, giving strength, counsel, and help. </b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh0GOwmDckWa_IeTrXmSKEmcIpMYB1TkyS4LvUE131mm9zJgPQIchzZrJyqRck0qHCEwccbCK6ce-0jjBL1SZCSih0Swlqdy5BxfYUSg1uo7EeuJgvfNe2IM-mdz7Ts7xhVdhmPpzDKT1O7-jJyfRpuzRxdfj0uxOi-lqnKEGw9KTHf6Z5YrhCltEcv" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="611" data-original-width="1024" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh0GOwmDckWa_IeTrXmSKEmcIpMYB1TkyS4LvUE131mm9zJgPQIchzZrJyqRck0qHCEwccbCK6ce-0jjBL1SZCSih0Swlqdy5BxfYUSg1uo7EeuJgvfNe2IM-mdz7Ts7xhVdhmPpzDKT1O7-jJyfRpuzRxdfj0uxOi-lqnKEGw9KTHf6Z5YrhCltEcv=w400-h239" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Athena killing a giant.</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She aided Agamemnon, the Spartans, Heracles, Odysseus, and Perseus when they encountered difficulty, as well as Achilles when he confronted Hector. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She also gave caution and composure throughout a struggle. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">However, Athena represents a departure from the characteristics that have come to be identified with the Divine Feminine. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She even disputes the contribution of her mother, <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-metis.html">Metis</a>, Goddess of Wisdom, in her birth, demonstrating just how far detached she is from her sexuality and womanhood. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In patriarchal Greek mythology, Athena refuses to acknowledge her mother, who was carrying her at the time she was eaten by Zeus and who was also pregnant with her. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A few months later, Athena was born from the head of the powerful monarch of all the gods. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Thus, Athena sprang from the patriarch's skull dressed for fight. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>However, Athena is more than just a fighter; she is also the Goddess of Wisdom, a quality she inherited from her mother. </b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg-C_DcLWT3SVXd-6uJRG93zGQScSHSW_UKsAPN5c_IAKMWnr81Y58O42bMKCiJTsUv4KWn2yMwN7YpnLzBpMDkAeRuN5r33SsTxbyQDbQF5Hdh4nyHa8PX1JpDvPCEewHtOQjLUzcFmwJmL-3jm0SyFvmg8WEXc1czURJBrStjxKvFWqbay9KCjTay" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg-C_DcLWT3SVXd-6uJRG93zGQScSHSW_UKsAPN5c_IAKMWnr81Y58O42bMKCiJTsUv4KWn2yMwN7YpnLzBpMDkAeRuN5r33SsTxbyQDbQF5Hdh4nyHa8PX1JpDvPCEewHtOQjLUzcFmwJmL-3jm0SyFvmg8WEXc1czURJBrStjxKvFWqbay9KCjTay=w300-h400" width="300" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to academic Miriam Robbins Dexter, Athena lacks the "strength inside" that results from a connection to the life force. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Instead, Athena supports the patriarchal mentality that rules in a "power over" mode of society. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Athena's celibacy reduced her autonomy, but in her state of virginity, she is a "storehouse" of energy that nurtures society and may transfer that power to man. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Athena had the capacity to retain untapped power and, as previously said, transfer it to the heroes of Classical Greek mythology since she was a virgin goddess (a phrase that had nothing to do with chastity but rather with inner-stored power or energy). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">One may say that Athena served as a taming force for civilization. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to scholar Walter Burkert, Athena gave the Athenians a cultivated olive tree rather than a wild olive tree. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She provided the bridle and chariot in response to Poseidon's gift of the horse so that humans may make use of the animal. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Poseidon raises the waves, while Athena gives a ship to navigate the tumultuous waters. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">To make use of the flocks, Hermes multiplies them, and Athena teaches spinning and weaving. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Mentoring her heroes, Athena shows up when they need her. </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville;"><b>Burkert quotes a tradition that says, "In alliance with Athena put your own hand to work," to explain Athena's ability to help, while Walter F. </b></span><span style="font-family: Baskervville;"><b>Otto refers to Athena as the "Goddess of Nearness," who makes the impossibly conceivable. </b></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgPVxg5Vva51i0UlA_tSf8R02tCA_76XazZSdcsue2lvc4IRpnHw39wdCrUqP_aOfp-zGO73aOFxYl81lf7deYalVoU5xZL5WIIV_a3diUwmR6kWoMalC_WTBK-_kOwBX_zUQvYrM-DY16xbhS4tZ7SP8wtMMO0niOlNqy9PXVKERdN_nFYXxDiLBk9" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="457" data-original-width="766" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgPVxg5Vva51i0UlA_tSf8R02tCA_76XazZSdcsue2lvc4IRpnHw39wdCrUqP_aOfp-zGO73aOFxYl81lf7deYalVoU5xZL5WIIV_a3diUwmR6kWoMalC_WTBK-_kOwBX_zUQvYrM-DY16xbhS4tZ7SP8wtMMO0niOlNqy9PXVKERdN_nFYXxDiLBk9=w400-h239" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She is a representation of brilliance and success, yet she is cut off from the cycles and knowledge of Earth. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In her yearly festival known as the Panathenais Festival, which took place in the month of Hecatombion, Athena was revered at the Acropolis (July-August). </span></h3><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgiQbpdtUXALCNaXvi3DPbLHPXqQ3CFR6xtI65jx6r16RvuT6b7YFwEy-B_fTJMY9LmovGdaVNNktM-lWlHgO3R-4G4X7TJauB7kDFJMpVBdy7johx2N7miffLqIYW__0Oz-mdl0Fsa4NE5pw8xBs9mrEc8r56BHf43d0dM830mypLMbRwIWkloU7tv" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="293" data-original-width="400" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgiQbpdtUXALCNaXvi3DPbLHPXqQ3CFR6xtI65jx6r16RvuT6b7YFwEy-B_fTJMY9LmovGdaVNNktM-lWlHgO3R-4G4X7TJauB7kDFJMpVBdy7johx2N7miffLqIYW__0Oz-mdl0Fsa4NE5pw8xBs9mrEc8r56BHf43d0dM830mypLMbRwIWkloU7tv=w400-h293" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">During this time, women wove the peplos, an embroidered holy Athena gown decorated with war scenes. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Winners of contests organized at the occasion would get oil from her holy olive trees. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The 40-foot (12-m) figure of Athena that Pheidias created in the Parthenon's core was covered in a saffron robe, according to historical accounts. </span></h3><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgwrnSMjn3h0tec39dpp8yQEQ6VE-Iwj0HMfoWG10LVjtnC_d7G-uh_u2JND7OBjRDK00__ooCLDxj8k_OA3qQPiSaYZht67TUbAGZOMJQ0Lo3VZWYphk5SAu7PYAZvdkYzo3LkOmUkZ9gKbV-pMXJPgl_pEvDonXPOFk_pnxeb2x5LVLJjVURb39OV" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="402" data-original-width="602" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgwrnSMjn3h0tec39dpp8yQEQ6VE-Iwj0HMfoWG10LVjtnC_d7G-uh_u2JND7OBjRDK00__ooCLDxj8k_OA3qQPiSaYZht67TUbAGZOMJQ0Lo3VZWYphk5SAu7PYAZvdkYzo3LkOmUkZ9gKbV-pMXJPgl_pEvDonXPOFk_pnxeb2x5LVLJjVURb39OV=w400-h268" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Although the statue's current location is unclear, we do know that it was designed to depict Athena with a helmet, shield, a serpent around her wrist, and an aegis on her breastplate. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In her right hand, she is holding a part of herself in the form of Nike, the goddess of victory. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Her sandals' rim featured an image from the Greek and Centaur War. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The holy procession and the giving of the peolos to Athena were shown on the building's east frieze, while the procession's departure was shown on the west. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Athena's birth was commemorated with a pediment that said, "She who was never nurtured in the gloom of the womb." There are four main structures that make up the Acropolis. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The 40-foot (12-m) figure of Athena, who is revered as Parthenos, or the Virgin, is located in the Parthenon. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It was referred to as the biggest cella, or holiest of holies, on the mainland of Greece. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">All of the marble used in its construction came from neighboring quarries, making it the biggest Doric temple. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It was used in a variety of ways throughout time, including as a bank, a barracks for troops, and an ammunition storage facility. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The olive tree that Athena is said to have presented to Athens is believed to have grown in the Erechthion, which formerly stood where a temple to Poseidon had stood. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This modest, old structure is said to be the location of Athena's invitation to the Chthonic Furies to remain as comfort after their defeat in a legal proceeding. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">They were looking seeking retribution for Clytemnestra's death at the hands of her son Orestes there. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It's interesting to note that this court case can be seen as a metaphor for the struggle for dominance between the usurping patriarchy of the Olympians and the archaic Chthonic forces of Goddess. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Here at the Erechthion, it was Athena who decided the case in favor of Apollo and the Olympians over the Furies. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The complete power of the Goddess is reduced as a result of Apollo's defense of Orestes during this trial and the male libido taking over the female's function as the generative force for reproduction. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Agamemnon and Clytemnestra had sacrificed their daughter before the Trojan War began in order to set the scene. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Clytemnestra murdered Agamemnon as vengeance. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">After that, Orestes murdered Clytemnestra as retaliation for taking his father's life. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The female womb was nothing more than an incubator for the male seed, according to Apollo, who said that Agamemnon's murder was the worst of the two crimes since via his seed, Agamemnon, not Clytemnestra, was the actual father of their dead daughter. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Apollo was given the benefit of the doubt when Athena said in The Eumenides, "I am always for the man. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">firmly on my father's sides and with all of my heart. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In fact, since Poseidon was seen as the husband of Earth, or <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/05/goddess-gaia.html">Gaia</a>, some people view Athena's win against Poseidon for the city's patronage as another victory for the Olympians over the Chthonic forces. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The Porch of the Maidens, which showcases female statues known as Karyatides, is the element that most readily associates with the Erechthion. </b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjgED3d5m_KVQuk17FU3s8jc4V5QVwGOD4EBRK8N8ywe0x5ZTxMjui_WxUmmGbOBbXkYsq0SzdNLlddw_a8EvDnOzTDHEZakCaD6zHva-Oy4pvP7b_-FNI6dEeAwjSfiKOwI27dMXlMTN8q0HaS8kP8kUCNHFY5OEtMBTbYtuLbtBXhSJl09dYynDqp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="800" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjgED3d5m_KVQuk17FU3s8jc4V5QVwGOD4EBRK8N8ywe0x5ZTxMjui_WxUmmGbOBbXkYsq0SzdNLlddw_a8EvDnOzTDHEZakCaD6zHva-Oy4pvP7b_-FNI6dEeAwjSfiKOwI27dMXlMTN8q0HaS8kP8kUCNHFY5OEtMBTbYtuLbtBXhSJl09dYynDqp=w400-h266" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Visitors now, however, only see replicas of them. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to some stories, this structure used to house snakes, which makes sense given Athena's associations with snakes dating back to the Neolithic era. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The white marble temple of Athena Nike is the third structure atop the Acropolis, which was formerly filled with monuments and shrines. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It is currently off-limits to tourists. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The Propylaia, where worshipers passed through to enter the holy realm of the deities, is located near the site's entrance. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to Harrison Eiteljorg, the most revered Athena's statue on the Acropolis was directly east of the Propylaia, a hill that had been occupied since at least the Neolithic age. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The ordinary people revered the goddess under this form as Athena Promachos, or Defender of the City, reserving the inner sanctums of the temple for priestly usage. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Pausanias said that the sailors at the port of Piraeus, which is six miles or ten kilometers distant, were able to see this thirty-foot (9-m) tall bronze figure with silver detail because of how brilliantly it sparkled in the sunshine. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Athena's altar, which was located east of the Erechtheum and was another significant structure on the Acropolis, was where ceremonial burned sacrifices were made to the Goddess. </b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEge62jOHkyhCFhAb_aHcvauWgKxhNcXvll6xheTNqH8vU0_KF2nUStKAgtvyEb0vXZq5-k-akIaX2q3DvAmFMnhwTgO5ystTjK0E3yFXU7KEouv4J0GTotPQ0nG8x567T6e87n5MkQXYs5--_m2vKa3v7r7RN8rIXI61tTOpC8guanQqgWnXxQPYQ0C" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1099" data-original-width="800" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEge62jOHkyhCFhAb_aHcvauWgKxhNcXvll6xheTNqH8vU0_KF2nUStKAgtvyEb0vXZq5-k-akIaX2q3DvAmFMnhwTgO5ystTjK0E3yFXU7KEouv4J0GTotPQ0nG8x567T6e87n5MkQXYs5--_m2vKa3v7r7RN8rIXI61tTOpC8guanQqgWnXxQPYQ0C=w292-h400" width="292" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">On the property, there is a lovely museum. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">There have been plans to replace the lost Athena statue with a copy, but nothing has come of those plans as of yet. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">How to reach the Acropolis. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The center of Athens' historic district is where you'll find the Acropolis, also known as the High Place. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Although the museum's hours are somewhat constrained, the location is open every day. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The most significant location in the tourist-heavy capital of Greece is this one. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">From its high perch, it can be seen for miles in every direction. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>All of Athens' ancient monuments, including the Acropolis site and museum, Ancient Agora, Theatre of Dionysos Kerameikos, Olympieion, and Roman Agora, are accessible with a General Admission ticket. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Attend a show in the outdoor theater at night for a wonderful pleasure. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">just outstanding The goddess proponents see the rebuilt palace of Knossos on the island of Crete as the last and maybe finest illustration of what is possible in a matrifocal society in which the presiding deity is female. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Knossos offers a unique look at an advanced Neolithic Greek civilisation that was unaffected by invasion and Bronze Age disruption. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">At its height, Knossos and neighboring towns on the island of Crete are said to have had a sophisticated and vibrant society, coexisting peacefully with the environment and one another, with gender equality, a plenty of food, material wealth, and a healthy interest in the arts. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This seemingly miraculous era sometimes provides as a sign of what can be possible in a partnership-based society as opposed to a dominator-based one where genders are in harmony with the rhythms of the Goddess. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>A British archaeologist named Sir Arthur Evans purchased the land where the Palace of Knossos now stands in 1900. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">He discovered the ruins of a sizable complex, and over the course of the next 25 years, amid considerable debate, he reconstructed the palace using contemporary materials. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">His efforts prevented many significant structures from collapsing, and today's visitors may get a powerful idea of what life was like in Minoan Crete before it was completely devastated between 1450 and 1400 BCE. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The question of whether the eruption on nearby Thera Island truly led to the collapse of Minoan civilization is still hotly contested. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A reconsideration of the chronology of the Late Bronze Age and the accepted scholarship connected to the eastern Mediterranean may be necessary in light of challenging concerns raised by findings from excavations on Crete over the last several decades that have mostly gone unreported. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Although the origins of the occupants of the people of Crete are not entirely understood, Evans dubbed the civilization he encountered the Minoan in honor of the legendary King Minos. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Crete, a large island advantageously bordered by Asia, Africa, and Europe, is thought to have been settled by Anatolians circa 6000 BCE. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Cretan civilization flourished for many thousand years. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">They farmed, hunted, and kept cattle. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Over time, their culture became more sophisticated, but their devotion to the Goddess and their closeness to nature, which included an understanding of the cycle of life and death, remained a steadfast feature. </span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhtD4J-HZ7z3BMIknMUyiJxXlFPLJDtVy7pHXC5RHNIlZoGEOkSffsVh_dGJpEnGjT6vZAJLe7azGDUFvfvqAFhtL7O1U8o1olb33BLij5yPJrZ0BvsFUsLQUUAWeCvsWe39pZ0WxUM9Q39GCAYnY4PqcNuG54Ic1fR0eaLVFkg2iaBFk5oTb9cjhZl" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="489" data-original-width="922" height="170" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhtD4J-HZ7z3BMIknMUyiJxXlFPLJDtVy7pHXC5RHNIlZoGEOkSffsVh_dGJpEnGjT6vZAJLe7azGDUFvfvqAFhtL7O1U8o1olb33BLij5yPJrZ0BvsFUsLQUUAWeCvsWe39pZ0WxUM9Q39GCAYnY4PqcNuG54Ic1fR0eaLVFkg2iaBFk5oTb9cjhZl" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The goddess was revered as the Regeneratrix in caves during the Early Minoan period, when worshippers used female figurines, amulets, and talismans that often showed engraved pubic triads, emblems of the Earth Mother. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Peak sanctuaries were built on mountains during the Middle Minoan era, which began about 2200 BCE, when worship eventually became collective. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Archaeologists may learn from artifacts discovered in these locations that ancient devotees once tucked significant figures into rock fissures, as if to deposit them into the Mother herself. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">One old seal found at Knossos depicts the Great Goddess having an epiphany on a mountain top, flanked by lions climbing the hill on each side of her, and put before her worshipper with arms lifted to the eyes, suggesting this devotee's capacity to behold the majestic goddess in her splendor. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As ritual and worship developed from the Early through Middle and into the Late Minoan eras, it grew more complex. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The later period is characterized by libations, sacrifices, music, dancing, processions, and bull leaping. </span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiw02HhKa-lJ7cLGwIU4v0VkitNIfq4obnjWmIRFJEx1ERHv9fUOXv5Xd7aWEgIctF-zPlUt8_UfZ13HvUfWiwbCcJz9j-LQIHIBK59QreLYtMOM2TK7v3VAKHEM8DoRDM1VXVfWj1E-YTuMMwF68BEgiUoDr128iBAZIPSUizSWUF4mUwO28MXiUQT" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2311" data-original-width="3008" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiw02HhKa-lJ7cLGwIU4v0VkitNIfq4obnjWmIRFJEx1ERHv9fUOXv5Xd7aWEgIctF-zPlUt8_UfZ13HvUfWiwbCcJz9j-LQIHIBK59QreLYtMOM2TK7v3VAKHEM8DoRDM1VXVfWj1E-YTuMMwF68BEgiUoDr128iBAZIPSUizSWUF4mUwO28MXiUQT=w400-h308" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Some believe that the bull-jumping frescos from Knossos reflect the acceptance, comprehension, and communion of men and women with the laws of nature. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Peg Streep thinks that by taking on the risk of bull leaping, dancers are metaphorically taking on the Goddess's power to decide between life and death. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Bull-jumping is mentioned by other academics as a priests' and priestesses' initiation rite. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The Minoans maintained a strong connection to the ground, traditional values, and their Minoan Goddess, whose original name is unknown, despite the growth and complexity of their worship. </b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEggHj4Skcduxezxi8utgXu2qMFsJKusndrnVydRBop-osvdwArtKXo0uiP884TdHXC6Z23WMeQg8GHg70LM9EzRRLHgpfQEd3Y96WSWj4JGGF07yV_I0z0Bv64T6akefsJbYFoisMp285oQTYV8hOZaOwRTPmtvSudPLEAja0JOxlIe9lzTgvThgFYM" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="194" data-original-width="259" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEggHj4Skcduxezxi8utgXu2qMFsJKusndrnVydRBop-osvdwArtKXo0uiP884TdHXC6Z23WMeQg8GHg70LM9EzRRLHgpfQEd3Y96WSWj4JGGF07yV_I0z0Bv64T6akefsJbYFoisMp285oQTYV8hOZaOwRTPmtvSudPLEAja0JOxlIe9lzTgvThgFYM=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Gertrude Levy, whose description of religion as "unusually divorced from formal relationships, yet emotionally bound in its ceaseless quest to create communication with the elemental energies" is used by Streep, is cited in the quotation. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Minoan clergy were believed to summon the Goddess by blowing a triton or by performing holy dances that would induce trance. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Priestesses may have worn holy attire that, when worn, indicates they represent the divinity in human form, according to experts who have studied artifacts of faience models of ritual clothes discovered in the Sanctuary of Knossos that are indicative of votive offerings. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This resembles the Kumari's collar or the menat collar used by <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/05/goddess-hathor.html">Hathor</a> priestesses. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It's fascinating to notice that the holy knot used to symbolize the Goddess on the island of Crete is very similar to the knots used to symbolize <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-inanna.html">Inanna</a> and <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-isis-or-auset.html">Isis</a>, perhaps representing the collective <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-psyche.html">psyche </a>of humanity. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>According to academic Walter Burkert, the Minoan people did not build temples to their gods; instead, cult rooms were discovered in palaces and homes. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Additionally, worship persisted in the caves and peak sanctuaries atop the mountains that dot the landscape. </span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg_nVDGqqcclouS5Rw1C4EccSR6wg2in-0860mZGa155cH7sy4jjRalv87zPUd9RXIwS_50cs_OaFEx5wQ0LdsHrH8094ejl86YP1SLZ_Q8yM51ufzgX8-CIMKgn1mJxUTqWEIG2JB2PB5lWNYgF4i-Dri4f1S_KE6cizuBkhK8yjs5W7aSysyjR5Z2" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2712" data-original-width="4096" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg_nVDGqqcclouS5Rw1C4EccSR6wg2in-0860mZGa155cH7sy4jjRalv87zPUd9RXIwS_50cs_OaFEx5wQ0LdsHrH8094ejl86YP1SLZ_Q8yM51ufzgX8-CIMKgn1mJxUTqWEIG2JB2PB5lWNYgF4i-Dri4f1S_KE6cizuBkhK8yjs5W7aSysyjR5Z2" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The subterranean labyrinth-like layout of the Palace of Knossos, which was made up of several pillars, led Sir Arthur Evans to speculate that the Minoans may have been members of a "Pillar Cult." </span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhLH7vR3lpqUkgBp7BAztY3DLBCWH_ZS5FZHKKOmR1iuyoPsPPMmdVFcWNSjklithKTLpiBqZb9yJJ0cC2DfCzafXXcbMepuo4xo24mPwQOjpOJdEqwj1AfMWEboC-L91XLABUNT0IUYacGyrtD0iWfIUuioChCJsXxegRXgnb88H9uX7xutjgj7kfj" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="353" data-original-width="602" height="235" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhLH7vR3lpqUkgBp7BAztY3DLBCWH_ZS5FZHKKOmR1iuyoPsPPMmdVFcWNSjklithKTLpiBqZb9yJJ0cC2DfCzafXXcbMepuo4xo24mPwQOjpOJdEqwj1AfMWEboC-L91XLABUNT0IUYacGyrtD0iWfIUuioChCJsXxegRXgnb88H9uX7xutjgj7kfj=w400-h235" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This was thought to be the famed Minotaur's subterranean lair, and some academics argue that it served as a metaphor for the holy union that took place at Knossos. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The palace contained restrooms with flushing toilets and other features that suggested purifying rituals. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The well-known Snake Goddesses, which date to 1600 BCE, were discovered in Knossos' Central Palace Sanctuary. </span></h3><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEguo6pFnAbupfRSTMzYZkgOudA1gXYF8GIksOT9LnBNQ6OAxC-nOp9hdqnAFqjXhZf3oDZNX47feYn106hHeIImA09pegsGaqtK8PE2jcpTxTI3k5wFi30xBUA0OL9BabeCQoplX9XfQyyTMyFCZoJS-X6PGrcFgN7V9RD-59eaGRuEHhuQNZ1Dy7cf" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1366" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEguo6pFnAbupfRSTMzYZkgOudA1gXYF8GIksOT9LnBNQ6OAxC-nOp9hdqnAFqjXhZf3oDZNX47feYn106hHeIImA09pegsGaqtK8PE2jcpTxTI3k5wFi30xBUA0OL9BabeCQoplX9XfQyyTMyFCZoJS-X6PGrcFgN7V9RD-59eaGRuEHhuQNZ1Dy7cf=w267-h400" width="267" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The two most well-known Snake Goddesses are shown with naked breasts, small waists, flounced skirts, and an air of assured sensuality and fertile assurance. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">With the coiled serpents—symbols of life and death—held in both of their extended hands and arms, they each symbolize a picture of the Goddess as regeneratrix. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">While the second depiction of the Snake Goddess has additional snakes around her waist, the first includes a cat or lioness perched atop her headpiece. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">One Snake Goddess has a net-like pattern on her skirt, suggesting that she is a part of or has control over the web of life. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It is said that her skirt's seven layers correspond to lunar occurrences. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to researchers Evans and Nilsson, the Snake Goddess may have served as a domestic or household guardian since there are still traditions in the area where some people leave out bowls of milk for snakes in return for their care and protection. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The majority of what we know about Knossos and Minoan Crete comes from art and iconography that primarily draws from Neolithic sources. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Minoan script has never been fully understood. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">However, other intriguing connections are made through seals, frescoes, and ceramics, such as the fact that Crete is where the story of <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/04/goddess-demeter.html">Demeter</a> and <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-persephone.html">Persephone </a>originated. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The pillar and tree, as well as cave stalactites and stalagmites, birds, snakes, poppies, seashells, doves, butterflies, and—perhaps most frequently—the labrys, or double ax—were all representations of the Minoan Goddess. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The name "labyrinth" is derived from this Minoan sign rather than the maze connotation that is now widely accepted. </span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEge01j1kT0k4C7GD8xBrE9Dmdw6E1q4Chf-STEVbyElJ8T4lya30pcqnhkaDRFK-dq6wNpOi9rLnKc5KwiX3FeFHZXD27vX_nHFWLL1HpOW2-o3MMu5xLWzi-hG0h0nSuvIOPOi5Og-TxfnG2GuHvOhfcAem5f6o10VaqnNIKmAvSh8iThDYertDqjI" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="298" data-original-width="478" height="249" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEge01j1kT0k4C7GD8xBrE9Dmdw6E1q4Chf-STEVbyElJ8T4lya30pcqnhkaDRFK-dq6wNpOi9rLnKc5KwiX3FeFHZXD27vX_nHFWLL1HpOW2-o3MMu5xLWzi-hG0h0nSuvIOPOi5Og-TxfnG2GuHvOhfcAem5f6o10VaqnNIKmAvSh8iThDYertDqjI=w400-h249" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The House of the Double Ax at Knossos, also known as the Goddess' sanctuary, was well-known. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">By pointing out that the <b>butterfly </b>symbolized characteristics of change and the labrys mirrored the <b>"hourglass-shaped Goddess of Death and Regeneration,"</b> Marija Gimbutas draws a link between the butterfly, the ax, and the goddess. </span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiHNhFKPKDd_UExISPWwZTzCQfsBMAMQZamfvHqB-7MZCNdMxEg-Qdox7aVZeKNeHOW1elm_GeTE46MvAlmdUTu-_rcOkbyNnyUKh99YK1Iz0Cwq1fHiytmRZClHQbGZPK-5aDxSfdOzUOCta82sdDkemBsc9zFDN1nksuYox49kVIGzXN69SAMzxmX" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="506" data-original-width="900" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiHNhFKPKDd_UExISPWwZTzCQfsBMAMQZamfvHqB-7MZCNdMxEg-Qdox7aVZeKNeHOW1elm_GeTE46MvAlmdUTu-_rcOkbyNnyUKh99YK1Iz0Cwq1fHiytmRZClHQbGZPK-5aDxSfdOzUOCta82sdDkemBsc9zFDN1nksuYox49kVIGzXN69SAMzxmX=w400-h225" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The double ax is believed to have been a ceremonial tool that males never used, maybe in ritual bull sacrifice. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It's also crucial to realize that, in contrast to Indo-European cultures, where the bull symbolized masculine strength, here the bull's horns were thought to represent female regeneration powers, particularly in Catal Hüyük, Turkey, and some have even suggested that their shape is similar to that of female reproductive organs. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The symbolism of the consecration horns that have been discovered in and around Knossos and Crete further demonstrates the significance of the bull horns. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Sir Arthur Evans rebuilt these horns on the western wall of the Palace of Knossos after realizing their importance. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">They are wonderful subjects for pictures! The ceremonial chopping of holy trees, another representation of the Goddess, was also considered to be done with an ax. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Another significant goddess emblem on the island of Crete was the bee. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It is generally known that the Minoans kept bees, and that the honey they collected was employed in ceremonies, as well as to embalm and preserve remains. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Priestesses of Demeter included bees or melissae as well as <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2021/07/goddess-artemis.html">Artemis</a> Ephesia, who, as was already noted, may have originated in Crete. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Bee buzzing was said to correspond to the Goddess' voice. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The majority of the discoveries made over decades of excavation at Knossos have remained unpublished, however in 1979, Peter Warren of Bristol University, who had spent more than thirty years working there, found child sacrifice bones. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">He conjectured that in a ritual to avert impending doom, their flesh was torn off the bones and fried with snails. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">To no avail, the volcanic explosion on the island of Santorini (Thera), which is situated north of Crete in the Mediterranean Sea, most likely marked the end of Minoan Crete. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">At this period, all of the other palaces on Crete vanished, perhaps wiped out by tidal surges brought on by the largest volcanic eruption ever recorded. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">While only Knossos managed to exist, this beautiful palace afterwards went into rapid decay and was never again erected or occupied. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Palace of Knossos has many of the ancient Minoan mysteries, despite the original frescoes. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Visitors to the site may take in various recreated elements of the Knossos central palace, many of which are on display in the Athens museum and the Archaeological Museum of Heraklion in Crete, respectively. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Beautifully painted columns and walls feature the vibrant colors of the Minoans, including hues of gold, black, red, blue, and green. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Both the most well-known murals associated with Knossos, such as the "three sister priestesses," "bull jumping," and the "plumed prince," as well as walls depicting worshippers in procession, include copies of the genuine frescos from this period. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">While touring the site, visitors may see the Throne Room and other fascinating spaces, such as the Queen's Megaron, which is claimed to have been home to the first flushing toilet. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Clay pipes still exist as evidence of the Minoans' drainage system knowledge. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">More than a thousand chambers were discovered in the multi-story building when Evans uncovered it. </span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">How to reach Knossos?</span></h2><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">4 miles (6.4 km) southeast of Heraklion, on the northern shore of Crete, is where you'll find Knossos. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">You may hire a private tour company with a guide on-site to explore Knossos. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">People traveling alone may use the public buses that routinely leave from Heraklion's Liberty Square and El Greco Park. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It will be difficult to determine who is knowledgeable, and few may concentrate on the significance of the Goddess, so it is best to come prepared with a map and guidebook or to make plans to hire a guide who can be found at the entrance. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The site is open everyday, however it is preferable to arrive early in the morning or late in the afternoon after the main influx of tourists have left. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The shops on the roadway leading up to the site provide the greatest Snake Goddess statue shopping for visitors to Knossos. </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville;">Get what you need right here. </span><span style="font-family: Baskervville;">Don't wait until Athens because there won't be as many options. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjVxCNq7sEt3aD6vMQwsp2CUoYvuJrSRfnJrz-etLoQfRhTHbNQoLfgLXHZBG2CDoA6vhTZX1wtwk6Dr7SPW48c8xXTHBgArO_p5qTknDEMMgcxtjkgdDOgnKfgZHXGXEesUUJrlTzdPKBOi8V3qU-_0HI1dt4CoZc9z10jr_wDbkufB4UN7YrxHP1Y" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="690" data-original-width="1200" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjVxCNq7sEt3aD6vMQwsp2CUoYvuJrSRfnJrz-etLoQfRhTHbNQoLfgLXHZBG2CDoA6vhTZX1wtwk6Dr7SPW48c8xXTHBgArO_p5qTknDEMMgcxtjkgdDOgnKfgZHXGXEesUUJrlTzdPKBOi8V3qU-_0HI1dt4CoZc9z10jr_wDbkufB4UN7YrxHP1Y=w400-h230" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville;"><span style="color: red; font-size: medium;">Delphi's Goddess Focus Oracle. </span></span></h2><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Only a few hours' drive from Athens lies the Greek town of Delphi, which is nestled along the slope of the magnificent Mount Parnassus. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Delphi, one of the most well-known oracle sites in antiquity, is a well-liked holy location today for both visitors and pilgrims. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to academic James Rietveld, who cited The Eumenides, Gaia, also known as the Earth, was the originator of prophecy. </span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjncGuIE67anaUSv-_znOBJBiL_KlnqTX2hR9PxRRNfT_W-gQ-IFLt4-exiQ-hPd8mRailzi1F1UdZ3a0NyN5ktfhKkzu8nohv-F2gcS_Q555h89h83kce1WE0gYkNTHg5DoxnTsxoTc6v6JHSqG0EUbWetg7Kp1BRadhR_yMvmipxlX12gYjcHPPSH" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="427" data-original-width="640" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjncGuIE67anaUSv-_znOBJBiL_KlnqTX2hR9PxRRNfT_W-gQ-IFLt4-exiQ-hPd8mRailzi1F1UdZ3a0NyN5ktfhKkzu8nohv-F2gcS_Q555h89h83kce1WE0gYkNTHg5DoxnTsxoTc6v6JHSqG0EUbWetg7Kp1BRadhR_yMvmipxlX12gYjcHPPSH=w400-h268" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The legendary Oracle of Delphi was given to Gaia's daughter <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-themis.html">Themis</a> long before it was acquired by the god Apollo. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Themis was an earlier chthonic goddess who had long been strongly tied with the Earth and death. </b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgVYWm-d6iBAW_BZhpkiyf-8hc4x9kCG3KpDupv-P7C7fg-0AT81B7avZOAF30vmYN071bD5m6kQxqUwmh731qdDN_lQRoU3sZZIXfpILDRBI14vuJj0wMlZwQhYXWO7ORMURZLcz3IxNcA8ydhah2aMOykgG5rHtcpitwwRdS4HAslZcXQgXYxcLft" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="279" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgVYWm-d6iBAW_BZhpkiyf-8hc4x9kCG3KpDupv-P7C7fg-0AT81B7avZOAF30vmYN071bD5m6kQxqUwmh731qdDN_lQRoU3sZZIXfpILDRBI14vuJj0wMlZwQhYXWO7ORMURZLcz3IxNcA8ydhah2aMOykgG5rHtcpitwwRdS4HAslZcXQgXYxcLft=w400-h258" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As a result, Delphi—whose landscape is covered with symbols of the Goddess—became regarded as the scene of conflict between the approaching Olympian gods and the previous order of chthonic goddesses. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In issues of life, death, and battle, leaders all throughout the Mediterranean world consulted the Pythia, or oracle priestess of Delphi. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She sat above the omphalos, considered to be the center of the universe, wearing white clothing and a gold headpiece. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She was breathing fumes that rose from the deep pit under her stool, which had a living snake coiling around its base. </span></p><p><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville;">According to ancient texts, the Pythia entered two separate trances, according to geologist Jelle Zeilinga De Boer and archaeologist John R. </span><span style="font-family: Baskervville;">Hale doing study at Delphi: </span></span></b></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg088zmCl4NhgPHKJa679dNhUxR63RNZQvZOSNBk6hkstOjuaOneuekAlvGKrpkkftrxCyuKNrC7x2G3uZmDpbq0sHMTks-nr4LCH6QK1qbynS9j6itm-ft9MoW4DlIirKMSwog0uzt4xI7OeYXyMlMs-GgQITdP9UG7Dnl7hacUJjhz_dlqP5Vt1rr" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="297" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg088zmCl4NhgPHKJa679dNhUxR63RNZQvZOSNBk6hkstOjuaOneuekAlvGKrpkkftrxCyuKNrC7x2G3uZmDpbq0sHMTks-nr4LCH6QK1qbynS9j6itm-ft9MoW4DlIirKMSwog0uzt4xI7OeYXyMlMs-GgQITdP9UG7Dnl7hacUJjhz_dlqP5Vt1rr=w317-h640" width="317" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville;"><br /><br /></span></span><p></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville;">T</span><span style="font-family: Baskervville;">ypically, she would be in "a benign semi-consciousness" that would enable her to respond to inquiries in "a curiously changed voice," or, less often, she would be in a "frenzied delirium marked by uncontrolled motions of the limbs, loud groans, and inarticulate screams." </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Pythia was commonly killed and replaced after the furious trance, according to Plutarch, who also said that after the benign trance, the Pythia was returned to a peaceful condition. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Due to claims that the divination by the Pythia was illogical, hazy, or unreliable, the counsel or prophesy she gave has been the focus of considerable discussion and conjecture. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The monks who assisted her in deciphering her prophesies are also thought to have had some effect on the responses. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Despite this, statues near the sanctuary's entry include inscriptions of gratitude for wars waged and victories, presumably on the Pythia's guidance. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Despite the claims made by ancient authors like Strabo and Plutarch (who served as an Apollonia priest at Delphi) that gaseous emissions caused the trance states, according to De Boer and Hale, modern academics did not think the prophesies were related to gaseous emissions. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">De Boer and Hale, however, think that the Pythia's trance states were indicative of exposure to the hydrocarbon gas ethylene after a geo-logical investigation of the site in 1996 and with the help of toxicologist Henry Spiller. </span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhx-FCCnU6ynJcLkFGyYubhkDzkhWR3aivsUefPr7_yf6ZAWrRQMAKIb86luOmdGu8KQDo6dqwTSUB9HaeKFk8N3Ma83WhbDupz-0hcwqM8eZ_Rc4B_jgB0nvfOPwhlM39HuEeWT0M8tpEupsL3E4rgPyb_ouIEjwsOm38DIypFmeWqa5uN3aSnTVvw" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="585" data-original-width="909" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhx-FCCnU6ynJcLkFGyYubhkDzkhWR3aivsUefPr7_yf6ZAWrRQMAKIb86luOmdGu8KQDo6dqwTSUB9HaeKFk8N3Ma83WhbDupz-0hcwqM8eZ_Rc4B_jgB0nvfOPwhlM39HuEeWT0M8tpEupsL3E4rgPyb_ouIEjwsOm38DIypFmeWqa5uN3aSnTVvw=w400-h258" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Down from the sanctuary lies the Castalian Spring, thought to have been used by the Pythia to ritually wash before giving pronouncements, however other accounts indicate it is the spot travelers cleaned themselves before their session with the oracle. </span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj9A2ZT-I-dLPHGSO1Q1XSih-IfKVKqYwqlu9FaMGPrkdudMowh5ZwDyeTCE0xe_6rDxQ6g9evz5_AC4Nn9Lisr4UZyNfXev8LBt-lY1RsboUeOdMJlQ25MsvXCNy8YqJvE-v-DcpbSj88M5CJ5ziZ3aLLpna1MlPM1ByYIprTd9zlKsjxXaBI7cGGD" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="854" data-original-width="1280" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj9A2ZT-I-dLPHGSO1Q1XSih-IfKVKqYwqlu9FaMGPrkdudMowh5ZwDyeTCE0xe_6rDxQ6g9evz5_AC4Nn9Lisr4UZyNfXev8LBt-lY1RsboUeOdMJlQ25MsvXCNy8YqJvE-v-DcpbSj88M5CJ5ziZ3aLLpna1MlPM1ByYIprTd9zlKsjxXaBI7cGGD=w400-h268" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>600 feet (180 m) down from the spring and across the street lies the spherical Temple of Pronaia Athena. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to legend, Athena helped to restore the power of the Goddess that the Olympians had stolen by guarding this holy place. </span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh6q1Hv6XvAxnKZ0rn5Aw2932LH6fTu-tbOjVgowzuQxqyT-5UJMuz1_gB3GRtX3ZbUBrVEDBmZtkY5f8Y8ITp1tcUBICtjTPeI_SWxK6ehuXrZHdzAKx2YtcrhpSKTQOvDD-vGCKgc5jnVwb-imMcDC-ShtmIAB51-xGIrK3DlKTQO7rGgd_nvbwDD" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1440" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh6q1Hv6XvAxnKZ0rn5Aw2932LH6fTu-tbOjVgowzuQxqyT-5UJMuz1_gB3GRtX3ZbUBrVEDBmZtkY5f8Y8ITp1tcUBICtjTPeI_SWxK6ehuXrZHdzAKx2YtcrhpSKTQOvDD-vGCKgc5jnVwb-imMcDC-ShtmIAB51-xGIrK3DlKTQO7rGgd_nvbwDD=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A beautiful museum is on-site as well as additional temples and monuments located on terraces around the slope of the archaeological site. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goddess Worship At Eleusis.</span></h2><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The mystai, or initiates of the elusive Eleusian Mysteries, who took an oath of secrecy never to reveal the secrets of their religion, made the Sanctuary of Demeter at Eleusis famous. </span></h3><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi8GoxGGJbG7tXRB4mGanQXt2EyVIUtWBouieR7_lWsqHWzAOaC6zBl84lpUTlY2KEd5fwe8MKoVcxXN5gGX2gHh6iMxPa5bzolaTdmK867RDve9R589ikGIOrJAepxRcbvKjq4Vv7e7vVEmTS9XTY_O8JxfvTSMilnVTlBj29eqJ2B-11hYl6T63K4" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="151" data-original-width="333" height="181" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi8GoxGGJbG7tXRB4mGanQXt2EyVIUtWBouieR7_lWsqHWzAOaC6zBl84lpUTlY2KEd5fwe8MKoVcxXN5gGX2gHh6iMxPa5bzolaTdmK867RDve9R589ikGIOrJAepxRcbvKjq4Vv7e7vVEmTS9XTY_O8JxfvTSMilnVTlBj29eqJ2B-11hYl6T63K4=w400-h181" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">They chose to remain silent, leaving modern researchers and practitioners with little more than flimsy proof for the majority of what happened within their ancient esoteric mysteries. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">But some of the most significant analogies for the Goddess as Earth Mother, the cyclical vegetation cycles she symbolizes, as well as the life cycle reflected inside a single individual, are found in the myths and mysteries of Demeter and Persephone. </span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgDSnBiuwcthydqI2t3MR6ONy7J0scbVl13M268bI1v6xs1A9MObq0sETI7bxus2FGy5NdotFLLeiF8gePKX5zJDSa18aQ3oA9siBnpvd_p6_n_Lwq1k1vdczPoVcN9H0KdhWeR4G1MfimCwq5MUXSDguxoBz__RaZG25bDGH2FRUFa4IffxnfSGODo" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="704" data-original-width="1400" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgDSnBiuwcthydqI2t3MR6ONy7J0scbVl13M268bI1v6xs1A9MObq0sETI7bxus2FGy5NdotFLLeiF8gePKX5zJDSa18aQ3oA9siBnpvd_p6_n_Lwq1k1vdczPoVcN9H0KdhWeR4G1MfimCwq5MUXSDguxoBz__RaZG25bDGH2FRUFa4IffxnfSGODo=w400-h201" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Pilgrims from all over the Mediterranean region came to Eleusis to participate in the mysteries that were taught there and celebrated, believing that doing so would open their eyes to the wonder of what life and death really entail. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Following the clergy, including a virgin priestess who carried the basket, or cista mystica, containing holy objects, or hiera, that would be used in the Greater Mysteries of Demeter once they reached their destination, hundreds, possibly thousands, of devotees traveled the 14 miles (22.4 km) from Athens to Eleusis and the Sanctuary of Demeter. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The narrative of Demeter and Persephone may be summarized as follows:</span></h3><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhn98YrlBRcxt15U2yEwdZExZC9nZFIKZmQDuPQs_4Ma-NYxK0I6S0tZ3iWl3GGcx0E_oOxuv6MbHgib42Pyl7u96MkKSSJj1A84y8YkG9UFf_nMDDIioKmjb-nLnsMRZB8muCFBSrooXKsfYJNECUMaBZ3U2seomHm3vBSbuAyhIjsLLIccrSmo13c" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="225" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhn98YrlBRcxt15U2yEwdZExZC9nZFIKZmQDuPQs_4Ma-NYxK0I6S0tZ3iWl3GGcx0E_oOxuv6MbHgib42Pyl7u96MkKSSJj1A84y8YkG9UFf_nMDDIioKmjb-nLnsMRZB8muCFBSrooXKsfYJNECUMaBZ3U2seomHm3vBSbuAyhIjsLLIccrSmo13c=w400-h400" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Persephone is collecting flowers with Athena and Artemis when all of a sudden, up from a fissure in the ground appears Hades, Lord of the Underworld on his chariot. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>For awhile Hades had his eye on the Virgin Goddess and decided he coveted her for himself, scooped Persephone up and carried her away with him. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Demeter, Persephone’s mother, explored the globe for her daughter for nine days in her guise as the crone. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She was then hired by a king, much as Isis had been in Byblos. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She immerses the king's son in flames every night in an effort to give him the gift of immortality. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Unaware of Demeter's kind intentions, the queen happened to see this rite one night and immediately erupted in rage as any responsible mother would. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Then Demeter made her identity known to the royal pair and their people and asked that a temple be built at Eleusis for her. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">They agreed. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Demeter still grieves over the loss of her daughter Persephone. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She is so depressed that the earth becomes barren, the vegetation stops growing, and the population is on the verge of famine. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In time Zeus urges that Hades restore Persephone to Demeter — because whose else would be left on Earth to serve the immortals? Hades grudgingly concedes, but trickster that he is, he tempts Persephone to ingest a pomegranate seed before she leaves the Netherworld, an act that compels her to return to him for one third of every year. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">When Persephone is in Tartarus, or the underworld regions, Demeter yearly mourns, hence the crops do not grow. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">When Persephone comes to the surface Demeter is happy and the seedlings shoot out and multiply, feeding the people and everyone lives happily for another year. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In a different telling of the tale, the Goddess <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2021/07/goddess-baubo.html">Baubo</a> dances in a lewd manner, exposing her yoni to the bereaved Demeter. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Demeter laughs at Baubo's ridiculous antics, and her holy light is made visible. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The crops grew quickly as the earth once again saw light, and daily life continued as normal. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Demeter was reminded of the strength of fertility and creation connected to the cycles of birth, life, death, and rebirth by the sight of Baubo's yoni. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The return of Persephone from the Underworld into her mother's waiting arms was also a metaphor for these ideas. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Persephone, the Virgin Goddess of possibility is connected with the seedling which will shoot forth new life. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As the cycle of life (and vegetation) progresses, they will grow, die, and be reborn, so the myths provide wisdom and comprehension of the cycles of life. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">When Demeter and Persephone (or Kore) are considered as two components of a single entity, the three phases of a woman's existence—maiden, mother, and crone—can be understood as illustrative of the life cycle inside a single individual. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to scholars, these secrets may have been present at numerous Eleusian Mysteries in the form of plays, festivals, and enactments. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Middle Eastern and African locations linked with Inanna and Dumuzzi, Isis and Osiris, <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2021/06/goddess-aphrodite.html">Aphrodite</a> and Adonis, and, while being a contentious idea, Mary and Jesus all refer to the same motif of the dying and rising monarch. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to religious expert James Rietveld, the cult of Demeter's religion has always been highly regarded. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Everett Ferguson, cited by the author, explains that the rites at Eleusis were originally private to one family but later became available to all residents of the town before being adopted by all of Attica. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The religion of Eleusis eventually expanded as it became accessible to people deemed "Barbarians," notably the residents of the Roman Empire, and it eventually became a worldwide religious system, available to anyone regardless of race or place of birth. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Women, slaves, and foreigners were allowed to the Eleusinian Mysteries, according to Walter Burkert, whereas Simon Price, another eminent researcher, claims that there is just one requirement for admission: "the applicant for initiation should be pure and not of incomprehensible speech." </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>An initiate only needed to overcome the obstacle of the travel expense of the undertaking once that requirement was met. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Traveling to Eleusis was costly, as was finding a sacrifice goat, not to mention the initiation price. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">But where there is a will, there is a way. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">On the 16th of Boedromion (the month of September), initiates, or mystes, cleaned themselves in the sea with their piglet, which would later be sacrificed as a sacrifice to Demeter. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This was one notably public ceremony of the Greater Mysteries of Demeter. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some academics contend that the purification of the initiates was genuinely sanctified by the pig's blood. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This ocean plunge is compared by Rietveld to "Christian baptism," in which the society saw these external behaviors as signs of an inside change. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Author Jennifer Reif describes the feasts and festivities of Demeter and Persephone that corresponded to the life cycles of the grain and the agricultural season in her book "Mysteries of Demeter, Rebirth of the Pagan Way." </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Depending on the geography of the area, Mother and Maiden, Demeter and Persephone were celebrated during the Chloaia Spring Festival anytime between February and March. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The harvest celebration was Thargelia, while the threshing festival was Kalamaia. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Reif sees the initial phase of the Skira Festival as Persephone's entry into the underworld, and the festival's final phase as the storing of the grain underground. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Stenia Festival was a recreation of Baubo's sensual humor convincing Demeter to let go of her dark side and revert to the fruitful mother she once was at the Proerosia Festival, which dealt with preplowing ceremonies. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to Reif's interpretation of the Arkichronia Festival, gifts from the immortals are mixed with the seed before any planting is done to create fertility talismans. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The last three festivals are Nestia, when Persephone departs Hades, Kalligenia, when Persephone (as Kore) ascends to Earth where the planting may begin, and finally Haloa, as mother and daughter pleasure in the beginning of the growth time. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to writers Rufus and Lawson, the initiated Eleusian clergy, termed “epoptai,” together with initiates, assembled in the telesterion to witness the mysteries. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">When they had finished their duty, they said: "I fasted; I drank the draught; I took from the chest; having done my task, I deposited in the basket; and from the basket into the chest." </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This is known as the "formula of the Eleusian Mysteries," according to Clement of Alexandria (Exhortations to the Greeks, II.18). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some people think that a vision of Persephone's homecoming may have come true or perhaps been seen as a "Great Light." </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">One papyrus fragment from the reign of Emperor Hardian (117–138 CE), in reference to the mysteries of Eleusis, reads: "I have seen the fire... </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">I have seen the Kore." Others claim that a corn ear that represented a complex array of meanings was offered to the crowd. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Some people still think that sexual rites may have played some role in the mysteries. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Without a doubt, the hierophant displayed the heira, or holy objects. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Suggestions for these items are offered by scholar Walter Burkert: mortar and pestle, assorted cakes, balls of salt, a serpent, pomegranates, fig branches, fennel stalks, ivy leaves, poppies, marjoram, a lamp, a sword, a woman’s comb and symbols of Ge Themis. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">These holy items would be consistent with the mysteries' purported purpose of instructing initiates on the meaning of life and death because the pomegranate, stalks, and leaves served as symbols of rebirth while the poppies and serpent served as symbols of death. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Plutarch equates initiating into philosophy to seeing a brilliant light inside the inner sanctuary, and according to Professor Marvin Meyer, this may have been one of the mysteries. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The debate over whether Persephone was truly raped is another significant and fascinating component connected to this tale. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Reif disagrees with this patriarchal method of Persephone's dominance. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Even the pomegranate served as a tool for subduing the Goddess. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She thinks Persephone might have entered the Underworld, a terrifying place, with some apprehension but no fear of being raped. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">(And keep in mind that she has Hekate to help her and guide her.) She argues that the mysteries had a focus on materialism and persisted during the patriarchal Greek era, and she points out that the majority of initiates were female. </span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The ancient order of the Goddess existed before the era of patriarchy, when female goddesses were ruled by the Olympians. </span></h2><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Readers should bear this in mind while they read about Demeter. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Reif is steadfast in her view that, “women would not adopt this concept of a relationship based on violence as the basis of their theology.” Other academics are starting to question the veracity of this rape version of the myth more frequently. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to author Clarissa Pinkola Estes, "Women were directed to the Underworld at the period of the matriarchies by profound feminine energies," and according to Charleen Spretnak, there is evidence that the original myth did not include rape until the advent of patriarchy in society. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Today, visitors can see the Callichoros, the Eschara, a pit where sacrifices were made, and other parts of the Sacred Way. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Ploutonium, a sacred cave thought to be where Persephone entered and left the Underworld in order to live with Hades/Pluto, and the well where it is thought that women danced and prayed. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The omphalos, the sacred navel that spans the chasm between heaven and earth, was located inside the cave, just as it was at Delphi. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Here, the players encountered a young boy who had been chosen by lot to serve as the "boy of the hearth" in place of Demophoon, the king's son, who had been purified into pure spirit by his concerned mother before being granted immortality by Demeter. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">What's left of the Telesterion, where the initiations took place, is visible beyond. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Originally, this building's dimensions were 177 feet (54 meters) by 170 feet (52 meters), and it had 22 columns supporting the roof and tiers of stone stairs for seats all the way around the walls. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">During ritual occasions, the peaked roof of the Telesterion would open up to form a chimney, permitting massive displays of fire and smoke to erupt from the enigmatic structure. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">An intriguing side fact about the Priestess of Demeter is she was the only married woman authorized to watch the Olympics. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">While married women were prohibited from attending the games under threat of death, maidens may watch the Olympics to perhaps scout possible partners. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Given that an old shrine and temple to Demeter was situated right in the midst of the stadium's seating area, Professor Thomas Scanlon hypothesizes that the priestess of Demeter may have had access to it. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">How to go to Eleusis?</span></h2><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The landscape of Eleusis reflects the contours typically recognized as ideal holy sites that embody the Feminine, like many places selected in ancient times as sacred domains of Goddess. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Although it still enjoys a close proximity to water and mountains, the once-lush and fertile Eleusis is now situated in the unappealing industrial region of Elefsina in Attica. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">However, given the significance of the location, it is necessary to ignore some recent developments that occasionally cause the air to become polluted and unpleasant. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Public bus # 853 or #862 service is available from Eleftherios Square in Athens, which is roughly an hour's drive away, to get you there. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">After getting off the bus, go roughly three blocks in the direction of the water while observing the clearly defined signage. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">On-site there is a museum. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">THE "OTHER" ELEUSIS' RAPE. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Religion expert Marguerite Rigoglioso makes a very convincing case for Lake Pergusa in Sicily as the exact location for the abduction of the Maiden Goddess Persephone by Hades, Lord of the Underworld, cited in Classical Greek myths, in her tantalizing book in progress, The "Other" Eleusis Mysticism & Misogyny in the Navel of Sicily. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She also provides evidence from archaeology, history, linguistics, and anthropology that the cult honoring the mother-daughter goddesses Demeter and Persephone was formerly practiced at the ancient city of Enna near Lake Pergusa. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In contrast to the myth in which Persephone is raped by Hades, Rigoglioso suggests that Persephone's fall was one of initiation into the Female Blood Mysteries of menarche. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">He provides compelling and thought-provoking evidence for this claim. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Finally, the author contends that Enna eclipsed even Eleusis in importance as a center of healing and a destination for women's mysteries. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Needless to say, enough has been presented to substantiate Lake Pergusa and the adjacent environs as an important and newly emerging sacred site, but why list Lake Pergusa under Gaia alert? Today Lake Pergusa looks more like a swamp than the sacred lake described as an Eden by historian Enrico Sinicropi as recently as 1958. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">About the same time Sinicropi was enjoying the splendors of the region, construction began on a four mile autodrome or race track around the perimeter of the lake. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Over the years, the lake has gotten filled with silt, vegetative debris, and toxic runoff from the autodrome. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Lake Pergusa keeps drying up every year. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The lake was only three feet deep when last measured, down from its former 21-foot (6.4-meter) depth (0.9 m). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Its circumference has dropped from 5 miles (8 km) in diameter to 3 miles (4.8 km) as the lake vanishes. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Activists in the region have continuously experienced pushback from local politicians and “under world figures” more concerned with loss of money should the racetrack be removed than than the environmental effect of the racing track on the lake and neighboring animals. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As Nature is the Goddess, even the Feminine embodied, Rigoglioso compares this abuse, neglect and exploitation of Lake Pergusa, the womb of the Mother, to the rape of Persephone as the Divine Feminine. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Local environmentalists need a boost of morale, cash, and worldwide pressure to keep up their efforts. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">If you desire to assist in any manner, go to www.lakepergusa.org to discover contact information with activists who speak English or Italian who would welcome your support. </span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiTlUemiASs5CODNQ2XU_JC5g0jDK2wvjoiQv0hRH5eM4L9vAS22uI0W4eQbky36I_JchBlsyK3F9h04drg7TWKP7OCF21eKxeQm8MabuO8Rihp2qKltlPhP8kM_QEYn43oJG0qajb9sR3azGROYR4Ea9yDqscdhBWZwJj1fPM46X85sHc-uQVc8ONV" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="276" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiTlUemiASs5CODNQ2XU_JC5g0jDK2wvjoiQv0hRH5eM4L9vAS22uI0W4eQbky36I_JchBlsyK3F9h04drg7TWKP7OCF21eKxeQm8MabuO8Rihp2qKltlPhP8kM_QEYn43oJG0qajb9sR3azGROYR4Ea9yDqscdhBWZwJj1fPM46X85sHc-uQVc8ONV=w400-h265" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Temple of Hera.</span></h2><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Located on a Greek island two miles off the Turkish mainland, the Temple of <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/05/goddess-hera.html">Hera </a>on Samos, has been a holy shrine of Goddess since Neolithic times. </b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhnQoRfusx__hjlGOdpvy6jezlwGrgatdl4JgZh2g_TPR6WVnFGxC3iJ9PSLMsxZexfDaSFD9r2y694lk29UPVNBDpRcbwtrhKNjOYNfDrI59M71D43BEvhAbo_KxwanrG4qTX0vr_8AS90Dhk2a0jCD_MPU9i3xUUlhpdHg93zD1efQlz9ePxhvzcQ" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="674" data-original-width="1024" height="264" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhnQoRfusx__hjlGOdpvy6jezlwGrgatdl4JgZh2g_TPR6WVnFGxC3iJ9PSLMsxZexfDaSFD9r2y694lk29UPVNBDpRcbwtrhKNjOYNfDrI59M71D43BEvhAbo_KxwanrG4qTX0vr_8AS90Dhk2a0jCD_MPU9i3xUUlhpdHg93zD1efQlz9ePxhvzcQ=w400-h264" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Heraeum is home to eight layers of prehistoric remains dating back to 2500 BCE, making it, along with Argos, one of the most significant Hera temples in the Mediterranean region. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Over the centuries, there have been several temples dedicated to the Goddess that have burned down or been destroyed by floods, but in the first century CE, the historian Strabo recounts the scene that travelers would have seen as they approached the island. </span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEicjmdf0FfhedNbYDEBYuYnlJ46jn0EWseMfYlaVbhYUkNG8k3-cVszhbG-_R8HmK3i9pbpsvHrnI-mnR9VeSM91N9Do7eOyiDQXuLnGSyu__1jtHMnaLZR_b7A6grzrqO3B0yVOEWOTwCfQ4dNMwCJE6Cp9hJtE0iGU_t9N8oUSBLBN97ChIOKUfZS" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="625" data-original-width="500" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEicjmdf0FfhedNbYDEBYuYnlJ46jn0EWseMfYlaVbhYUkNG8k3-cVszhbG-_R8HmK3i9pbpsvHrnI-mnR9VeSM91N9Do7eOyiDQXuLnGSyu__1jtHMnaLZR_b7A6grzrqO3B0yVOEWOTwCfQ4dNMwCJE6Cp9hJtE0iGU_t9N8oUSBLBN97ChIOKUfZS=w320-h400" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Travelers would have been astonished by the Temple of Poseidon on a peninsula of Mount Mycale. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The Heraeum, the shrine, and the Temple of Hera would be visible to the left. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The temple precinct's small chapels were said to be filled with artwork, some of which were open to the sky where many statues were kept, and the shrine was said to have been a repository of numerous votive tablets. </span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi3b3rPY7o9_U-_EEj7w1Kk8noItF_UkPdv3wLcFNTiQ4sMfhg6XqeWbM2lxqOJaM6dDbsU_DLOwohA4YKfVuaiw8ir9b2-Spxm_gqfbmQQ08abq6xWV4geNM9a_rQxGkrNBp-OPprWbGAGqIUVLGc0F1CuYqEASMwwZLjCPECYEdtCTHetFwb-Podu" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="736" data-original-width="1200" height="245" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi3b3rPY7o9_U-_EEj7w1Kk8noItF_UkPdv3wLcFNTiQ4sMfhg6XqeWbM2lxqOJaM6dDbsU_DLOwohA4YKfVuaiw8ir9b2-Spxm_gqfbmQQ08abq6xWV4geNM9a_rQxGkrNBp-OPprWbGAGqIUVLGc0F1CuYqEASMwwZLjCPECYEdtCTHetFwb-Podu=w400-h245" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some of the most noteworthy sculptures inside the holy complex were those of Athena, Heracles and Zeus. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Hera's Temple was situated next to the Imbrasus River, where according to tradition Hera bathed yearly to restore her virginity and therefore restore the endless cycle of life. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In this respect, she is very much like Aphrodite who was yearly washed at her temple on the island of <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/07/goddess-worship-in-france.html">Cypress</a>. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>It was thought that their emergence or rebirth from the waters, their virginity restored, was associated with the advent of spring and all its blossoming potential. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The daughter of Thea and Cronos, Hera, is said to have been born beneath a sacred willow tree connected to her cult on the Imbrasus riverbank. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In this location, she was also believed to have wed the patriarchal Olympian Zeus, though legend has it that their marriage was never happy. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Hera is a very old goddess, having existed in Greece long before the Olympians did. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Patricia Monaghan speculates that since Hera roughly translates to "Our Lady," she may have actually gone by a different name. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She was a woman of independence and dignity before the Greeks turned her into a petulant and envious figure. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Hera's changing personae throughout the classical period represent a change in religion and society from the veneration of the old chthonic Goddess to a Goddess with a new image that was more in line with patriarchal values. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goddesses were subject to male deities, frequently yielding their powers to them, even being created from male gods. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Monaghan states that Hera, the Goddess of women and sexuality, went through three periods of life: maiden, mother, and crone. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Each of them may be regarded as youth, prime, and old age, likewise portraying mortal females. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It is not surprising that female devotees of Hera participated in competitive games, similar to how female devotees of Artemis and Hekate did, given the temple's close proximity to Turkey. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Monaghan claims women worshipped Hera by enjoying these games held every four years, (perhaps yearly) which precedes the Olympics widely understood to have taken place in Greece purely among men. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Heraea games were held, and the women who competed were the epitome of empowerment, independence, and strength. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to a bronze figurine of a girl running from 560 BCE, they were wearing a short garment with a "off the shoulder chiton" that showed their right breast and shoulder. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Professor Thomas Scanlon explains that rather than being a garment worn by Amazon warrior women, this garment was an adaptation of a hot weather garment worn by men at the time. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to Monaghan, the three age groups that took part in the Heraea corresponded to the three stages of a woman's life. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">One of the games believed to have been played in Argos was the 160 yard sprint. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Monaghan reports there were three victors who earned an olive branch crown and a portion in the cow which was slaughtered during the event. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The cow was sacrificed in honor of Hera who was venerated by the people as their “cow-eyed sky queen.” </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Competitors who prevailed also received the right to erect a statue of themselves in Hera's temple. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Scanlon reports that participants in a slightly different version of the games ranged in age from six to 18 years. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>According to Scanlon, who cites the ancient author Pausanias, one competition, a footrace for maidens, had a course that was one-sixth the size of the men's track to account for the shorter stride of the female gender. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The winners' portraits were hung in niches inside Hera's Temple, and they also received an olive wreath crown and a portion of an ox that had been killed. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to Monaghan, Hera personified the following three Goddesses over the three various eras of her existence. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She was Hebe or Parthenia as the virgin maid, which had nothing to do with propriety. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She was also known as Antheia, the "flowering one." She went by the names Nymphenomene or Teleia during her prime. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The first one denoted "looking for a partner," and the second, "the ideal partner." She was Theira in her final crone years, beyond motherhood, wise beyond her years, and guardian of the sacred bloods within her womb. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>In the afore mentioned ceremony of regaining her virginity on the riverside, Hebe or Parthenia was her emerging essence when clerics washed her statue in ritual at the river. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Probably twice more throughout the year, as the season faded, her statue would be taken by her clergy down to the waters and it was assumed Hera would emerge in the corresponding mature or death/crone aspect of Teleia or Theira to match with the cycle of year presently being celebrated. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Prior to the invasion of Greece by the patriarchal tribes, Hera was said to have no partner, and Monaghan characterizes Hera's adoration as being intense. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She employs parthenogenesis, having produced and borne her son Hephaestos of herself. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Zeus, the patriarch of Olympia, and Hera eventually underwent a sort of marriage that started an iffy alliance between Goddess and God. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Monaghan accurately depicts her as “making a legendary nuisance of herself to the father emblem of the patriarchy.” </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Hera’s temple precinct on Samos was demolished and rebuilt multiple times, but at its pinnacle, the holy structure was described as a forest of columns that held huge sculptures, shrines and temples to other goddesses. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The astounding length of the Sacred Way, which led to the Heraeum's entrance, was 15,750 feet (4,800 meters). </b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi5O5L_eKswEvPM_e4lmMbPSaNHs0V6Wnu5WibVyQDzZK4dUJ-BdSIIy6GaqQ8ZEA9d2IW4THPpgaTDZVIMaJxd0eg2VaFny0ff3vwKuGeKLr8UVD4Ceb4QnW0uuNDNBz1PSVNkKcP1t90gDL2ADj33ut19GQp9nU0H7ehBeJ_hYdVMu5BkPiZu8kKk" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="571" data-original-width="1000" height="229" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi5O5L_eKswEvPM_e4lmMbPSaNHs0V6Wnu5WibVyQDzZK4dUJ-BdSIIy6GaqQ8ZEA9d2IW4THPpgaTDZVIMaJxd0eg2VaFny0ff3vwKuGeKLr8UVD4Ceb4QnW0uuNDNBz1PSVNkKcP1t90gDL2ADj33ut19GQp9nU0H7ehBeJ_hYdVMu5BkPiZu8kKk=w400-h229" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It was a profound temple, so much so that it served as the model for Ephesus' Artemis Temple, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Only a single column and a few shorter pillar stumps from Hera's once-massive temple remain today, in no way denoting the great Ancient Mother she once was. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">To the east of the Great Temple are foundation remnants of a 5th century CE chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary thus blending once again, as occurs so many times over, the essence of Goddess in pre-Christian times with that of her Christian descendent. </span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">How to go to the Hera Temple?</span></h2><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Samos is part of a group of islands in the northeast Aegean that are closest to Turkey. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As evidenced by the somewhat irregular plane and boat schedules to the island, little tourism is practiced there. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Excursion boats, steamers, and hydrofoils occasionally, if not daily, depart from neighboring islands. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">There are options for flights from Athens, as well as daily boat departures, but the boat trip takes 13 hours. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">If arriving by aircraft, take an airline shuttle or cab from the airport into Samostown where a taxi may be booked to reach the major city of Pythagorian. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Bikes or cabs are possibilities to reach Hera’s temple from town. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">One daily public bus travels the trip or walking may take a little more than an hour. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Try to view the museum in Samostown with its items devoted to Hera, as well as the Eupalinus Tunnel, an engineering wonder from ancient days that transported water into town. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This 105-meter (383-foot) underground tunnel is a "must see." Goddess Attention. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Delos – Sacred Archaeological Isle of Goddess.# As one journeys across the blue-green sea from Mykonos toward Delos, the gentle rocking of the boat and the island ahead getting ever closer creates a trancelike trip leading tourists from the ordinary world into the holy. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In ancient times Delos was described in Homer’s The Odyssey as a well-known religious site. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Inhabited now solely by French archaeologists and island caretakers working on the island, Delos with all its temples, mosaics, buildings, and great museum is a treasure trove of religious monuments devoted to a myriad of goddesses. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>This isle is one place supposed to be where the pregnant Leto, paramour of Zeus, sought sanctuary from the envious Hera. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The other was at Ephesus. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Leto is claimed to have given birth to her twins, Apollo and Artemis, here under a palm tree. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Throughout its history, the island has undergone two purifications to rid it of the impure. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The dying and pregnant women were forbidden from entering the island, and the deceased were exhumed and reburied elsewhere. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Many cultures, such as the Egyptians, Syrians, Phoenicians, Palestinians, Jews, Greeks, and Romans, all settled nearby the harbor over time. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It seems sense that there would be temples to Athena, Artemis, <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2021/07/goddess-atargatis.html">Atargatis</a>, Aphrodite, Hera, Demeter, Leto, and Tanit at a location where so many different cultures coexist. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>One of the better repaired temples contains two Doric style columns and is dedicated to the Egyptian Goddess, Isis. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It is placed atop a high site and her headless statue is inside her shrine, which is near to an unrestored temple of ▲ The headless statue of Isis, who was the wife of the God Serapis, still remains at her temple on Delos Island in the Aegean Sea. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Artemision, the temple of Artemis, which was originally one of the main places of devotion on the island, is another structure that has undergone repair. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to scholar Walter Burkert, "the Horn Altar of Artemis on Delos, which was fashioned from goat horns and regarded as one of the wonders of the world," was a significant site of sacrifice. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Both temples provide stunning views of the island and the Mediterranean Sea beyond.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html"><b>~Kiran Atma</b></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div><span style="color: #ffa400; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Kiran-Atma/e/B08WLY9VRY/">Amazon</a> | <a href="https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/21197594.Kiran_Atma">Goodreads</a> | <a href="https://twitter.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Twitter</a> | <a href="https://www.facebook.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Facebook</a> | <a href="https://www.instagram.com/kiran.atma/">Instagram</a> | <a href="https://www.pinterest.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Pinterest</a></b></span></div><div><span style="color: #ffa400; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #ffa400; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><script>mbtTOC();</script>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5979151747663163869.post-82355790391216137802022-07-25T09:35:00.016-07:002022-10-24T14:38:42.963-07:00Goddess Worship In France<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIOrg-4sdtPHcr9UIfJUB3ncYHSG2hTKFzGQYoIJYc6PohICY-aYn9KvIODfKbIFExNIk0AJ9pq0YaBfnr8p4VNGyfkke58g5vQBfKiwuuW0r05xVgS6JtXKmDZQp9E3F5Sj7uRLqgcY6x0j_KZnPCv4WFiGt0q54krjB6r3y4RP-ZSPWGEhA592ra/s600/Pagan-Roman-Italian-European-Wiccan-Goddess-Diana-KiranAtma-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="414" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIOrg-4sdtPHcr9UIfJUB3ncYHSG2hTKFzGQYoIJYc6PohICY-aYn9KvIODfKbIFExNIk0AJ9pq0YaBfnr8p4VNGyfkke58g5vQBfKiwuuW0r05xVgS6JtXKmDZQp9E3F5Sj7uRLqgcY6x0j_KZnPCv4WFiGt0q54krjB6r3y4RP-ZSPWGEhA592ra/w276-h400/Pagan-Roman-Italian-European-Wiccan-Goddess-Diana-KiranAtma-1.jpg" width="276" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><p></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">How Prevalent Was Goddess Worship In France?</span></h2><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goddess has survived in quiet confidence, even though she was sometimes hidden, despite the rigors of patriarchy and the suffering of the Inquisition, which devastated many of those women and men who lived near to Goddess and her gifts of the land, animals, and the seasons</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The holy geometry of architecture and stained glass, which were made by the sweat and tenacity of people who revered her, incorporates the essence of the Divine Feminine</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Given that both <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-isis-or-auset.html">Isis</a> and <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2021/07/goddess-artemis.html">Artemis</a> of the Ephesians were referred to as "Our Lady," Gothic architecture and symbolism in the multitude of cathedrals that sprung up in the Middle Ages are devoted the Goddess in the guise of "Our Lady," the Virgin Mary, thus Notre Dame</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some people think Gothic cathedrals' almond-shaped lancet windows and arches, which mirror female genitalia, depict the exact qualities of female anatomy</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Common images on stained glass windows with symbolism based in Goddess worship include roses, bees, and wheat</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The congregation was often thought of as the Bride of Christ, and the Church itself was frequently described in feminine terms</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The majority of what has been written about the Jesus of Gnostic scriptures, a proponent of the feminine and thought by many to be descended from consorts of the Goddess, would be impossible for him to recognize, much alone the Kingdom he proclaimed</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The natural feminine principle persisted in the metaphorical underworld, hidden beneath the veil of the Black Madonna, and in the persona of the Virgin Mary since patriarchal faiths were unable to eradicate the people's love and yearning for it or the love and stability the Goddess offered</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She may also be seen in locations in France's countryside that are linked to Mary Magdalene</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The reawakened herstory is fairly obvious when seen through the lens of our pilgrimage to holy places</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">What Are Signs Of The Divine Feminine At Chartres?</span></h2><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Chartres Cathedral has a wide range of elements and ideas that personify the Feminine Divine unlike any other single building</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The location of the existing cathedral, which is devoted to the Virgin Mary, has long been revered by the Earth Mother</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Druids, originally known by the name Carnute, are said to have worshiped here in the sacred grove, honing their esoteric abilities at the holy spring while being in close proximity to nature</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to legend, the indigenous tribes worshiped a goddess whose representation showed her giving birth</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The place was later selected as the location for a large Christian edifice, as was the case with so many important pagan sites</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Here, construction on a Romanesque cathedral began in 1020 but was abandoned when it was damaged by fire in 1194</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Only the west front, south tower, and crypt were left of this building</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Curiously, the Veil of the Virgin was the only part of the precious artifacts kept in this magnificent cathedral that had survived</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The old church was quickly replaced with a Gothic cathedral, which was finished in in 25 years, in 1250 CE</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The worshippers of the Goddess at Chartres simply started referring to her as the Virgin Mary after realizing that she was one and the same person</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to writers Anneli Rufus and Kristan Lawson, Catholic authorities came up with the phrase "prefigurations of the Virgin" to describe representations of Mary made before her birth</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This is another another way in which Mary and the Goddess are assimilated</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The tremendous appeal of Chartres, often referred to be the greatest of the French Gothic cathedrals, communicates to the devout who have always been attracted here</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It is well known that renowned scholar and mythologist Joseph Campbell reflected on the profound effect this hallowed spot had on his <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-psyche.html">psyche</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A Black Virgin, the garment of the Virgin Mary, the aforementioned holy well, the labyrinth on the floor, sacred geometry, feminine architecture, and the well-known rose stained glass windows are just a few examples of the extensive array of Goddess images found there</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The substantial subterranean crypt is a portion of the old pagan shrine that was on the location from the beginning and extends from below the building up</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Two galleries that run side by side and Saint Lubin's vault, which dates to the ninth century, are included in the biggest crypt in France</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Directly below the church nave is where the original figure of the Mother Goddess giving birth, now known as Our Lady Underground or Notre Dame de Sous-terre, may be found</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The duplicate that now stands in the crypt in place of the original statue, which is said to have been destroyed during the French Revolution</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She is categorized as a Black Madonna since she was carved in the Romanesque style from dark brown wood</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Another of her nicknames is Our Lady of the Crypt, and she is set onto the altar of that chapel</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The crypt is open for tours, but unlike in Malta, don't anticipate the guides to concentrate on the pagan origins of the well or statue</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As one moves farther inside the cathedral, they come to the second Black Virgin, Notre Dame de Pilier, whose name may relate to either the 10-foot (3-m) pillar she stands on or the pillar that formerly stood in the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She is only one of several Black Madonnas or Black Virgins that may be seen all across Europe</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">(Notable Black Madonnas may also be found at Montserrat, Spain, and LePuy, France.) Because the Madonna and Child statues depict continuity between the pagan Goddess and the Virgin Mary, as well as how the Goddess persisted in peoples' public and spiritual life via Mary, these symbols are crucial to goddess spirituality</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Like the aforementioned early tribes, Mary and the Goddess are identical in the eyes of many Goddess supporters</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A further layer of assimilation between the symbolism of the enthroned Egyptian Goddess Isis holding her son Horus in her lap similarly to how Mary carries the infant Christ is the acceptance by many that Jesus is the son of the Goddess</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Jesus, who has been referred to as the son of <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-sophia.html">Sophia</a>, is readily integrated into the image of Horus</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The name of Isis has been discovered to remain on several of these Black Virgins' painted surfaces</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It's important for readers to keep in mind that Mary, <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/02/who-is-goddess-cybele.html">Cybele</a>, and Isis were all referred to as "Queen of Heaven" and had their sons via non-natural methods</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">When church authorities are questioned about the Black Madonna's black complexion, they sometimes offer the ludicrous claim that the sculptures are dark because of candle smoke soot, never acknowledging any connection to the Goddess</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As subsequent site entries in this book will demonstrate, several of these monuments just "appeared" to farmers and fishermen in a magical way</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some claim that these sculptures with black complexion were brought back by Crusader warriors</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">There are several theories about the blackness of her complexion, with some academics suggesting that the Black and Brown Madonnas came from Africa or were related to the darker-skinned Isis and Artemis</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goddess Spirituality practitioners often use her blackness as a metaphor for the Goddess' identity being "veiled" beneath Mary's persona</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some believe that her blackness is a metaphor for the Gnosticism and alchemy she embodied, or for the unfathomable depths of Wisdom or Sophia, the dark, unknowable "knowing." When describing Chartres, scholar Margaret Starbird says that it developed into a "center of enlightenment, the center of a worship of Maria-Sophia, a goddess of knowledge." Her chthonic powers of regeneration may perhaps be linked with her blackness</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Her darkness is also connected to the Grail and Mary Magdalene legends that have become part of popular culture</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Whatever the particular causes of her darkness—and there were undoubtedly many—there was a rise of interest in and adoration for the Feminine, which explains why there were so many Madonnas and Cathedrals built throughout the Middle Ages</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As pilgrimages to these representations of the Divine Feminine gained popularity, great craftsmen like the Templars and Freemasons focused on creating cathedrals in her honor that incorporated holy geometry into their architecture</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">One of these components is the spire, which has ties to the sun and moon and harmoniously unites the masculine and feminine</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Sacred geometry often included this cosmological link, attributing a divine balance and harmony, not to mention the order of the celestial bodies</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The design and building of Chartres, according to Starbird, were carried out by the Knights of the Temple, also known as the Knights Templar, who sought to reinstate the feminine element in medieval society</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Templars "had access to the exoteric learning of the ancient world," according to the author, "perhaps preserved in Islamic literature that members of the order met in the Middle East." Their understanding of mathematics and engineering gave rise to the Gothic architectural style, which quickly expanded over Europe between 1130 and 1250 as if on purpose</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to her, the guild that constructed Chartres was known as the Children of Solomon, which is a clear allusion to the King of Jerusalem who is believed to have penned the Song of Solomon, which serves as a metaphor for the "holy marriage." She shares an intriguing story about medieval Gypsies who thought the Notre Dame buildings in northern France were built to resemble the constellation Virgo in reverse</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Prior to the Inquisition, cathedral architecture and popular culture were thriving centers for the ancient arts and sciences of astrology, alchemy, mysticism, and psychology</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The images of the Virgin in stained glass, such as the rose windows connected to Mary Magdalene and the Grail stories, are imagery in which the Feminine dwells inside Chartres</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some people think that Chartres' lancet windows symbolize the feminine vulva, the womb of conception and regeneration</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Thousands of pilgrims from the Middle Ages visited this location to venerate the garment and girdle that are believed to be those of the Virgin Mary</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Elinor Gadon claims that Mary was dressed in the tunic when Gabriel informed her that she would become the mother of God, and that the girdle fell from her body when she was taken up into heaven during the Assumption</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The 11-circuit labyrinth engraved on the church floor is the last component of Chartres to be discussed, despite the abundance of Mary-related artworks throughout the building</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It is claimed to be the same size as the aforementioned rose window and is 42 feet (13 m) wide</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">While labyrinths were a common feature of medieval churches, this one is said to have a brass plaque at its center that features images of Theseus, the Minotaur, and Ariadne, all of whom are connected to Goddess legend from Minoan Crete (some interpret Ariadne guiding Theseus out of the labyrinth as a metaphor for rebirth)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The term labrys, which refers to the Minoan people of Crete's holy double-sided ax, is closely related to the word labyrinth, which means "House of the Double Ax." The contemplative trip within is made even longer by the presence of four seven-circuit labyrinths</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Church believed that this labyrinth either symbolized the Way of the Cross or a pilgrim's trip to Jerusalem and returned</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Each individual pilgrim was obliged to walk this road on their knees, which was often used as penance</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Labyrinths, which resemble swastikas in shape, have pre-Christian origins and could represent an inward journey or a return to rebirth</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It might be compared to the Native American kiva's symbolic significance</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">There is just one path in and out of a labyrinth, unlike a maze, making it impossible to get lost</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It also represents a person's trip into the afterlife, where they could have a divine encounter</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It is a technique for meditation that aids in centering the mind</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The spiral-shaped labyrinth sign is similar to spirals seen on the Neolithic sites of Newgrange and Malta, which represent the ideas of death and rebirth</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Labyrinth walkers' "in-and-out" movements have been transformed into spiral dances, which devotees of Goddess Spirituality often include into ceremonies and celebrations (See Glastonbury, page 39)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It's interesting to note that the labyrinth is said to have indicated the entrance to Cumae's Sybil, an oracle comparable to that of Delphi and Didyma</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This was a gateway to the underworld in paganism, but in the Christian setting, it was transformed into the entrance to hell</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">How to go to Chartres?</span></h2><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The famed Palace of Versailles is 20 miles (35 km) from the city of Chartres, which is located around 60 miles (97 km) southwest of Paris</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">If you have never been to a place as quaint as Chartres, the author suggests exploring the town after seeing the Cathedral since it is a modest and beautiful place overall</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Paris, which is roughly an hour away by rail or bus, is where most visitors to Chartres arrive</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The cathedral is prominent and simple to locate in the town's historical district</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The railway station may be reached by foot from there with ease</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">What Is The Mary Magdalene Legacy In France?</span></h2><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: large;">Mary Magdalene has been a subject of debate for thousands of years, and people are still whispering about her today</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">However, some scholars are still reluctant to accept the evidence found in the recently discovered Nag Nammadi Gnostic gospels from the second century CE, which were likely omitted from the Bible for both doctrinal and political reasons</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Many people are becoming aware of Mary's historical setting and how the account of her friendship with Jesus has been changed</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Scholars like Karen King think it's quite likely that Jesus and Mary were married, and novelist Margaret Starbird goes even farther, arguing that the Holy Grail was Mary Magdalene's growing womb, which gave birth to the lineal descendant of Jesus in France after his death</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Church, as well as organizations like the Knights Templar and the Cathars, may have had a part in herstory, according to tantalizing and contentious evidence that has just come to light</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It also suggests that Mary and Jesus and the lineage of Christ may have had hidden links</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Those who hold these unconventional viewpoints are turning locations in France where the pregnant Mary is said to have fled after the crucifixion of Jesus into modern-day Mary Magdalene pilgrimage destinations</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goddess supporters see her as more than simply Jesus' wife; they see her as the holy sexuality that is sorely lacking in the patriarchal Judeo-Christian society</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">These locations in Provence, close to Aix-en-Provence, including Saint Maximin and Saint Vezelay</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Mary and Lazarus came at Marseilles, where they reportedly started to evangelize southern Gaul</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some people think she gave birth to a daughter at this time</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She was supposedly taken by angels to Aix and the Saint Maximinus oratory there when she passed away</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The first time these artifacts are recorded is in 745 by the chronicler Sigebert, who records that they were relocated to Vezelay to be safe from Muslim invasion</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Charles II, King of Naples, built a monastery in the location of the former Saint Maximinus in 1279, naming it "Saint Baum." While building it, he stumbled across this Mary Magdalene martyrium and the shrine dedicated to her, as well as an inscription explaining why it had been kept a secret</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">After being destroyed during the French Revolution, the church was rebuilt in 1814</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The "real relic" of Magdalene, including her skull, is said to be in the possession of the former Saint Maximin (now formally known as "Saint Maximin-la-ste-Baume"), which is celebrated on July 22</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Her skull is housed in a reliquary made of brass and gilded that dates to circa 1860</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Saint Baum is a vast monastery with a central courtyard that is surrounded by rolling hills and vineyards</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It also has a beautiful basilica with a Gothic apse from the fourteenth century</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The basilica is built atop an old tomb that served as the burial chamber for a Roman villa that originally stood on the spot</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This is the cave where, according to many, Mary spent her last hours before being buried beside Saint Maximin, the first bishop of Aix</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Magdalene's genuine remains were kept at the enormous church in Vezelay, which is halfway between Paris and Lyons, until they were transferred to Saint Maximin</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The enigmatic sites of Rennes le Chateau and Saintes Maries de la Mer in southern France are on the pilgrimage route, as are the Church of La Madeleine in Paris with its exquisite depiction of Mary being carried up to heaven by angels</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to the Eastern Church, Mary Magdalene traveled to Ephesus with the Apostle John and Mary, the mother of Jesus, and died there</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Leo the Wise subsequently sent Mary Magdalene's remains to Constantinople in 889</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Gregory of Tours, a renowned historian of the Franks who lived from 538 to 94 CE, agreed that Mary Magdalene passed away at Ephesus</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Pope Gregory the Great purposefully connected the biblical character Mary Magdalene with an unidentified prostitute in 591 CE, maybe as a political ploy to undermine female leadership within the Church, which saw intimate relationships as corrupting</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Vatican didn't make the necessary correction for 1,378 years, but it did it in 1969</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Important facts, such as Mary's role and those of other early Church women leaders, had been overshadowed in the meantime</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The greatest of saints, a significant Apostle to whom Jesus first appeared after his resurrection, and maybe even his wife, Mary Magdalene, has been dubbed</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The following two quotations should be taken into consideration as food for thought, even if some experts refuse to acknowledge Mary Magdalene's existence and others question the validity of the evidence supporting this claim that Mary was Christ's wife</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">When author Karen King, a graduate of both Harvard and Claremont Graduate University, says, "Sometimes religion is presented as being fixed or stable and we must accept it or reject it, but the fact is, religious traditions and certainly Christianity among them, are very diverse and filled with possibilities," she is serving as a reminder to readers of an important truth</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">We must be accountable for the sort of religion we create because religion is flexible</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">May we all maintain an open heart and mind.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html"><b>~Kiran Atma</b></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div><span style="color: #ffa400; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Kiran-Atma/e/B08WLY9VRY/">Amazon</a> | <a href="https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/21197594.Kiran_Atma">Goodreads</a> | <a href="https://twitter.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Twitter</a> | <a href="https://www.facebook.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Facebook</a> | <a href="https://www.instagram.com/kiran.atma/">Instagram</a> | <a href="https://www.pinterest.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Pinterest</a></b></span></div><div><span style="color: #ffa400; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><br /></p>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5979151747663163869.post-73910963438837091592022-07-25T09:35:00.012-07:002022-10-24T12:33:21.807-07:00Goddess Worship In England<script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Article","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/07/goddess-worship-in-england.html"},"headline":"Goddess Worship In England","description":"In Great Britain, the holy environment and the shapes of the land, sky, and sea, which are seen as her body, are powerful representations of the Goddess.","image":["https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiZUAlZyN1uhvePTGB0Djij-gURjANYT3ZIS4W_0Rz4MUAxowdPXlheNa4U0Cs5LSpQTmzsKgm33pSlGGMnnJDeMGCTpUfB-fp7x64noE4bHie8r0dHaRzrKgkyAJdaDue3P2BnwOtEDnFIoR5pfHGF-PDLaETa3oluw_9HMrymvHFvOStBT_pC2cuW=w219-h640","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiS3EPRhZ-qMzzfqhBZJgsoJTzqBlosZR1kF9nqWW4mOs78Y067cQkG-71Sypnv21n9JNcZZ0TKtGEMti1WE_dAU5Ljo-StfVa6OlSZoEjeH9vfvrVBCVWZYh4pi14-b8nMzGeCJ81bAH96Hh6bmfu66FqlTwBRaT7I61diDtejs30mqHY2amgmJgX1=w400-h266","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg0R9AfE9mMZCCV27aCJg6zD6vvY_AbonbpAuBFXIuZJSzWedBMH0N_Yok6C8LKMdpPoToiOjszmuLEoJ-hPX07pm_B1jsRpGiKV3Vaz2UE-btcIZ-E4IhSANcgCsyAUglA_6i4pwC46RYnTXci5KE-2YnDIgHgUCgP4Udlfl36Na6A89Ro5dmKkoIg=w400-h235","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgLajc35m-keFUTKfRUPPhJXEk5Qo3jFFxcK7T8yzm_3GQHyp5LrlEB3N8Xz9HnPVsXoREYkZncQsSSwAWC9_BsUPXGcquHhStr5P9aCkjy25EqguQy8sE_Lts9q8qkWHLe-lVj9ViB4A3ynsdlLuVtHzEFE1G-KOQHS7Gua3nFqmQDb4SSLSXhcqML=w267-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjPFwBUPWLpwHlzIrij_bP8soZQOvexjmE-Y5yOPCxlELAzgTEACPLKEYaskQXwdr52tLm24plle4f2BhU8F0xi0bFnPuVN_AuolCgsCQUEXQV_BSKzYIUinrPXYqiZTfeZkcNo831vT5ZLQgjkKFtO6QpU7-OQ0bZ8Y4Uges_oRGQSsvrVKEW3puv0=w300-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgTnIochY7OK9Z9Gk8JmvVZTKkQWuVcL_1rZXbkiJ5BCPVwQsEyxOJ2zoTpNpdOT4fqRoCiNjj9BBx_tHrNtExJLvA1B3JkoYg0R7tGHC25dASkS18AZYAA-KgNL_W-K23XoZB7kwZhfjCf_j7DeIrK0wn5TKb27nICdhpoM441vF3ORz3bFlI2Kzw8=w400-h398","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiA65jAlQLEj-bO8S1N1_PtIZ5XnG9FF1-g_TCHGk1kM_1MU0D6VboMrYa9BaRjcm4q8F8A8PT8K04tUZoyX19zbYEvwUOZ7JF7PQEtVpQWNy5EAHFIf4IjG50bHW7WSDr1NXybrhcKnShu_c4RUG5CWnH5eKD_ENmtQbx_nqOLYO246yzq1TO3tkUv=w400-h300","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiL455VxlSSmwfQUar-Z6nJ7HtEQeevLagjLV7m3IW9N7WwvZapivUBTk1J9U0qY_rkDyBtjQveI4Hovj9b7K-9LrAM8p-rQ0Iw5BhbgIy0WWlvO-uQPkG3kyrkJiEQXtUGl6mLIoggxjJ1D_e9MlFpXjDIJfWxPRhsPAO9SaoiBDwdHG4wVlzOxlJB=w400-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhryp6BY7O0lQDahgfDxwmqRuSR7CvgE0mL-NvbytoNdepmDq4VxinYEzyN5EHIYTTgRLg2KhDYyNWf9kAzAcowehi8pHXQ1q0_EJGIJwc4xPH1jIdddY51RCAy9ls4LNgtJC2A5gHwXvkez6PZQ5F_pJQ_QpMN7RJZezhot0wxBpEg4HGo_Co2wUwS=w400-h303","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhM444IcGXe6LPoeLA-VFitpcf98-mY-Eh6n7uessm2QhnhqG-zHSXpdQsrxAaZqh3XuM8b44I4xTmVWlSBuhHPrfc1-I5euDXGjXzm7DWQYt1BDB3Uq8mP70V12iJdcM0iM2skngSqa4hRJ7v5q4bUdrW5xi6RheRjOTRhE81KWJBcQNkEQ77TydDY=w300-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjfzUE-pfa90YfGxLLp4B1pipwBbc_2cT6r07ikvWq0hiWTHVx-DIBW8PPS-JzhSL9_eMHGDBjuKaW_-U1W62PDoIi2-1YSoLMt87z05-Vpnph101jftFxJnfemSUZw6H29JWZ3hljA1nlGt7pjr-NIsSapP5Z4oimjm37GvgB1vHIVg7IzceVVceoQ=w400-h300","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhEQnGjdky8MEl7s1A7UCl0aPMTKaAyey1Qm_yWnvP9FvXMETwSpIcuU3tKWoqnDqZSkFTHTVUC1dObNV8fXPJzQyV5juASB8zHXExtsE3k8opG31JqJKYlRGwMuMLj32cBT_ZrRQxxHyq9gxG2bgJ0e2uZBHYg27-4vO3YBx4lwBmhJFXxL6R4kr8v=w400-h300","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgjl-13626oZO7lXKb8PZGB7k7IkXjYxdl38U-HDA3pFteAjjmUFbMfb5FRxsUMtz1qLCovB9aMYfO-lheTTOvO_7sqWOknkpO5Ql8hWLywJnohm2S09XX3it3DB4Jj9j6YHC_mcVl3Oiyn5XDYLe4GvtjQPPAiw0oMj8a8xPNg_RgLVzZWSQGzjQNK=w400-h300","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgOEn5EelW_XXVNghR08fhY_emedzK9lQhwnrgKI96VE_hAlzIXX0aAmbpZWS61fYfTvMVHmPIcNM5yOf_BZd6m_W5rvChAHdmSnfD2KDSW0w8xtmNfjoYvElf3TlN3yy-rFlDHcI44tGjt9eWueqXCzBRBmX6ZeAs6L-inawHUb1DnV_Ad3gu8aHFn=w400-h204","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjPocu9mJ-WHM2qXzsqCYQ2KKL5Z1Isn7vYW4LRxpAP-AuXaPByLavUmrFKWqEjVhbSUUX4KZGfVfQ4VTrSCEKw98deuXl7oeNkGfWTff6n8bv51WKV-YoGcNuD-Z4tSaBDqxrsv0JGhdyTCD6_5lVdFfslO_L6Bd3V8fb7FbtdL8X2Xd8zjw4Yn3Ug=w400-h320","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgjgA_ewYM4Zp5NE_ycetXQZrD1rXJO49ExCnNncUaPnqsffwsgEk3iRczk2GxAeqC8LAtN_e4sOiT_SVcRVXSzUaBew8Bdhxzq0G4MY5LtPf5p-0GuxxQ3CT142oLGTmkmuqWl8Rpjtmwgs36SQ-b7ASatfvnMwqN-2W4AECAbtDn7xM_1F1ZUWHiN=w400-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiaQq0ItAkmpjE8ZFtTGSclMiOXMROMDqSDSOZK8NQDFlGBMxqSGWVboSK-_u4fv6hvfmuhQMj8_MMO3NZfMRexc7RxD_TQj5h91YNAZ0hJqUH8BNUjSDz0AA-3ieGJGHnkIfItzINe4oMVGQVGx8kCBfak907QcEd2zSRpftIqU672J0gCz4jTOsde=w400-h263","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhAzaC182z5UwlCIlvoHQv8KegSobCKF_yOcqwDATfGo4M2Q2sBj0anoRP1TH8348sZuiCwmnGDfYNahCXRgjWeCEKZnJKE3TYbl9bYQtupVD968yAM0Q6ySUK8xfWhPC5EmU2uCmGP5gFT6QC6lT8mqA8YHnGzEKA0XZscLDFv0OBUvScol3HX77zW=w312-h400"],"author":{"@type":"","name":"Kiran Atma","url":"https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/21197594.Kiran_Atma"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":""}},"datePublished":""}</script><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiZUAlZyN1uhvePTGB0Djij-gURjANYT3ZIS4W_0Rz4MUAxowdPXlheNa4U0Cs5LSpQTmzsKgm33pSlGGMnnJDeMGCTpUfB-fp7x64noE4bHie8r0dHaRzrKgkyAJdaDue3P2BnwOtEDnFIoR5pfHGF-PDLaETa3oluw_9HMrymvHFvOStBT_pC2cuW" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="383" data-original-width="131" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiZUAlZyN1uhvePTGB0Djij-gURjANYT3ZIS4W_0Rz4MUAxowdPXlheNa4U0Cs5LSpQTmzsKgm33pSlGGMnnJDeMGCTpUfB-fp7x64noE4bHie8r0dHaRzrKgkyAJdaDue3P2BnwOtEDnFIoR5pfHGF-PDLaETa3oluw_9HMrymvHFvOStBT_pC2cuW=w219-h640" width="219" /></a></div><br /><br /></div></span><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">How Prevalent Is <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=goddess+worship#/page/1">Goddess Worship</a> In <a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/search?q=England">England</a>?</span></h2><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Great Britain, the holy environment and the shapes of the land, sky, and sea, which are seen as her body, are powerful representations of the Goddess.</span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In both natural and man-made stone circles, passage burials, mounds, megaliths, and labyrinth-like structures, seekers may locate her hallowed abodes.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Those who practice goddess worship at these locations relate the megaliths and mounds to the recurring themes of birth, death, and rebirth that often represent goddess.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">They contend that these enormous stones served as markers for celestial occasions like solstices and equinoxes in the heavenly realm of the Divine Feminine.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The labyrinth's meditative features allow visitors to experience a profound inner journey that leads to a relationship with the Divine, both within and outside of oneself.</b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b></b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiS3EPRhZ-qMzzfqhBZJgsoJTzqBlosZR1kF9nqWW4mOs78Y067cQkG-71Sypnv21n9JNcZZ0TKtGEMti1WE_dAU5Ljo-StfVa6OlSZoEjeH9vfvrVBCVWZYh4pi14-b8nMzGeCJ81bAH96Hh6bmfu66FqlTwBRaT7I61diDtejs30mqHY2amgmJgX1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="750" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiS3EPRhZ-qMzzfqhBZJgsoJTzqBlosZR1kF9nqWW4mOs78Y067cQkG-71Sypnv21n9JNcZZ0TKtGEMti1WE_dAU5Ljo-StfVa6OlSZoEjeH9vfvrVBCVWZYh4pi14-b8nMzGeCJ81bAH96Hh6bmfu66FqlTwBRaT7I61diDtejs30mqHY2amgmJgX1=w400-h266" width="400" /></a></b></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><br /><br /></b></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Scholars suggest that the <a href="https://www.livescience.com/27955-knossos-palace-of-the-minoans.html"><b>labyrinth in the Minoan palace at Knossos</b></a> may have served the twin functions of housing ceremonial processions and serving as a reflection of the Mother's regenerating body.</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg0R9AfE9mMZCCV27aCJg6zD6vvY_AbonbpAuBFXIuZJSzWedBMH0N_Yok6C8LKMdpPoToiOjszmuLEoJ-hPX07pm_B1jsRpGiKV3Vaz2UE-btcIZ-E4IhSANcgCsyAUglA_6i4pwC46RYnTXci5KE-2YnDIgHgUCgP4Udlfl36Na6A89Ro5dmKkoIg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="353" data-original-width="602" height="235" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg0R9AfE9mMZCCV27aCJg6zD6vvY_AbonbpAuBFXIuZJSzWedBMH0N_Yok6C8LKMdpPoToiOjszmuLEoJ-hPX07pm_B1jsRpGiKV3Vaz2UE-btcIZ-E4IhSANcgCsyAUglA_6i4pwC46RYnTXci5KE-2YnDIgHgUCgP4Udlfl36Na6A89Ro5dmKkoIg=w400-h235" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Another contentious theory holds that <b><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/2021/07/paganism-wicca-what-is-ancient-druid-order-ado.html">Stonehenge</a></b>, with its lunar and solar orientations, may have been associated with the "sacred marriage" or even the body of the Goddess, whereas <b><a href="https://www.worldheritageireland.ie/bru-na-boinne/built-heritage/newgrange/">Newgrange</a></b>, Knowth, and Dowth, three Irish passage graves, are thought by some to be more associated with the life passages of birth and death.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Many people have new perspectives on the enormous <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=https://www.academia.edu/download/37042175/2008_Ian_Kuijt_comment_ABC_ANGM_CA_492_2008.pdf&hl=en&sa=X&ei=LTvpYvfRIMKjywSbu76AAg&scisig=AAGBfm36C1XwjJNvS_ElDdgGPAdpGMzYNA&oi=scholarr">Neolithic structures</a>, and as a result, Goddess' language and religion are more readily understood by her supporters.</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">What Are The <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/p/goddess-symbolism.html">Signs Of The Divine Feminine</a> In Glastonbury?</span></h2><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgLajc35m-keFUTKfRUPPhJXEk5Qo3jFFxcK7T8yzm_3GQHyp5LrlEB3N8Xz9HnPVsXoREYkZncQsSSwAWC9_BsUPXGcquHhStr5P9aCkjy25EqguQy8sE_Lts9q8qkWHLe-lVj9ViB4A3ynsdlLuVtHzEFE1G-KOQHS7Gua3nFqmQDb4SSLSXhcqML" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="460" data-original-width="307" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgLajc35m-keFUTKfRUPPhJXEk5Qo3jFFxcK7T8yzm_3GQHyp5LrlEB3N8Xz9HnPVsXoREYkZncQsSSwAWC9_BsUPXGcquHhStr5P9aCkjy25EqguQy8sE_Lts9q8qkWHLe-lVj9ViB4A3ynsdlLuVtHzEFE1G-KOQHS7Gua3nFqmQDb4SSLSXhcqML=w267-h400" width="267" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Glastonbury represents the legends of <b><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/search?q=King+Arthur">King Arthur</a></b>, the <b><a href="https://study.com/academy/lesson/knights-of-arthurs-round-table-legend-quiz.html">Knights of the Round Table</a></b>, and the cup of Christ as seen through conventional eyes.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryMagazine/DestinationsUK/Glastonbury/">Glastonbury </a>is seen in a new light when seen through the prism of <a href="https://link.springer.com/10.1007%2F978-1-4614-6086-2_9331">Goddess Spirituality</a>.</span></h3><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjPFwBUPWLpwHlzIrij_bP8soZQOvexjmE-Y5yOPCxlELAzgTEACPLKEYaskQXwdr52tLm24plle4f2BhU8F0xi0bFnPuVN_AuolCgsCQUEXQV_BSKzYIUinrPXYqiZTfeZkcNo831vT5ZLQgjkKFtO6QpU7-OQ0bZ8Y4Uges_oRGQSsvrVKEW3puv0" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="720" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjPFwBUPWLpwHlzIrij_bP8soZQOvexjmE-Y5yOPCxlELAzgTEACPLKEYaskQXwdr52tLm24plle4f2BhU8F0xi0bFnPuVN_AuolCgsCQUEXQV_BSKzYIUinrPXYqiZTfeZkcNo831vT5ZLQgjkKFtO6QpU7-OQ0bZ8Y4Uges_oRGQSsvrVKEW3puv0=w300-h400" width="300" /></a></span></div><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As of<b><a href="https://www.ponapan.com/2021/02/imbolc-meaning-imbolc-defined.html"> Imbolc (February)</a></b> 2002, visitors to Glastonbury may participate in the newest living tradition of worship of the Feminine Divine at the Goddess Temple in Glastonbury, in addition to seeing <b>historical holy sites where the Goddess has been revered by our ancestors for over 5,000 years.</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">To ensure that anyone working with Goddess in any of her guises, including Goddess as the one primordial Goddess, will find a place of welcome, this <b>first Goddess Temple of our modern era in the British Isles is dedicated primarily to the <a href="https://goddesstempleteachings.co.uk/priestessofavalon/">Lady of Avalon</a></b> and secondarily to <b>the Goddess of Ten Thousand Names.</b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b></b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgTnIochY7OK9Z9Gk8JmvVZTKkQWuVcL_1rZXbkiJ5BCPVwQsEyxOJ2zoTpNpdOT4fqRoCiNjj9BBx_tHrNtExJLvA1B3JkoYg0R7tGHC25dASkS18AZYAA-KgNL_W-K23XoZB7kwZhfjCf_j7DeIrK0wn5TKb27nICdhpoM441vF3ORz3bFlI2Kzw8" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="224" data-original-width="225" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgTnIochY7OK9Z9Gk8JmvVZTKkQWuVcL_1rZXbkiJ5BCPVwQsEyxOJ2zoTpNpdOT4fqRoCiNjj9BBx_tHrNtExJLvA1B3JkoYg0R7tGHC25dASkS18AZYAA-KgNL_W-K23XoZB7kwZhfjCf_j7DeIrK0wn5TKb27nICdhpoM441vF3ORz3bFlI2Kzw8=w400-h398" width="400" /></a></b></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><br /><br /></b></span></div><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Since June 2003, it has been acknowledged as a registered Place of Worship<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiA65jAlQLEj-bO8S1N1_PtIZ5XnG9FF1-g_TCHGk1kM_1MU0D6VboMrYa9BaRjcm4q8F8A8PT8K04tUZoyX19zbYEvwUOZ7JF7PQEtVpQWNy5EAHFIf4IjG50bHW7WSDr1NXybrhcKnShu_c4RUG5CWnH5eKD_ENmtQbx_nqOLYO246yzq1TO3tkUv" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="1000" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiA65jAlQLEj-bO8S1N1_PtIZ5XnG9FF1-g_TCHGk1kM_1MU0D6VboMrYa9BaRjcm4q8F8A8PT8K04tUZoyX19zbYEvwUOZ7JF7PQEtVpQWNy5EAHFIf4IjG50bHW7WSDr1NXybrhcKnShu_c4RUG5CWnH5eKD_ENmtQbx_nqOLYO246yzq1TO3tkUv=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></div></span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The first time a holy space has been acknowledged as <b>a place of worship that does not lay within the patriarchal religious belief systems</b>, but instead within the arms of the Goddess, said <b><a href="https://kathyjones.co.uk/">Kathy Jones</a></b>, a person connected to the temple, this is a historic occurrence.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Jones described the temple as a big violet chamber that changes its décor according to the season every six weeks in a private communication.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Lady of Avalon emanates violet energy, which is why the backdrop vibration is <a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/search?q=violet">violet</a>.</span></h3><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiL455VxlSSmwfQUar-Z6nJ7HtEQeevLagjLV7m3IW9N7WwvZapivUBTk1J9U0qY_rkDyBtjQveI4Hovj9b7K-9LrAM8p-rQ0Iw5BhbgIy0WWlvO-uQPkG3kyrkJiEQXtUGl6mLIoggxjJ1D_e9MlFpXjDIJfWxPRhsPAO9SaoiBDwdHG4wVlzOxlJB" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="400" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiL455VxlSSmwfQUar-Z6nJ7HtEQeevLagjLV7m3IW9N7WwvZapivUBTk1J9U0qY_rkDyBtjQveI4Hovj9b7K-9LrAM8p-rQ0Iw5BhbgIy0WWlvO-uQPkG3kyrkJiEQXtUGl6mLIoggxjJ1D_e9MlFpXjDIJfWxPRhsPAO9SaoiBDwdHG4wVlzOxlJB=w400-h400" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The worshippers at the temple have a belief in the Great Goddess, who is the One and Many, immanent and transcendent, personal and impersonal, constant and changeable, local and global, inside and outside all of creation, and manifests herself via the seasonal cycle and the <b><a href="https://amzn.to/3vw9kBu">Wheel of the Year</a></b>.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>They contend that the Divine Feminine manifests and speaks via all of Nature, the holy landscape, as well as through visions and dreams, sensory experiences, the imagination, ritual, and prayer.</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">They say that no description of Goddess can ever be expressed in words.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As members of the Goddess People of Avalon, they have a reverence for the Goddess, also known as the Lady of Avalon, who manifests herself via Glastonbury's geography, mythology, and culture.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Temple priestesses known as "<a href="https://goddesstemple.co.uk/our-people/">Melissas</a>" are there to maintain the area, carry out rituals, and provide healing to the crowd.</span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The temple will be open for extended hours when money and volunteers become available.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The yearly <a href="https://goddessconference.com/">Glastonbury Goddess Conference</a>, which often draws up to 400 attendees, hosts larger rituals.</span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The inhabitants of Avalon and the neighborhood utilize the temple for courses, healings, and rituals marking all life transitions.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">At addition to the Goddess, other Goddess-loving individuals may also be seen in the temple.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Public contributions are the only source of funding for the temple.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It would be a pity to skip a few additional Goddess-related landmarks while in Glastonbury.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The <a href="https://www.glastonburytor.org.uk/tor-maze.html">Labyrinth of Glastonbury Tor</a> is the first; it is a hill that rises above the surrounding area's flat terrain and is home to Saint Michael's Tower.</b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhryp6BY7O0lQDahgfDxwmqRuSR7CvgE0mL-NvbytoNdepmDq4VxinYEzyN5EHIYTTgRLg2KhDYyNWf9kAzAcowehi8pHXQ1q0_EJGIJwc4xPH1jIdddY51RCAy9ls4LNgtJC2A5gHwXvkez6PZQ5F_pJQ_QpMN7RJZezhot0wxBpEg4HGo_Co2wUwS" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="306" data-original-width="404" height="303" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhryp6BY7O0lQDahgfDxwmqRuSR7CvgE0mL-NvbytoNdepmDq4VxinYEzyN5EHIYTTgRLg2KhDYyNWf9kAzAcowehi8pHXQ1q0_EJGIJwc4xPH1jIdddY51RCAy9ls4LNgtJC2A5gHwXvkez6PZQ5F_pJQ_QpMN7RJZezhot0wxBpEg4HGo_Co2wUwS=w400-h303" width="400" /></a></span></div><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to Kathy Jones, who was quoted by Liz Fisher in the <b><a href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/goddessing-regenerated/oclc/43482405">Goddessing Regenerated News Journal</a></b>, "The hollow hill atop Glastonbury Tor is where (the Goddess) <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-rhiannon.html">Rhiannon</a> rides her white horse between the realms</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The seven circuit Goddess Labyrinth's course is marked by terraces that can be seen within the Tor.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Neo-Pagans often use the Tor's meandering labyrinth-like terraces as part of their internal journeys to communicate with the Goddess both within and outside of them.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">There are seven circuit labyrinths that are devoted to Goddess and may be found all throughout the ancient globe.</span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">(Refer to Goddess worship in <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/07/goddess-worship-in-france.html">France</a>: <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=chartres">France's Chartres</a></b>) The curves of the scenery here in Avalon, which means the location of apples, are suggestive of the form of the swan.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The goddess Brigit is referred to as the White Swan and the First Ancestor of the Swan Clan, according to Jones, who is cited by Fisher.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">With a bird's body and a snake-like neck, Brigit is the ancient Bird and Snake Goddess in one form as the White Swan.</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhM444IcGXe6LPoeLA-VFitpcf98-mY-Eh6n7uessm2QhnhqG-zHSXpdQsrxAaZqh3XuM8b44I4xTmVWlSBuhHPrfc1-I5euDXGjXzm7DWQYt1BDB3Uq8mP70V12iJdcM0iM2skngSqa4hRJ7v5q4bUdrW5xi6RheRjOTRhE81KWJBcQNkEQ77TydDY" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="600" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhM444IcGXe6LPoeLA-VFitpcf98-mY-Eh6n7uessm2QhnhqG-zHSXpdQsrxAaZqh3XuM8b44I4xTmVWlSBuhHPrfc1-I5euDXGjXzm7DWQYt1BDB3Uq8mP70V12iJdcM0iM2skngSqa4hRJ7v5q4bUdrW5xi6RheRjOTRhE81KWJBcQNkEQ77TydDY=w300-h400" width="300" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The features of the hills that make up <a href="http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/arthur/avalon.html">Glastonbury's Isle of Avalon</a> may be seen when it emerges from the surrounding Summerland meadows, like the form of a swan in flight.</b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b></b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjfzUE-pfa90YfGxLLp4B1pipwBbc_2cT6r07ikvWq0hiWTHVx-DIBW8PPS-JzhSL9_eMHGDBjuKaW_-U1W62PDoIi2-1YSoLMt87z05-Vpnph101jftFxJnfemSUZw6H29JWZ3hljA1nlGt7pjr-NIsSapP5Z4oimjm37GvgB1vHIVg7IzceVVceoQ" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="517" data-original-width="689" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjfzUE-pfa90YfGxLLp4B1pipwBbc_2cT6r07ikvWq0hiWTHVx-DIBW8PPS-JzhSL9_eMHGDBjuKaW_-U1W62PDoIi2-1YSoLMt87z05-Vpnph101jftFxJnfemSUZw6H29JWZ3hljA1nlGt7pjr-NIsSapP5Z4oimjm37GvgB1vHIVg7IzceVVceoQ=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></b></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhEQnGjdky8MEl7s1A7UCl0aPMTKaAyey1Qm_yWnvP9FvXMETwSpIcuU3tKWoqnDqZSkFTHTVUC1dObNV8fXPJzQyV5juASB8zHXExtsE3k8opG31JqJKYlRGwMuMLj32cBT_ZrRQxxHyq9gxG2bgJ0e2uZBHYg27-4vO3YBx4lwBmhJFXxL6R4kr8v" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhEQnGjdky8MEl7s1A7UCl0aPMTKaAyey1Qm_yWnvP9FvXMETwSpIcuU3tKWoqnDqZSkFTHTVUC1dObNV8fXPJzQyV5juASB8zHXExtsE3k8opG31JqJKYlRGwMuMLj32cBT_ZrRQxxHyq9gxG2bgJ0e2uZBHYg27-4vO3YBx4lwBmhJFXxL6R4kr8v=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgjl-13626oZO7lXKb8PZGB7k7IkXjYxdl38U-HDA3pFteAjjmUFbMfb5FRxsUMtz1qLCovB9aMYfO-lheTTOvO_7sqWOknkpO5Ql8hWLywJnohm2S09XX3it3DB4Jj9j6YHC_mcVl3Oiyn5XDYLe4GvtjQPPAiw0oMj8a8xPNg_RgLVzZWSQGzjQNK" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgjl-13626oZO7lXKb8PZGB7k7IkXjYxdl38U-HDA3pFteAjjmUFbMfb5FRxsUMtz1qLCovB9aMYfO-lheTTOvO_7sqWOknkpO5Ql8hWLywJnohm2S09XX3it3DB4Jj9j6YHC_mcVl3Oiyn5XDYLe4GvtjQPPAiw0oMj8a8xPNg_RgLVzZWSQGzjQNK=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg-DWPYTB6ri8TWktZOKhIwDLl1uj_ZWAOzyz1xp7vU67gMZsTme53b4mH6Z-kvdH1N3LunnyXwRPYLzFXH7pGh_5av2MmJXf0xiMtcYC_YZIfL8-qzx0krA0JBuplarPcJFufMrweKjTgoRVkOtJ0LVi0hFe_UPeWobGNOqmZWS8GqVPnd06MXtMtx" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg-DWPYTB6ri8TWktZOKhIwDLl1uj_ZWAOzyz1xp7vU67gMZsTme53b4mH6Z-kvdH1N3LunnyXwRPYLzFXH7pGh_5av2MmJXf0xiMtcYC_YZIfL8-qzx0krA0JBuplarPcJFufMrweKjTgoRVkOtJ0LVi0hFe_UPeWobGNOqmZWS8GqVPnd06MXtMtx=w400-h266" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgOEn5EelW_XXVNghR08fhY_emedzK9lQhwnrgKI96VE_hAlzIXX0aAmbpZWS61fYfTvMVHmPIcNM5yOf_BZd6m_W5rvChAHdmSnfD2KDSW0w8xtmNfjoYvElf3TlN3yy-rFlDHcI44tGjt9eWueqXCzBRBmX6ZeAs6L-inawHUb1DnV_Ad3gu8aHFn" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="408" data-original-width="800" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgOEn5EelW_XXVNghR08fhY_emedzK9lQhwnrgKI96VE_hAlzIXX0aAmbpZWS61fYfTvMVHmPIcNM5yOf_BZd6m_W5rvChAHdmSnfD2KDSW0w8xtmNfjoYvElf3TlN3yy-rFlDHcI44tGjt9eWueqXCzBRBmX6ZeAs6L-inawHUb1DnV_Ad3gu8aHFn=w400-h204" width="400" /></a></div></div></div><br /></b></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Fisher also links <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2021/08/goddess-brigid.html">Brigid, or Brigit</a>, to the curative waters of <a href="https://www.chalicewell.org.uk/">Glastonbury's Chalice Well</a>, noting that Jones thinks Brigid's bell and bag of <a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/p/herbs.html">curative herbs</a> are buried there.</span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to a more widely accepted urban legend, Joseph of Arimathea may have buried here the cup of the Holy Grail from the Last Supper of Christ.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The <b><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/2021/06/paganism-wicca-who-is-druid.html">Druids </a></b>saw the cup as the <b><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/search?q=Cauldron+">Cauldron </a></b>of <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search/label/Cerridwin">Cerridwin</a></b>, the <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=womb">Mother's womb</a></b> from which her devotees would be birthed, which is another connotation for the <b><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/search?q=Grail">Grail</a></b>.</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjPocu9mJ-WHM2qXzsqCYQ2KKL5Z1Isn7vYW4LRxpAP-AuXaPByLavUmrFKWqEjVhbSUUX4KZGfVfQ4VTrSCEKw98deuXl7oeNkGfWTff6n8bv51WKV-YoGcNuD-Z4tSaBDqxrsv0JGhdyTCD6_5lVdFfslO_L6Bd3V8fb7FbtdL8X2Xd8zjw4Yn3Ug" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1496" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjPocu9mJ-WHM2qXzsqCYQ2KKL5Z1Isn7vYW4LRxpAP-AuXaPByLavUmrFKWqEjVhbSUUX4KZGfVfQ4VTrSCEKw98deuXl7oeNkGfWTff6n8bv51WKV-YoGcNuD-Z4tSaBDqxrsv0JGhdyTCD6_5lVdFfslO_L6Bd3V8fb7FbtdL8X2Xd8zjw4Yn3Ug=w400-h320" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00004-015-0253-9">vesica piscis</a>, a well design motif, was originally a pre-Christian goddess emblem that was eventually transformed into a fish in Christianity.</span></h3><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgjgA_ewYM4Zp5NE_ycetXQZrD1rXJO49ExCnNncUaPnqsffwsgEk3iRczk2GxAeqC8LAtN_e4sOiT_SVcRVXSzUaBew8Bdhxzq0G4MY5LtPf5p-0GuxxQ3CT142oLGTmkmuqWl8Rpjtmwgs36SQ-b7ASatfvnMwqN-2W4AECAbtDn7xM_1F1ZUWHiN" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="512" data-original-width="512" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgjgA_ewYM4Zp5NE_ycetXQZrD1rXJO49ExCnNncUaPnqsffwsgEk3iRczk2GxAeqC8LAtN_e4sOiT_SVcRVXSzUaBew8Bdhxzq0G4MY5LtPf5p-0GuxxQ3CT142oLGTmkmuqWl8Rpjtmwgs36SQ-b7ASatfvnMwqN-2W4AECAbtDn7xM_1F1ZUWHiN=w400-h400" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>It is recognized as a symbol for the union of the feminine and masculine, the yin and yang, or the point at which the conscious and unconscious come together.</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b></b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiaQq0ItAkmpjE8ZFtTGSclMiOXMROMDqSDSOZK8NQDFlGBMxqSGWVboSK-_u4fv6hvfmuhQMj8_MMO3NZfMRexc7RxD_TQj5h91YNAZ0hJqUH8BNUjSDz0AA-3ieGJGHnkIfItzINe4oMVGQVGx8kCBfak907QcEd2zSRpftIqU672J0gCz4jTOsde" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="368" data-original-width="560" height="263" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiaQq0ItAkmpjE8ZFtTGSclMiOXMROMDqSDSOZK8NQDFlGBMxqSGWVboSK-_u4fv6hvfmuhQMj8_MMO3NZfMRexc7RxD_TQj5h91YNAZ0hJqUH8BNUjSDz0AA-3ieGJGHnkIfItzINe4oMVGQVGx8kCBfak907QcEd2zSRpftIqU672J0gCz4jTOsde=w400-h263" width="400" /></a></b></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><br /><br /></b></span><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It has a connection to the <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313297237_The_Aureole_and_the_Mandorla_Aspects_of_the_Symbol_of_the_Sacral_from_Ancient_Cultures_to_Christianity">mandorla</a>, sometimes known as the <a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/search?q=yoni+">yoni </a>because of its almond form.</span></h3><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhAzaC182z5UwlCIlvoHQv8KegSobCKF_yOcqwDATfGo4M2Q2sBj0anoRP1TH8348sZuiCwmnGDfYNahCXRgjWeCEKZnJKE3TYbl9bYQtupVD968yAM0Q6ySUK8xfWhPC5EmU2uCmGP5gFT6QC6lT8mqA8YHnGzEKA0XZscLDFv0OBUvScol3HX77zW" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="666" data-original-width="518" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhAzaC182z5UwlCIlvoHQv8KegSobCKF_yOcqwDATfGo4M2Q2sBj0anoRP1TH8348sZuiCwmnGDfYNahCXRgjWeCEKZnJKE3TYbl9bYQtupVD968yAM0Q6ySUK8xfWhPC5EmU2uCmGP5gFT6QC6lT8mqA8YHnGzEKA0XZscLDFv0OBUvScol3HX77zW=w312-h400" width="312" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The tombs of King Arthur and Guinevere may have been discovered on the grounds of Glastonbury Abbey, which is said to have been constructed on an ancient holy place of a Goddess.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>As of right now, the Goddess Temple is accessible to the general public for prayer, ritual, meditation, and worship on Tuesdays and Saturdays from 11 a.m to 5 p.m., as well as on Fridays.</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">On certain days, rituals are performed in honor of the Goddess.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">There are tours provided that provide a detailed herstory of the local locations.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">How to reach Glastonbury?</span></h2><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Using a vehicle, leave London on the M3, then follow the A303 westward.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Take the directions provided to reach Glastonbury.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>It takes around two hours to go straight from Heathrow Airport and three hours to travel directly from Gatwick Airport.</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Take the train from Paddington to Bath, Bristol, or Taunton if you're in downtown London </span><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: large;">then go to Glastonbury via bus.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Take the train to Castle Cary and then get a cab to go the remaining distance to Glastonbury.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Twice daily National Express coaches depart from Victoria Station for Glastonbury.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">You may reach the temple by writing to The Goddess Temple, The Courtyard, 2-4 High Street, Glastonbury, Somerset BA6 9DU England, or by visiting <a href="http://www.goddesstemple.co.uk"><b>www.goddesstemple.co.uk</b></a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Prior to going, visitors should get precise instructions to the temple by contacting it.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html"><b>~Kiran Atma</b></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div><span style="color: #ffa400; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Kiran-Atma/e/B08WLY9VRY/">Amazon</a> | <a href="https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/21197594.Kiran_Atma">Goodreads</a> | <a href="https://twitter.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Twitter</a> | <a href="https://www.facebook.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Facebook</a> | <a href="https://www.instagram.com/kiran.atma/">Instagram</a> | <a href="https://www.pinterest.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Pinterest</a></b></span></div><div><span style="color: #ffa400; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #ffa400; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5979151747663163869.post-24984880650708491602022-07-11T07:28:00.013-07:002022-10-24T14:42:58.049-07:00Goddess Worship In Cypress<script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Article","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/07/goddess-worship-in-cypress.html"},"headline":"Goddess Worship In Cypress","description":"There is at least 5,000 years' worth of historical evidence indicating a settlement close to Old Paphos, Cypress. Numerous female terra-cotta figures from the Archaic and Classical eras have been found during excavations.","image":["https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvyvbFVNumq6tWSb-2dVOt4ixdlqRte5jk0Jvg-n1aPVnRjNUV07Z0TzBx1kjS8Im3o2XsomSltFJ2wsLGJGZXhkBDeN-strDmVnFqJ49mPfWzbAHwzdYbB6hFOBUnKlooshAoW5HHDhfuYs6PnGUIXAobBL9e3N6GMzqN4UaRuKkB6DX9rqJ-v7RY/w266-h400/Greek-Goddess%20Iris%20-Scandinavia-KiranAtma-1.jpg","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi5HCeyF11KOaOAfcktFNqv30jUXMjluIF1ssCVk6k2i_UVu_wxvn6AsGtBTFaOKXoVNh_p4zf0tURZLPHSejN143-quWfoTpuA5At7Il3hAd5XXQ_4DCVcv4AJMrMHj0S7JO43VLr74vhK7BcxyxOg2SOVGLSyYr8358u0AGWsGew1KPjdBz8HVrB/w298-h400/Greek-Goddess%20Iris%20-Scandinavia-KiranAtma-2.jpg","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzFp6y_D9sZ4JwU3eN071SMvj948Cbq6MPKcBI6ua1oY8kI2-0xr2dYhqrq2dDytdzjMGfpVOsG7BdglcpwSrEBIcA46eKKVvfsNzMr8YMm_mOVAI2ikM7HIShWSNdgz00m56haZQk2qVfqF8DXj-IiHQERUvAWdiBq9ui2a71_dLnILwg25910Qou/w400-h224/Greek-Goddess%20Iris%20-Scandinavia-KiranAtma-3.jpg","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLjFnj6_AylhwgjOmSu_c78MmAXN_Y5eZ6uBTcq3EGtK6ClYgQbD5Do3l-5OEzGmw5SeZvp-MKKKRKQH7HbleMIyhfoC3c5NrtLHi1ujKf6PEpP_vWIZ6acq_trbv2xYlX9UyqNpH0oiCnNu-lFuSVvaBdHsD2wg1JrucXBD3ybQ8OsFuAKLp4sVkp/w280-h400/Greek-Goddess%20Iris%20-Scandinavia-KiranAtma-4.webp","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYMsOc9dxpamCJpK_Irf8zzVyDonX_iGC1Dn7eOiw3_OVjDlWTfMVPNaP7XgLZzFYyjWvxY6TxyWRcPeObU7xwdlasjF-d3VsaSwZ_FEoeTITruyswV54tIDkbMtwm5YkWWDrtKp9g_FSU_cFvafkE_NaPAsD50WC-0-bhjNYnIS20mudi3W6sz6rE/w245-h400/Greek-Goddess%20Iris%20-Scandinavia-KiranAtma-5.png","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnj-2LF-fUCJ0Tsfn_iyrFd3z66L_GBF1UuezRhSDNxz78LenVX4u9VdQqfynG-BUzmMSQhyJEAlpDqPwwq-RZp73e8s5TET3lPrU6eXBpfmtoyiV1OIsH0jda_nsVxRW8ORsOS9edgBUftfhoLguZsbvIUyqFzarYQPMQSAKStcTJ8gwKXrrzc8XQ/w299-h400/Greek-Goddess%20Iris%20-Scandinavia-KiranAtma-6.webp","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUiwoEwodnevHzHJ6BIFjBJoIARcywHJtyD9Ot85-LhXlxcnOgHwn5uXOXNXBqLqWbxEQlLSqSnsnPAzNPmyJdympPUqPKIzBBK-bhdjMWYchpx-Oz-wO_xBmgLl7YOaAfYVO6BaJcr819NV-xJRQy-S4tA7m--LtcBAYRCS5tN2OwsV-XV8wD0BJI/w266-h400/Pagan-Greek-Goddess-Demeter-KiranAtma-1.webp","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi44Tv_aBTinKHjm1PBLfG5SITKq_8TYqE4L2Wc-2ItSSmkAElF1gGsFOBrZ6XX0vJ4Xgwb6VHMBqiN4r5dlBBhwnmOgqCJlT7GP66PzfNgE5BGoBRZO1I24FmaWmFi72jHHZJtxZt2XAPeYhdCv9EWBPlL2CSUrEMHrnUyJ5q33vF_ZSKC2aSL0Orv/w400-h286/Pagan-Greek-Goddess-Demeter-KiranAtma-2.jpg","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjreWOicy2ATQ3XP-1otO97E7kJ-PDFZfnWKaqSFbqqGJSvuE8hkjb3ykGKNsg_lV61S0KguHGktfLyNaF8XGrQ5y_KyC-zvMQW4xXSR8hFbdrfZUhQnCNmhywxG_opBRNhQX-rJuUP7oeb7pESIvxbdmcwnn-4RrYeh81kKAXmPxd32YNh1RKhbGEe/w239-h400/Pagan-Greek-Goddess-Demeter-KiranAtma-2.webp","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha6YSOtA44xM_PVGfbAa3Ly3Zw_rOcc6CWgEBoslALAnY97wxB9-LjfInGgR9bKqPRzlrmhYPXEBMMECtWmkt7wP-_yyo7eE_GiLcYEikAfi_nYJwAxK5Jqrsm4rWjEQ963k1_uWg4bwJBd0RVeLz8aEf0xovfxQo-KTxyk3q4n9jcJc5bniY1M87z/w328-h400/Pagan-Greek-Goddess-Demeter-KiranAtma-3.jpg","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDvwI-3aqO7wMhEayga-kqNL9dpYv0bh5oYvAE9YeBhoxmZmMQESQqQRWt31CmKoqKbRcWD7TyIvtIIQz78Q03zEXnUxIY9PVUfkkf3tUUeGdwlAlVuZFb4Cx9SMJh2MPHyAD55IPDcj0tNgNQozCKShztpPPKrGqau-oW82Z4vPOJfnK8nDp73wbT/w300-h400/Pagan-Greek-Goddess-Demeter-KiranAtma-4.jpg"],"author":{"@type":"","name":"Kiran Atma","url":"https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":""}},"datePublished":""}</script><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvyvbFVNumq6tWSb-2dVOt4ixdlqRte5jk0Jvg-n1aPVnRjNUV07Z0TzBx1kjS8Im3o2XsomSltFJ2wsLGJGZXhkBDeN-strDmVnFqJ49mPfWzbAHwzdYbB6hFOBUnKlooshAoW5HHDhfuYs6PnGUIXAobBL9e3N6GMzqN4UaRuKkB6DX9rqJ-v7RY/s275/Greek-Goddess%20Iris%20-Scandinavia-KiranAtma-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="275" data-original-width="183" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvyvbFVNumq6tWSb-2dVOt4ixdlqRte5jk0Jvg-n1aPVnRjNUV07Z0TzBx1kjS8Im3o2XsomSltFJ2wsLGJGZXhkBDeN-strDmVnFqJ49mPfWzbAHwzdYbB6hFOBUnKlooshAoW5HHDhfuYs6PnGUIXAobBL9e3N6GMzqN4UaRuKkB6DX9rqJ-v7RY/w266-h400/Greek-Goddess%20Iris%20-Scandinavia-KiranAtma-1.jpg" width="266" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Greek History And Culture In Cypress</span></h2><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">There is at least 5,000 years' worth of historical evidence indicating a settlement close to Old Paphos, Cypress. </span></h3><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Numerous female terra-cotta figures from the Archaic and Classical eras have been found during excavations. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi5HCeyF11KOaOAfcktFNqv30jUXMjluIF1ssCVk6k2i_UVu_wxvn6AsGtBTFaOKXoVNh_p4zf0tURZLPHSejN143-quWfoTpuA5At7Il3hAd5XXQ_4DCVcv4AJMrMHj0S7JO43VLr74vhK7BcxyxOg2SOVGLSyYr8358u0AGWsGew1KPjdBz8HVrB/s450/Greek-Goddess%20Iris%20-Scandinavia-KiranAtma-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="335" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi5HCeyF11KOaOAfcktFNqv30jUXMjluIF1ssCVk6k2i_UVu_wxvn6AsGtBTFaOKXoVNh_p4zf0tURZLPHSejN143-quWfoTpuA5At7Il3hAd5XXQ_4DCVcv4AJMrMHj0S7JO43VLr74vhK7BcxyxOg2SOVGLSyYr8358u0AGWsGew1KPjdBz8HVrB/w298-h400/Greek-Goddess%20Iris%20-Scandinavia-KiranAtma-2.jpg" width="298" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Although it is unclear exactly what name the Goddess was worshipped under, archaeologists think it was here before the Chalcolithic era (3800–2300 BCE). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Wanassa, Paphia, and Golgia are just a few of the many names for this ancient goddess that have been suggested by the dedications found at the archaeological site. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some of the female miniatures showed ladies with raised arms, while others showed expectant women giving birth with raised arms. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">When the Greeks arrived, Paphos was already well-established as a center of religion. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">That is not to say that the Greeks did not leave their mark on Paphos, however, as archeological data seems to indicate that both the independent King Kinyras and the Arcadian King Tegea, who is best known for his exploits during the Trojan War, made contributions to the temple of <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2021/06/goddess-aphrodite.html">Aphrodite</a>'s history. </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzFp6y_D9sZ4JwU3eN071SMvj948Cbq6MPKcBI6ua1oY8kI2-0xr2dYhqrq2dDytdzjMGfpVOsG7BdglcpwSrEBIcA46eKKVvfsNzMr8YMm_mOVAI2ikM7HIShWSNdgz00m56haZQk2qVfqF8DXj-IiHQERUvAWdiBq9ui2a71_dLnILwg25910Qou/s300/Greek-Goddess%20Iris%20-Scandinavia-KiranAtma-3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="168" data-original-width="300" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzFp6y_D9sZ4JwU3eN071SMvj948Cbq6MPKcBI6ua1oY8kI2-0xr2dYhqrq2dDytdzjMGfpVOsG7BdglcpwSrEBIcA46eKKVvfsNzMr8YMm_mOVAI2ikM7HIShWSNdgz00m56haZQk2qVfqF8DXj-IiHQERUvAWdiBq9ui2a71_dLnILwg25910Qou/w400-h224/Greek-Goddess%20Iris%20-Scandinavia-KiranAtma-3.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Paphos is the location of a holy forest and a large altar, according to Homer. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The temple of Aphrodite had a significant role in the holy site's continued prominence in the ancient world up until Theodosius I forbade the practice of pagan worship in 391 CE. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Goddess Worship At Palaepaphos.</span></h2><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLjFnj6_AylhwgjOmSu_c78MmAXN_Y5eZ6uBTcq3EGtK6ClYgQbD5Do3l-5OEzGmw5SeZvp-MKKKRKQH7HbleMIyhfoC3c5NrtLHi1ujKf6PEpP_vWIZ6acq_trbv2xYlX9UyqNpH0oiCnNu-lFuSVvaBdHsD2wg1JrucXBD3ybQ8OsFuAKLp4sVkp/s1068/Greek-Goddess%20Iris%20-Scandinavia-KiranAtma-4.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1068" data-original-width="749" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLjFnj6_AylhwgjOmSu_c78MmAXN_Y5eZ6uBTcq3EGtK6ClYgQbD5Do3l-5OEzGmw5SeZvp-MKKKRKQH7HbleMIyhfoC3c5NrtLHi1ujKf6PEpP_vWIZ6acq_trbv2xYlX9UyqNpH0oiCnNu-lFuSVvaBdHsD2wg1JrucXBD3ybQ8OsFuAKLp4sVkp/w280-h400/Greek-Goddess%20Iris%20-Scandinavia-KiranAtma-4.webp" width="280" /></a></div><p></p><p><br /></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">At her temple close to Old Paphos, or Palaepaphos, a city famed throughout antiquity for its extravagant luxury and reputation as a major religious center, Aphrodite, who had been confused for too long as just the "Boudoir Babe," reveals her actual identity. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Her temple reflected a fusion of Aegean and Oriental style, much like the Goddess. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This was regarded as her most sacred site since it was thought that she was born here from sea foam, which served as a metaphor for her father's sperm. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Aphrodite is very ancient, and many people thought that she existed from the beginning of existence. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She was really a prehistoric global Mother Goddess who most likely came from the Near East and was not Indo-European in origin. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">One of her first temples, according to historical accounts, was in Syria. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She is older than the Olympians and first appears in literature from Classical <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/10/goddess-worship-in-greece.html">Greece</a> before being identified as the daughter of Zeus, which is the position that popular culture today often gives her. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The mix of customs that make up the Cypriac Goddess, who has been revered here for more than 1,500 years, were profoundly affected by the near vicinity of her temple in Cypress to Anatolia, Crete, and Mesopotamia. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She is unquestionably more than simply a beautiful lady emerging from the sea foam, the seductress of Paris, or the adulteress Hephaistos' wife. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Due to the conventional misconceptions that appears to be so ubiquitous, such as her representation in the adored television series Xena, Warrior Princess, her image definitely merits a reintroduction to modern visitors and readers! One thing is for sure: from her refuge on Cypress, Aphrodite is able to project a sharper picture. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Aphrodite was born in an unusual way, as shown by her Greek name, aphros, which means froth. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYMsOc9dxpamCJpK_Irf8zzVyDonX_iGC1Dn7eOiw3_OVjDlWTfMVPNaP7XgLZzFYyjWvxY6TxyWRcPeObU7xwdlasjF-d3VsaSwZ_FEoeTITruyswV54tIDkbMtwm5YkWWDrtKp9g_FSU_cFvafkE_NaPAsD50WC-0-bhjNYnIS20mudi3W6sz6rE/s896/Greek-Goddess%20Iris%20-Scandinavia-KiranAtma-5.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="896" data-original-width="550" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYMsOc9dxpamCJpK_Irf8zzVyDonX_iGC1Dn7eOiw3_OVjDlWTfMVPNaP7XgLZzFYyjWvxY6TxyWRcPeObU7xwdlasjF-d3VsaSwZ_FEoeTITruyswV54tIDkbMtwm5YkWWDrtKp9g_FSU_cFvafkE_NaPAsD50WC-0-bhjNYnIS20mudi3W6sz6rE/w245-h400/Greek-Goddess%20Iris%20-Scandinavia-KiranAtma-5.png" width="245" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Great Mother Earth, or <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/05/goddess-gaia.html">Gaia</a>, and her partner, Ouranos, the Heavens, soon gave birth to a large number of sons and daughters, according to the ancient poet Hesiod. </span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">However, Kronos, the youngest, detested their father. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Ourano's genitalia were severed by Kronos one evening, and he flung them into the sea after borrowing a sickle from Gaia. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">With this brazen deed, Kronos tore apart Earth and Heaven, shedding light on the relationship between his parents. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Foam sprang out of nowhere where Ouranos' genitalia had been dropped into the ocean, and a little while later, Aphrodite surfaced from the depths. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Her birth therefore played a significant role in the early creation myths. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Petra tou Remiou, also known as "Aphrodite's Rock," is located not far from her shrine in Paphos. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It is said that here is where she initially emerged from the sea's froth and took her first steps onto land. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to legend, as soon as the Goddess's feet hit the ground, grass began to flourish. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">These three sizable boulders that protrude into the bay are visible to visitors. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Birth of Venus, a renowned artwork by the artist Botticelli, depicts Aphrodite emerging from a big scallop shell, a motif of female genitalia, as an artistic representation of this birth. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It corresponds to a version of her birth narrative in which the Hours welcomed Aphrodite when she arrived through her shell on the beaches of Cypress. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">They continued to help her out of the river while dressing her in heavenly attire. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This account of her birth was crucial to her devotees at the Paphos temple because it clarified some of the rites taking place there and revealed a far deeper significance. </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnj-2LF-fUCJ0Tsfn_iyrFd3z66L_GBF1UuezRhSDNxz78LenVX4u9VdQqfynG-BUzmMSQhyJEAlpDqPwwq-RZp73e8s5TET3lPrU6eXBpfmtoyiV1OIsH0jda_nsVxRW8ORsOS9edgBUftfhoLguZsbvIUyqFzarYQPMQSAKStcTJ8gwKXrrzc8XQ/s589/Greek-Goddess%20Iris%20-Scandinavia-KiranAtma-6.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="589" data-original-width="440" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnj-2LF-fUCJ0Tsfn_iyrFd3z66L_GBF1UuezRhSDNxz78LenVX4u9VdQqfynG-BUzmMSQhyJEAlpDqPwwq-RZp73e8s5TET3lPrU6eXBpfmtoyiV1OIsH0jda_nsVxRW8ORsOS9edgBUftfhoLguZsbvIUyqFzarYQPMQSAKStcTJ8gwKXrrzc8XQ/w299-h400/Greek-Goddess%20Iris%20-Scandinavia-KiranAtma-6.webp" width="299" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><p></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Her birth from the ocean came to be associated with the changing of the seasons, namely the rebirth of the Earth, which was represented by Aphrodite's virginity. </span></h2><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Of course, if you were a Goddess, it wasn't impossible to restore virginity once lost! (Obviously, a Goddess' virginity had a different significance than that of a normal human.) In reality, the Hours were the seasons, who, with the help of the Graces, would help celebrate Aphrodite's birth as the Maiden, or a metaphor for spring. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This was most likely performed by ritually washing and dressing an Aphrodite statue or Aphrodite's priestess, who served as the goddess' earthly embodiment. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">During the excavations, a terra-cotta bathtub was discovered in a religious structure. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Aphrodite naturally shares characteristics with the Semitic Ashtoreth, Philistine <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2021/07/goddess-atargatis.html">Atargatis</a>, Phoenician <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2021/07/goddess-astarte.html">Astarte</a>, and Babylonian <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-inanna.html">Inanna</a>/<a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-ishtar.html">Ishtar</a> due to the likelihood that she is of Oriental origin. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUiwoEwodnevHzHJ6BIFjBJoIARcywHJtyD9Ot85-LhXlxcnOgHwn5uXOXNXBqLqWbxEQlLSqSnsnPAzNPmyJdympPUqPKIzBBK-bhdjMWYchpx-Oz-wO_xBmgLl7YOaAfYVO6BaJcr819NV-xJRQy-S4tA7m--LtcBAYRCS5tN2OwsV-XV8wD0BJI/s1600/Pagan-Greek-Goddess-Demeter-KiranAtma-1.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1067" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUiwoEwodnevHzHJ6BIFjBJoIARcywHJtyD9Ot85-LhXlxcnOgHwn5uXOXNXBqLqWbxEQlLSqSnsnPAzNPmyJdympPUqPKIzBBK-bhdjMWYchpx-Oz-wO_xBmgLl7YOaAfYVO6BaJcr819NV-xJRQy-S4tA7m--LtcBAYRCS5tN2OwsV-XV8wD0BJI/w266-h400/Pagan-Greek-Goddess-Demeter-KiranAtma-1.webp" width="266" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The celestial planet Venus, or Aphrodite as she was known to the Romans, was seen as having three manifestations: Aphrodite, <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-isis-or-auset.html">Isis</a>, and Inanna/Ishtar. </span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The tale of Aphrodite's son-lover Adonis is similar to that of Attis, <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/02/who-is-goddess-cybele.html">Cybele</a>'s consort, as well as Dumuzi and Tammuz, the consorts of Inanna and Astarte, respectively. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It is hardly surprising that she shares multiple titles given her closeness to the Middle East. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She is once again linked to <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2021/07/goddess-asherah.html">Asherah</a> and Astarte since she is the daughter of Heaven and the Sea (Lady of the Sea). </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Aphrodite was a creatrix, just as life began in water. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Aphrodite rituals established here were observed during the time of the fish, or Pisces. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Naturally, the net—typically worn over her robes or tied around her waist—became Aphrodite's other nautical symbol in addition to the fish. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Her priestesses, in turn, often wore the same attire, but some were known to cover their heads with the nets. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Doctor describes "The Language of the Goddess" According to Marija Gimbutas, the iconography on the internet is from the Neolithic period and may be connected to the vulva of the Sea Goddess. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As a result, she starts to be associated with "Living Water," the revered primordial liquid from which all life first emerges. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Particularly those around the eastern Mediterranean Sea beaches, many of her temples and shrines were covered with seashells. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She shares both a title and a characteristic with the Egyptian goddess Isis. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Her son Eros and spouse Adonis, both vegetative gods who occasionally appear as bulls and represent dying and emerging vegetation, are frequently likened to Isis' son Horus and Isis' husband/brother Osiris, respectively. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It should be mentioned that Eros (Cupid), popularly known as the representative of Aphrodite who pierces his victims with enchanted arrows and wounds them with the gifts of desire and love, has older beginnings than Classical Greece. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some myths describe Eros as a much older god who arrived on the scene shortly after the beginning of creation rather than the child of Aphrodite, making his actual identity a little bit mysterious. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Although the details are obscured by the passage of time, scholars have sometimes hypothesized that he, too, may have played the part of the son-lover. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In order to maintain the fertility of life and the land, the worship of these deities by their people and the holy union or marriage between these Goddesses and their consorts, or Lords, came to signify a covenant between man and the Divine. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Scholar Miriam Robbins Dexter offers another intriguing comparison between Aphrodite and Eros by comparing their frothy births in ancient myth and literature to that of Shri <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-lakshmi.html">Lakshmi</a>, the Hindu goddess, and Kamadeva, her son and the "love deity." The commonalities in belief across continents and ages become more apparent the more one examines. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Although Aphrodite had several facets, by the fourth century BCE she had come to represent two distinct facets. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She is connected to loftier aspirations, divine love, and soul-stirring inspiration in her Aphrodite Ourania side. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Similar to Ishtar, she is worried with mundane issues pertaining to her people's survival as Aphrodite Pandemos. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She is a Goddess whose priestesses perform holy prostitution since it is thought that she rules over the world of the lower chakras. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It should be recalled that Paphos was known as such a temple of holy prostitution; yet, the context in which this phrase was used has nothing to do with what it means in modern use. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">No simple brothel, temple prostitution bore actual religious significance, whether conducted literally or metaphorically, to ensure reproduction, attaining enlightenment, or possibly a greater relationship with the Divine. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Over time and space, her perception has changed. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She and Astarte both appear in imagery with beards, suggesting that they may have traits in common with bisexuality. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">One depiction of Aphrodite shows her coming from a scrotal sac, which may be connected to her roots as a goddess of male genitalia (philomimedes), which means "to her belong male genitals." In the past, she was revered in Paphos as a conical stone, which historian Merlin Stone recalls was anointed during yearly Cyprian festivals. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Her iconography often depicts her semi-naked, wearing exquisite robes with copious quantities of jewels, semi-naked with long, flowing locks in a bun, or completely nude. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She appeared to have a special affinity towards jewelry. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Similar to <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2021/07/goddess-artemis.html">Artemis</a> and Cybele, Mistress of the Animals, she is seen at Aphrodisias, Turkey, with a polos, or tower, on her head and a body covered with registries of animals. </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This moniker belongs to Aphrodite since it has been thought that she calms the wild animal and encourages breeding between them rather than predation. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Animals are said to adore her and follow her across the wilderness. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The dolphin, swan, goose, goat, and dove are her pets. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She is often seen on the back of a huge bird, perched on a swan, or carrying a box containing the gifts she gives to the world. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She develops ties to the Virgin Mary and the Holy Spirit via her bond with the dove, an animal that has long been associated with goddesses. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Readers are brought full circle toward comprehending the gifts and attractions of a more real Aphrodite when they learn that she has a magical embroidered girdle, or kestos imas, that stimulates "beguilement, ardent discourse, desire, and love." She is the Goddess of Love, but not just any love—sacred, euphoric, heavenly love—the kind that can be lost in modern culture. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She symbolizes "humanity's need for reunification with the entire," as well as "playful tenderness and exhilarating delight, combined with wonder and reverence," according to Anne Baring and Jules Cashford. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">They quote Erich Neumann, who claims that the patriarchal sexualization of the feminine has destroyed Aphrodite's divinity, leaving us to forget who she really is. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Aphrodite is an unabashed love and sex appetite. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She is the wisdom-wrapped, sweet-smelling gardenia. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She elevates life and makes it lovely. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She bestows her bright laughter onto humanity. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Sappho's poems claim that she guards against the sorrows and tiredness of life. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She represents the Sacred Feminine, the delightful aspect that was filtered away with the advent of Judeo-Christian ideology. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Humanity was left with a loving mother who lacked sexuality, cutting them off from nature and the sensual and sexual joys of life, which are an essential aspect of Goddesses, especially Aphrodite. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi44Tv_aBTinKHjm1PBLfG5SITKq_8TYqE4L2Wc-2ItSSmkAElF1gGsFOBrZ6XX0vJ4Xgwb6VHMBqiN4r5dlBBhwnmOgqCJlT7GP66PzfNgE5BGoBRZO1I24FmaWmFi72jHHZJtxZt2XAPeYhdCv9EWBPlL2CSUrEMHrnUyJ5q33vF_ZSKC2aSL0Orv/s266/Pagan-Greek-Goddess-Demeter-KiranAtma-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="190" data-original-width="266" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi44Tv_aBTinKHjm1PBLfG5SITKq_8TYqE4L2Wc-2ItSSmkAElF1gGsFOBrZ6XX0vJ4Xgwb6VHMBqiN4r5dlBBhwnmOgqCJlT7GP66PzfNgE5BGoBRZO1I24FmaWmFi72jHHZJtxZt2XAPeYhdCv9EWBPlL2CSUrEMHrnUyJ5q33vF_ZSKC2aSL0Orv/w400-h286/Pagan-Greek-Goddess-Demeter-KiranAtma-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>At Palaepaphos, excavations started in 1888, and they uncovered the earliest sanctuary, which was built about 1200 BCE. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Late Bronze Age complex, which according to archaeologists like Franz George Maier, who has authored numerous books on the location, has deteriorated over time, although it was formerly composed of a wide open temenos and a smaller, covered inner sanctum. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The complex is further dated to the 12th century BCE by the discovery of Mycenaean pottery in tombs that are contemporaneous with the first hall and temenos. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The religious complex, which includes a court sanctuary and includes such architectural features as horns of consecration, stepped capitals, and ashlar masonry, reflects these influences because this first Aphrodite had an unmistakably Oriental character. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjreWOicy2ATQ3XP-1otO97E7kJ-PDFZfnWKaqSFbqqGJSvuE8hkjb3ykGKNsg_lV61S0KguHGktfLyNaF8XGrQ5y_KyC-zvMQW4xXSR8hFbdrfZUhQnCNmhywxG_opBRNhQX-rJuUP7oeb7pESIvxbdmcwnn-4RrYeh81kKAXmPxd32YNh1RKhbGEe/s935/Pagan-Greek-Goddess-Demeter-KiranAtma-2.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="935" data-original-width="557" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjreWOicy2ATQ3XP-1otO97E7kJ-PDFZfnWKaqSFbqqGJSvuE8hkjb3ykGKNsg_lV61S0KguHGktfLyNaF8XGrQ5y_KyC-zvMQW4xXSR8hFbdrfZUhQnCNmhywxG_opBRNhQX-rJuUP7oeb7pESIvxbdmcwnn-4RrYeh81kKAXmPxd32YNh1RKhbGEe/w239-h400/Pagan-Greek-Goddess-Demeter-KiranAtma-2.webp" width="239" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Paphos's megalithic temenos wall and the pillared hall that it stood next to to the north were two notable features. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It is believed that it served as the storage location for the conical stone that represented the Goddess. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">When the earthquakes of 76–77 CE damaged the shrine, the Romans arrived and had it restored. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Late Bronze Age Sanctuary was only partially integrated into the Roman structure. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The 86 × 73 yard (79 x 67 m) Roman Sanctuary of Aphrodite was constructed perhaps towards the end of the first century CE. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It was originally made up of a complicated collection of structures from several eras, including a hall and a section of the temenos from the sanctuary from the Late Bronze Age. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Romans also built raised platforms around banqueting halls with mosaic floors. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha6YSOtA44xM_PVGfbAa3Ly3Zw_rOcc6CWgEBoslALAnY97wxB9-LjfInGgR9bKqPRzlrmhYPXEBMMECtWmkt7wP-_yyo7eE_GiLcYEikAfi_nYJwAxK5Jqrsm4rWjEQ963k1_uWg4bwJBd0RVeLz8aEf0xovfxQo-KTxyk3q4n9jcJc5bniY1M87z/s1251/Pagan-Greek-Goddess-Demeter-KiranAtma-3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1251" data-original-width="1024" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha6YSOtA44xM_PVGfbAa3Ly3Zw_rOcc6CWgEBoslALAnY97wxB9-LjfInGgR9bKqPRzlrmhYPXEBMMECtWmkt7wP-_yyo7eE_GiLcYEikAfi_nYJwAxK5Jqrsm4rWjEQ963k1_uWg4bwJBd0RVeLz8aEf0xovfxQo-KTxyk3q4n9jcJc5bniY1M87z/w328-h400/Pagan-Greek-Goddess-Demeter-KiranAtma-3.jpg" width="328" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">There were several altars and sculptures in the temple, but the shrine lacked a statue of Aphrodite in human form; instead, it was assumed that her conical sign stood in the Roman Court or in the temenos of the former sanctuary. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It is now housed at Kouklia's local museum. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">On Cypress, Aphrodite never had a traditional Greco-Roman temple. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Even though it is not in its original position, the massive monolith that is seen at the temple site today was once a Bronze Age temple. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Even though the temple is in ruins, it is holy and deserving of being included in our exclusive list of 108 places since Aphrodite is significant both historically and now. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">How to reach Palaepaphos. </span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDvwI-3aqO7wMhEayga-kqNL9dpYv0bh5oYvAE9YeBhoxmZmMQESQqQRWt31CmKoqKbRcWD7TyIvtIIQz78Q03zEXnUxIY9PVUfkkf3tUUeGdwlAlVuZFb4Cx9SMJh2MPHyAD55IPDcj0tNgNQozCKShztpPPKrGqau-oW82Z4vPOJfnK8nDp73wbT/s293/Pagan-Greek-Goddess-Demeter-KiranAtma-4.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="293" data-original-width="220" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDvwI-3aqO7wMhEayga-kqNL9dpYv0bh5oYvAE9YeBhoxmZmMQESQqQRWt31CmKoqKbRcWD7TyIvtIIQz78Q03zEXnUxIY9PVUfkkf3tUUeGdwlAlVuZFb4Cx9SMJh2MPHyAD55IPDcj0tNgNQozCKShztpPPKrGqau-oW82Z4vPOJfnK8nDp73wbT/w300-h400/Pagan-Greek-Goddess-Demeter-KiranAtma-4.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></h2><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The third-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, Cypress lies only 74 kilometers (51 miles) south of Turkey and is readily accessible by boat or airplane. </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The current settlement of Kouklia, which is 14 miles (21 km) southeast of the contemporary city of Paphos, and the Temple of Aphrodite are both situated on the western side of the island. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The excavation site is home to two museums. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Visitors must come by cab or private tour since there is no direct public transport service to Kouklia as of this writing. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Be sure to stop by Aphrodite's Rock on the road between Paphos and Limassol, her baths, which are situated 8 miles (13 km) west of Polis, and an Astarte temple that is located right inside the city of Larnaca.</span></p><p><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html"><b>~Kiran Atma</b></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div><span style="color: #ffa400; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Kiran-Atma/e/B08WLY9VRY/">Amazon</a> | <a href="https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/21197594.Kiran_Atma">Goodreads</a> | <a href="https://twitter.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Twitter</a> | <a href="https://www.facebook.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Facebook</a> | <a href="https://www.instagram.com/kiran.atma/">Instagram</a> | <a href="https://www.pinterest.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Pinterest</a></b></span></div><div><span style="color: #ffa400; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #ffa400; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #ffa400; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5979151747663163869.post-61848045574087099872022-06-23T03:04:00.010-07:002022-07-10T21:15:39.666-07:00Goddess Zywie<script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Article","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-zywie.html"},"headline":"Goddess Zywie","description":"Zywie: Polish healer goddess. In Slavic mythology, Zywie is the bringer of death and the giver of life.","image":"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTjEG_YK5tmDFTQ_RDkfg4EvklV1Y_CWXmQTfyn1v5JiuMAdmghb6AK7hVaA050QEEUPh70_7Wbr64EZiwSqvXIfNBYeDFxW3X0gj6usB2fuh-OSM9ZsgtCUXtn6IIKy-bV3INhAPWR7PgEeJ9dg9n9oi_W-sVSLEAFmDg_O6g9cZoOi6URRuX3-NO/w400-h313/Goddess%20-Zywie-KiranAtma-1.jpg","author":{"@type":"","name":"Kiran Atma","url":"https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":""}},"datePublished":""}</script><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTjEG_YK5tmDFTQ_RDkfg4EvklV1Y_CWXmQTfyn1v5JiuMAdmghb6AK7hVaA050QEEUPh70_7Wbr64EZiwSqvXIfNBYeDFxW3X0gj6usB2fuh-OSM9ZsgtCUXtn6IIKy-bV3INhAPWR7PgEeJ9dg9n9oi_W-sVSLEAFmDg_O6g9cZoOi6URRuX3-NO/s564/Goddess%20-Zywie-KiranAtma-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="441" data-original-width="564" height="313" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTjEG_YK5tmDFTQ_RDkfg4EvklV1Y_CWXmQTfyn1v5JiuMAdmghb6AK7hVaA050QEEUPh70_7Wbr64EZiwSqvXIfNBYeDFxW3X0gj6usB2fuh-OSM9ZsgtCUXtn6IIKy-bV3INhAPWR7PgEeJ9dg9n9oi_W-sVSLEAFmDg_O6g9cZoOi6URRuX3-NO/w400-h313/Goddess%20-Zywie-KiranAtma-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><br />
</span><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Zywie:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Polish healer goddess </span></h2><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Slavic mythology, Zywie is the bringer of death and the giver of life.</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She brings healing and regeneration to the sick, as well as
spiritual rebirth to those who are in need. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The cuckoo bird is her totem.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html"><b>~Kiran Atma</b></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div><span style="color: #ffa400; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Kiran-Atma/e/B08WLY9VRY/">Amazon</a> | <a href="https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/21197594.Kiran_Atma">Goodreads</a> | <a href="https://twitter.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Twitter</a> | <a href="https://www.facebook.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Facebook</a> | <a href="https://www.instagram.com/kiran.atma/">Instagram</a> | <a href="https://www.pinterest.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Pinterest</a></b></span></div>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5979151747663163869.post-89905213146980387862022-06-23T03:00:00.045-07:002022-11-06T02:02:17.010-08:00Goddess Yum Chenmo<script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Article","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-yum-chenmo.html"},"headline":"Goddess Yum Chenmo","description":"Yum Chenmo also known as Prajnaparamita is a Tibetan goddess of knowledge.
Yum Chenmo is regarded as the mother of transcendental knowledge and the female Buddha.","image":["https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia6ruJPTYzzN4S4Zbzrt9taRRgwbvm-Sn707lPusLTCx3rgDC9Uz9zZOF7a8iqdoOIXAxCHm-2D7TxVI4g5EuJSkZj6cTVRTfgAKspH5ScDROoA75-Bx2a1iGXG4hPv8TwZ_1VlMje3CTXbiPCaOL7RLq2vXK3wx-p3QoCubYK4_uns1fUR4hFItCq/w298-h400/Goddess%20-Yum%20Chenmo-KiranAtma-1.jpg","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhxAAULelGWfMFbY7xhVDZvmbvE2v7IZpY1aSTzPTPUqo-JsSJfY80l83tdgqz1OyBi930MRoCa0h2HSH3I5-OZ8pyEGI6VUQ50KdBzZRwYAGI5Y1kZI9IAFA1UvSDQe3XBF51Wp_ZPVJpUgoNsSKHaRWGTG9HGtikUxfAZjh0nCZ2CYrs5GJiTgFAT=w297-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgAbOWXzNKATYLyDPcxEiAtKyBqgIpZsUuhYeB4RiMLIVbDj5yqK5O1Nr3GDU7nOumt1_6gM1i_464oOe09zSaO5cVAVSzev8mWXlAv9wIw4bysmbIHKCvhGAmW8_RLYDV_vJxx1BiHF1lCGK84oxTl9rZ5oDuU1mgkWdHD0l7oyHZ0txF9UavhcKtF=w287-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgIafgQvIWhv8vV0KeQDJe8vypWI9uARiAJ_J8OwF4f-SVe2dWjYNoW74cmeoju5A1ZFJ6c1Gr4RzMZYeDnjSkSDt49Wt1J2bonVY5sHfCq3tgxIVOkh4ENL9eCnj3A18CFJYBYpQiJ7RU0gQHYzPYwtWG8in8bTDw2Icg7yEWc_ifXZ58j5jEKDJaj=w338-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjZMzj1c4LFPIy3OZlhUY_JVhIpxYKr_HyOcbpRIbmIg7qbRNP7Qt5gzeAQLiQCXmK2FkaAlSTISspA3EBGUXfMEd4GYoJkcIkMbHzUCV1oURVhEHQi0W_nRwFm-0tNiEsAN8hXSjx-kpFH1HaWTCMD6utE1wB4xSN_ekyn9L6d4P4b5-LqU42nwkPM=w257-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiPiSmTTqfWTEhxJiAptlnnMFTP-WTl_f_WOtIYcb9A0nDwi3Z1vP01fuNrUkI_JRl2ATAfATumi7JXowsoyU3rS5D8lWxhAdWdMaRh6gTMr1SH0Dss4UUjtuCAVQ3jc6w313eGrpFlcyuTJybdV21p2UpB7fKY_crG8XUgR3BftAftMMa-HaTtVLId=w400-h225","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjrDO63JhedkR0t6ipP7y-bZC7fE1zTsS_hoZyzAJ5NnU55zdPlx7lX7FFdc_bCJdaoJqzKd8VKTyyfY9ZgmjHKO5cHLCosxCtYJKOir-uvPWH_G8MKT7OXfFfLFeDgYfD9GboHTGhTD2N9nu0oyfKCK6LsVeZjwOzBH-t9jJDg5kuI3C3AsbUz4j8f=w290-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgdnAvCFLf7SvJXC54WJuFJDXAl1SNVdZDdlx__g8ZheowgF-UaPn-eCv6Z45QfXqnenineymsdqfNrP5f6S9gCNniToJ_5PTA7EExzUyaSpf2LQ07zWnaBvPr6Gdf7DP5eEHyKJl2JWzMnIWayI02ckS8ctG2EK3E1DWnmCYLXH7FCWzx6ecpsXuVH=w290-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiwPeRUBuWWROmzdh7VO4_uNidkMXOSZ2dncYmW5oGZcU2Kks3UAY4qg3c272v41HR5CVKFEDUjHVXmRpIZVkiddz4z12LazzjkwQKKMnOIKPRWv-KPVRr1kAivLzvTCxqjaN-VTmTgSO-QO5AJ1q0vnIUy4hu8AdI_OIPl8Ky_cwVUCXHyUy9C2yHl=w187-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjQEF-S6x-8DqBO5ZIYKAStoPDpXJzY5W8sbZqt4JnkoTtp3whfoB_uMTqg-BtPXw5SqON5g03obBt_At0LTVQtu1Od1Jel-a04iTXhC1QaN60zDazfyEn3CMDXftIAIR5Gznci-OtakE5HD53yMdLP5jDTbyTLIDeEz_Q8sPDaiJpPJUyMiVRzk6K6=w400-h225","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhmSPfz8bBqMF4XyIR-NMMk8vJHLu_aqnr9Q7yDDU3FACkpWB5YsjjK0Ba6yAzrHPOc88HxJGEmPnJ8gZ5a0gxyq5OfvvNRMQ6CMjAJH8-q59n_JodaUYiYXwL0aSB63qfFhta1iExLcOwAVsSsz--ufkj6FMoHZe1bgPAv0yDj65NQyEmHHPKmkqi6=w400-h235","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiTp-BRKMi6QXU9-l2lhe7rOROENTBx3L78rjk1jdNZFLboBb_p0pQxMxsw1HOA3r4v40mGDkDbUouCHQwlDWcHLGGjcBMXu1zhRulDY8tOmurtdHl_mywtRViA6FSrGJMw8UWW2HAlUG2pbF6-NB09tizIaelQpy4HKlE5l63yBmgkcfyT31ABqjze=w300-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgTMC3pDPqkjLJ0fpbbkmaDN79LXzFJ5fjJgnwiqBiGQtXlP5f75cf_lvcehjnpUPsIQj7dneR6V26wmAsfrI9ucABd67bzXWXGIL2dbTdhXdzXGsRzp5cS9rG025S8tVskwgN_7u-bqni58bhQLaBCm3rXIYdN8p93CL0vJOcz0LvQ0QLPx0wprINb=w363-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhe4HspW8g5lYlvq5ldt1MvXeBLIJ5sYTUylRYH-XCyoKcC4MKIt9lcgwXZCBKnAILw_Eiqh1bOP8ccYjZEaH-Dm_5z4c_IVrPmvR9fg77Hx019C2veEbAVhz-aigt80MruqYRAdrirarder93aZwKUiM6CsNgCfmPBLX32Gr8QP9KGzxlm60csd5-m=w400-h365","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg2lDL01AmWEKGNzd40gWmgTTUGpJGQkB5Rae9v59oYSksriialrTFG4huQoKfEm6CGU7GkVTZ_D0qwYxlC3OKmfA9J_-dPcRxDAh9glmrPQOc9_BW4ThQqdYkMzlVXRV2IsjXdBvKl-EGKg_ROsaHAwnAUuMR0UMTnwmpznGsvIFzCfV0tkokQGMSF=w283-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiKwQP4vF7ZOhJq1CL_cov16KCADpISCIeF_Eo7kYir_cgoZP-TI9rQ0Cwbwp9hpZ-hnDMr0sJcp0mvMRAMaxifTwnjHjucGx5kgoVCNTzVcrLgnwuya6Lp0E6J53Zd3-lZcUVZisrht3rtvqvDCDA5xqg_fVJAl3SHDyrEVcOzUUKogDD1yGYRcAZR=w302-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEivpe18ExaJYDasCW739U4qZZ2o5K-Geb1D6EkglNLLcCgoCO1Ja6ubNa1_vMpmYUujNOAyTin-2xUsKuqzsI3wZAZgJ6hUx8BJhCxNHslBkVkdEGxCoaRezdWI_XqGyTM5CFL7z3eWGfegS1L-7u5vsDHs8ZmX3TGWewfkNO8b5WMa55qhZKO7Sw6J=w338-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiyR7uWpyDPGiFN1n_VhldLPANNMCkN-sqTFK6SsR3xW_ObI49gwLlpQ3eokni6o2a1VQ7lWWthLF4Ik-PlrLq8S-9bfbdemL5DbzNfz_y_h_gUbSWD2_hBdi86HsLZiGYL4DFowNNBf1kvh7ezq0FBgJeJ80vRqYfBuNAuhVgp2VEZZMH1MjNLw7uM=w265-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgJEedFSRCpOeJTaqGXcLjU_mw8wHHktvirDP1SZti9FNO6_WAmaKOYHkzC0bVyQmdK6R3hYGKiBAmX0-hEglvGomMUjjCzSKOpLW7gOvEiBbdueIERCV8KYTe-OJ-Eug10YkzKqA5qQc1Gp70oC7pWdB5l14mRb0xH3VKVlfjQti3ge_3V_lyvbiBU=w250-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgODQhZlROHZfQP-xkbVxC9Vev8MwpwcWc_hsgOd0rjrNzVdA8fW2r3b4YJkoiv_n8mwUT_FTDYxWWKzxYfT1CR4m3zaVQfd3oVPalj54DKhzs1b9cbYWpgCVeM9hUk4J0vCSBFB4Pm7JQV64x9nYEfpk5mapflke9tCAVmoauPBz8CG24PzxmtO2CP=w300-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgOqFZ0GSWh9QWX4O86Vaq-GGjJwoa-5ahNqmaqLwpAmbNw3EKvtiaH2hSFtIEwBydaKi2YFIoMtEkh9Tgnbp2tOItzpj58thXRaz2Ej7vmnUvnrSRGITQMNsBEjqu763h5PaMSL8kaXhFknIwoHdtyrLDfgvs9Mpi8y8HKn8uyW5yymoMIylMzW5Fl=w400-h244","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh9JI-Yao7H6KnRen0ycKb3vB-54IHqmUQEBzJI_9susHKOKw-JRfiYgZ_f0jBUoFzCWwebw620cxtG8Ft-K_GPmO1RLAxYgP5EQlqro4S6aLU0maps7ZLfzzskxIWdMxCQ0b3cRTfbW_178CrFrTnc3hTIb8mfNA6FHbxVOyuEe6WImnG5FVUwQpVk=w362-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgQCnNfefjUcCpbGZWHpRW1zC4SyoooSPl8LSS_48J3yFt5tVPFq5ykn2L4_y08Lt9bbcdhO_-V0n57vnbqU0lnVYjZo_oWCa-9xfWtKSTpeXlch2bDSle9BwiM7igd5xLvesT5ZG0IQGiGulBiU2BIPEDQSX7Nc9cPpSOL-GPZoytponQS99W3T-BT=w400-h240"],"author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Kiran Atma","url":"https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":""}},"datePublished":"2022-06-23","dateModified":"2022-10-24"}</script><div class="mbtTOC"> <button onclick="mbtToggle()">Table Of Contents</button> <ul id="mbtTOC"></ul> </div><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia6ruJPTYzzN4S4Zbzrt9taRRgwbvm-Sn707lPusLTCx3rgDC9Uz9zZOF7a8iqdoOIXAxCHm-2D7TxVI4g5EuJSkZj6cTVRTfgAKspH5ScDROoA75-Bx2a1iGXG4hPv8TwZ_1VlMje3CTXbiPCaOL7RLq2vXK3wx-p3QoCubYK4_uns1fUR4hFItCq/s260/Goddess%20-Yum%20Chenmo-KiranAtma-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="260" data-original-width="194" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia6ruJPTYzzN4S4Zbzrt9taRRgwbvm-Sn707lPusLTCx3rgDC9Uz9zZOF7a8iqdoOIXAxCHm-2D7TxVI4g5EuJSkZj6cTVRTfgAKspH5ScDROoA75-Bx2a1iGXG4hPv8TwZ_1VlMje3CTXbiPCaOL7RLq2vXK3wx-p3QoCubYK4_uns1fUR4hFItCq/w298-h400/Goddess%20-Yum%20Chenmo-KiranAtma-1.jpg" width="298" /></span></a></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><span style="font-family: Baskervville;"><br /></span></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Yum Chenmo (also known as Prajnaparamita) is a Tibetan
goddess of knowledge. </span></h2>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Yum Chenmo is regarded as the mother of transcendental
knowledge and the female Buddha. </span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She maintains the universe's rules in balance and provides
insight to those who seek it. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She is the abyss, the All and Nothing, as well as the
embodiment of meditation and instruction. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhxAAULelGWfMFbY7xhVDZvmbvE2v7IZpY1aSTzPTPUqo-JsSJfY80l83tdgqz1OyBi930MRoCa0h2HSH3I5-OZ8pyEGI6VUQ50KdBzZRwYAGI5Y1kZI9IAFA1UvSDQe3XBF51Wp_ZPVJpUgoNsSKHaRWGTG9HGtikUxfAZjh0nCZ2CYrs5GJiTgFAT" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="333" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhxAAULelGWfMFbY7xhVDZvmbvE2v7IZpY1aSTzPTPUqo-JsSJfY80l83tdgqz1OyBi930MRoCa0h2HSH3I5-OZ8pyEGI6VUQ50KdBzZRwYAGI5Y1kZI9IAFA1UvSDQe3XBF51Wp_ZPVJpUgoNsSKHaRWGTG9HGtikUxfAZjh0nCZ2CYrs5GJiTgFAT=w297-h400" width="297" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">What Is The Meaning Of Yum Chenmo?</span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Mahyna and Theravada Buddhism, the term "Prajpramit" (Sanskrit: ) refers to "the Perfection of Wisdom" or "Transcendental Knowledge." </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Both a refined perspective on the nature of reality and a specific collection of Mahyna texts (stras) that cover this knowledge are referred to as "prajpramit." </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It also alludes to Prajpramit Devi, a female goddess who is a manifestation of knowledge and is often referred to as the "Great Mother" (Tibetan: Yum Chenmo).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Sanskrit terms praj, meaning wisdom or knowledge, and pramit, meaning perfection or transcendence, are combined to form the word prajpramit. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A key theory in Mahyna Buddhism, prjpramit is often linked to concepts like emptiness (nyat), "lack of svabhva" (essence), the illusory nature of things (my), the idea that all phenomena are characterized by "non-arising" (anutpda, i.e., unborn), and the madhyamaka philosophy of Ngrjuna. Its application and comprehension are regarded as essential components of the Bodhisattva path. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgAbOWXzNKATYLyDPcxEiAtKyBqgIpZsUuhYeB4RiMLIVbDj5yqK5O1Nr3GDU7nOumt1_6gM1i_464oOe09zSaO5cVAVSzev8mWXlAv9wIw4bysmbIHKCvhGAmW8_RLYDV_vJxx1BiHF1lCGK84oxTl9rZ5oDuU1mgkWdHD0l7oyHZ0txF9UavhcKtF" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="307" data-original-width="220" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgAbOWXzNKATYLyDPcxEiAtKyBqgIpZsUuhYeB4RiMLIVbDj5yqK5O1Nr3GDU7nOumt1_6gM1i_464oOe09zSaO5cVAVSzev8mWXlAv9wIw4bysmbIHKCvhGAmW8_RLYDV_vJxx1BiHF1lCGK84oxTl9rZ5oDuU1mgkWdHD0l7oyHZ0txF9UavhcKtF=w287-h400" width="287" /></a></div><br /><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">What Is The Origin Of Yum Chenmo?</span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Some of the Prajnpramit stras are believed to be among the oldest Mahyna stras, according to Edward Conze, who describes them as "a collection of roughly forty writings... written somewhere on the Indian subcontinent between about 100 BC and AD 600."</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Aashasrik Prajpramit Stra, also known as "Perfection of Wisdom in 8,000 Lines," is generally accepted by Western academics to be the oldest text in the Prajpramit class. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It was most likely written down in the first century BCE. This timeline is based on Edward Conze's opinions, who primarily took into account the dates of translation into various languages. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Ratnaguasacaya Gth, a poetry translation of this work, is also available. Because it is not written in conventional literary Sanskrit, some people assume it to be a little older. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">These conclusions, however, are based on late-dating Indian writings, where poetry and mantras are often preserved in more archaic forms.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgIafgQvIWhv8vV0KeQDJe8vypWI9uARiAJ_J8OwF4f-SVe2dWjYNoW74cmeoju5A1ZFJ6c1Gr4RzMZYeDnjSkSDt49Wt1J2bonVY5sHfCq3tgxIVOkh4ENL9eCnj3A18CFJYBYpQiJ7RU0gQHYzPYwtWG8in8bTDw2Icg7yEWc_ifXZ58j5jEKDJaj" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1418" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgIafgQvIWhv8vV0KeQDJe8vypWI9uARiAJ_J8OwF4f-SVe2dWjYNoW74cmeoju5A1ZFJ6c1Gr4RzMZYeDnjSkSDt49Wt1J2bonVY5sHfCq3tgxIVOkh4ENL9eCnj3A18CFJYBYpQiJ7RU0gQHYzPYwtWG8in8bTDw2Icg7yEWc_ifXZ58j5jEKDJaj=w338-h400" width="338" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The Sanskrit Ratnagunasasacaya Gth's first two chapters serve as the PP literature's urtext. Chapters three through twenty-eight of the Ratnagunasacaya, as well as the prose of the Ashasrik, are then created. </b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville;">This foundational text was then further developed with (2) passages from the Abhidharma, (3) concessions to the "Buddhism of Faith," and (4) allusions to the Pure Land in the Mahayana. As a result of this procedure, the PP stras were (5) further expanded into bigger stras and (6) contracted into shorter stras (such as the Diamond Stra, Heart Stra, and Prajpramit in One Letter). The </span><span style="font-family: Baskervville;">(7) Indian PP Commentaries, </span><span style="font-family: Baskervville;">(8) Tantric PP writings, and </span><span style="font-family: Baskervville;">(9) Chinese Chan scriptures were all based on this extended corpus. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Jan Nattier also supports the idea that the Ashasrik evolved as different levels were gradually introduced. However, Matthew Orsborn has recently asserted that the complete sutra may have been produced as a single unit based on the chiastic elements of the text (with a few additions added on the core chapters).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjZMzj1c4LFPIy3OZlhUY_JVhIpxYKr_HyOcbpRIbmIg7qbRNP7Qt5gzeAQLiQCXmK2FkaAlSTISspA3EBGUXfMEd4GYoJkcIkMbHzUCV1oURVhEHQi0W_nRwFm-0tNiEsAN8hXSjx-kpFH1HaWTCMD6utE1wB4xSN_ekyn9L6d4P4b5-LqU42nwkPM" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="389" data-original-width="250" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjZMzj1c4LFPIy3OZlhUY_JVhIpxYKr_HyOcbpRIbmIg7qbRNP7Qt5gzeAQLiQCXmK2FkaAlSTISspA3EBGUXfMEd4GYoJkcIkMbHzUCV1oURVhEHQi0W_nRwFm-0tNiEsAN8hXSjx-kpFH1HaWTCMD6utE1wB4xSN_ekyn9L6d4P4b5-LqU42nwkPM=w257-h400" width="257" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Teachings Associated With Yumn Chenmo?</span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Many academics have hypothesized that the Caitika branch of the Mahsghikas was responsible for the creation of the Mahyna Prajpramit teachings. </b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">They contend that the southern Mahsghika schools in the ndhra area, near the Ka River, are where the Aashasrik Prajpramit Stra developed. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">These Mahsghikas built two illustrious monasteries close to Amarvati and the Dhnyakataka, which gave the Prvaaila and Aparaaila schools their names. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Ashasrik Prajpramit Stra in Prakrit was available at each of these schools. Guang Xing also judges that the Mahsghikas' perspective on the Buddha is represented in the Aashasrik Prajpramit Stra. According to Edward Conze, this sutra was created about 100 BCE.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Aashasrik Prajpramit's damaged and incomplete Kharoh manuscript was released in 2012 by Harry Falk and Seishi Karashima. It has a ca. radiocarbon date. It is one of the earliest known Buddhist scriptures, dating from 75 CE. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It resembles the earliest existing translation of the Prajpramit genre into a language other than Indian, Lokakema's translation of the Aashasrik into Chinese (about 179 CE), whose original text is thought to be in the Gndhr language. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It is also most likely a translation from Gndhri since it extends on numerous phrases and includes glosses for terms that are absent from the Gndhri when compared to the normal Sanskrit text. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiPiSmTTqfWTEhxJiAptlnnMFTP-WTl_f_WOtIYcb9A0nDwi3Z1vP01fuNrUkI_JRl2ATAfATumi7JXowsoyU3rS5D8lWxhAdWdMaRh6gTMr1SH0Dss4UUjtuCAVQ3jc6w313eGrpFlcyuTJybdV21p2UpB7fKY_crG8XUgR3BftAftMMa-HaTtVLId" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1181" data-original-width="2100" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiPiSmTTqfWTEhxJiAptlnnMFTP-WTl_f_WOtIYcb9A0nDwi3Z1vP01fuNrUkI_JRl2ATAfATumi7JXowsoyU3rS5D8lWxhAdWdMaRh6gTMr1SH0Dss4UUjtuCAVQ3jc6w313eGrpFlcyuTJybdV21p2UpB7fKY_crG8XUgR3BftAftMMa-HaTtVLId=w400-h225" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Ancient Yum Chenmo Scriptures.</span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>This suggests that the work was written in Gandhara's native language, Gndhr (the region now called the Northwest Frontier of Pakistan, including Peshawar, Taxila and Swat Valley). </b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">It is obvious that the "Split" manuscript is a copy of an older text, indicating that the book may have been written before the first century CE.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Japanese academics have long held the Diamond Stra (Vajracchedik Prajpramit Stra) to be from a relatively early period in the formation of Prajpramit literature, in contrast to western academia. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Vajracchedik is often placed earlier in this relative chronology for reasons other than the date of translation, such as a comparison of the topics and contents. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Some western academics also contend that the older Vajracchedik Prajpramit Stra served as a model for the Aashasrik Prajpramit Stra.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Gregory Schopen also believes the Vajracchedik to be older than the Aashasrik after looking at the vocabulary and expressions used in both texts. </b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Examining similarities between the two texts, where the Ashasrik seems to reflect the later or more evolved standpoint, helps to support this viewpoint. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The focus has shifted from an oral tradition (Vajracchedik) to a written tradition (Aashasrik), according to Schopen, who also claims that these works demonstrate this movement.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>One of the biggest PP sutras, the Pacaviatis Hasrika Prajpramit Stra (T. Shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag nyi shu lnga pa; C. Mohe bore boluomi jing) is composed of three volumes of the Tibetan Kangyur (26-28). </b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjrDO63JhedkR0t6ipP7y-bZC7fE1zTsS_hoZyzAJ5NnU55zdPlx7lX7FFdc_bCJdaoJqzKd8VKTyyfY9ZgmjHKO5cHLCosxCtYJKOir-uvPWH_G8MKT7OXfFfLFeDgYfD9GboHTGhTD2N9nu0oyfKCK6LsVeZjwOzBH-t9jJDg5kuI3C3AsbUz4j8f" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="264" data-original-width="191" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjrDO63JhedkR0t6ipP7y-bZC7fE1zTsS_hoZyzAJ5NnU55zdPlx7lX7FFdc_bCJdaoJqzKd8VKTyyfY9ZgmjHKO5cHLCosxCtYJKOir-uvPWH_G8MKT7OXfFfLFeDgYfD9GboHTGhTD2N9nu0oyfKCK6LsVeZjwOzBH-t9jJDg5kuI3C3AsbUz4j8f=w290-h400" width="290" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Given that there are multiple Indian commentators on this text, including those by Vimuktisena, Haribhadra, Smtijnakrti, and Ratnakarashanti, it was also one of the most significant and well-known PP sutras in India. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The original Sanskrit translation of the sutra, discovered in Gilgit, is still available. There are four translations into Chinese as well.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Nattier claims that the Pacaviatishasrik is essentially the Aashasrik basal text that has been "sliced" up and filled with additional content, greatly lengthening the book. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The greatest of the PP sutras, the huge "atashasrik Prajpramit Stra" (100,000 lines), is the result of this growth process, which persisted.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="font-family: Baskervville;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Joseph Walser asserts that there is evidence linking the Pacavi-atis-hasrik Prajpramit Stra (25,000 lines) and the atas-hasrik Prajpramit Stra (100,000 lines) to the Dharmaguptaka sect, but not the Aas-hasrik Prajpramit Stra (8,000 lines).</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Other PP works that were significantly shorter and had a structure distinct from the Ashasrik were also written. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Conze notes that among the shorter PP writings, "two of them, the Diamond Stra and the Heart Stra are in a class by themselves and deservely recognized across the world of Northern Buddhism, both of which have been translated into various languages and have frequently been remarked upon." </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to Jan Nattier, the Heart Sutra was likely created in China using fragments of the Pacavi-atis-hasrik and other writings. century seven. Red Pine, on the other hand, disagrees with Nattier's position and argues that the Heart Sutra is an Indian creation.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Tantric Prajpramit writings, including sutras like the Adhyardhaatik Prajpramit, were created starting in the year 500 CE, with the advent of Vajrayana Buddhism (150 lines). Additionally, according to some Tibetan Buddhists, Ngrjuna received the Prajpramit terma teachings from the Ngarja, or "King of the Ngas," who had been watching over them at the bottom of the ocean.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>According to the Chinese monk Zhu Shixing, who brought back a copy of the Prajpramit with 25,000 lines, it suggests that certain Prajpramit manuscripts were known in Central Asia by the middle of the third century CE.</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgdnAvCFLf7SvJXC54WJuFJDXAl1SNVdZDdlx__g8ZheowgF-UaPn-eCv6Z45QfXqnenineymsdqfNrP5f6S9gCNniToJ_5PTA7EExzUyaSpf2LQ07zWnaBvPr6Gdf7DP5eEHyKJl2JWzMnIWayI02ckS8ctG2EK3E1DWnmCYLXH7FCWzx6ecpsXuVH" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="264" data-original-width="191" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgdnAvCFLf7SvJXC54WJuFJDXAl1SNVdZDdlx__g8ZheowgF-UaPn-eCv6Z45QfXqnenineymsdqfNrP5f6S9gCNniToJ_5PTA7EExzUyaSpf2LQ07zWnaBvPr6Gdf7DP5eEHyKJl2JWzMnIWayI02ckS8ctG2EK3E1DWnmCYLXH7FCWzx6ecpsXuVH=w290-h400" width="290" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b style="font-family: Baskervville;"><span style="color: red; font-size: medium;">Zhu Shixing Brings Yum Chenmo To China.</span></b></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>When the Chinese monk Zhu Shixing made the decision to go to Khotan in 260 AD in search of the original Sanskrit stras, he was successful in finding the Prajpramit in 25,000 verses and attempted to convey it to China. </b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">However, many Hnaynists in Khotan made an effort to stop it since they believed the text to be unorthodox. In the end, Zhu Shixing remained in Khotan but sent the manuscript to Luoyang where a Khotanese monk by the name of Mokala transcribed it. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A second copy of the same scripture was brought to Chang'an by the Khotanese monk Gtamitra in 296.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Beginning in the second century CE, a large number of Prajpramit writings were translated into Chinese. The principal translators are Lokakema (c. 408 CE), Zh Qan (c.), Dharmaraka (c.), Mokala (c.), Kumrajva (c.), Xuánzàng (c.), Făxián (c.), and Dnapla (c.). These translations had a significant impact on both Chinese Buddhism and East Asian Mdhyamaka.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A Chinese scholar named Xuanzang (c. 602-664) visited India and brought three copies of the Mahprajpramit Stra back to China after his long travels. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In order to preserve the integrity of the original source material, Xuanzang began translating the extensive work in 660 CE with a group of disciple translators. Several of the disciple translators urged Xuanzang to produce an abbreviated version. A series of dreams helped Xuanzang make up his mind to produce an unabridged, complete book that was true to the original 600 fascicles.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiwPeRUBuWWROmzdh7VO4_uNidkMXOSZ2dncYmW5oGZcU2Kks3UAY4qg3c272v41HR5CVKFEDUjHVXmRpIZVkiddz4z12LazzjkwQKKMnOIKPRWv-KPVRr1kAivLzvTCxqjaN-VTmTgSO-QO5AJ1q0vnIUy4hu8AdI_OIPl8Ky_cwVUCXHyUy9C2yHl" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="329" data-original-width="153" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiwPeRUBuWWROmzdh7VO4_uNidkMXOSZ2dncYmW5oGZcU2Kks3UAY4qg3c272v41HR5CVKFEDUjHVXmRpIZVkiddz4z12LazzjkwQKKMnOIKPRWv-KPVRr1kAivLzvTCxqjaN-VTmTgSO-QO5AJ1q0vnIUy4hu8AdI_OIPl8Ky_cwVUCXHyUy9C2yHl=w187-h400" width="187" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The Dazhidulun (T no. 1509), a comprehensive commentary on the Pacaviatishasrik Prajpramit translated by Kumrajva, is a significant PP book in East Asian Buddhism (344–413 CE). </b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Heart and Diamond sutra has subsequent commentary from Zen Buddhists, and Kakai's commentary—from the ninth century—is the earliest documented Tantric commentary.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The academics Jinamitra and Silendrabodhi, as well as the translator Ye shes sDe, introduced the PP sutras to Tibet for the first time under the reign of Trisong Detsen (742–796). </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Abhisamaya Lakra and its multiple commentaries are the primary sources used by Tibetan Buddhist scholasticism to study the PP sutras. The Gelug school, according to Georges Dreyfus, "takes the Ornament as the central text for the study of the path" and "treats it as a kind of Buddhist encyclopedia, read in light of commentaries by Je Dzong-ka-ba, Gyel-tsap Je, and the authors of manuals [monastic textbooks]." This school places a special emphasis on the Abhisamaylakra.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Eight Prajpramit sutras that were "taught to bodhisattvas" and are regarded as superior (from the Sravakayana sutras) because they are superior "in eliminating conceptually imaged forms" are listed in an Indian commentary on the Mahynasagraha titled Vivtaguhyrthapiavykhy (A Condensed Explanation of the Revealed Secred Meaning, Derge No. 4052).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjQEF-S6x-8DqBO5ZIYKAStoPDpXJzY5W8sbZqt4JnkoTtp3whfoB_uMTqg-BtPXw5SqON5g03obBt_At0LTVQtu1Od1Jel-a04iTXhC1QaN60zDazfyEn3CMDXftIAIR5Gznci-OtakE5HD53yMdLP5jDTbyTLIDeEz_Q8sPDaiJpPJUyMiVRzk6K6" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="366" data-original-width="650" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjQEF-S6x-8DqBO5ZIYKAStoPDpXJzY5W8sbZqt4JnkoTtp3whfoB_uMTqg-BtPXw5SqON5g03obBt_At0LTVQtu1Od1Jel-a04iTXhC1QaN60zDazfyEn3CMDXftIAIR5Gznci-OtakE5HD53yMdLP5jDTbyTLIDeEz_Q8sPDaiJpPJUyMiVRzk6K6=w400-h225" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The following eight texts are presented in order of length:</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Vajracchedik Prajpramit Stra (Diamond Stra) is another name for the 300-line Triatik Prajpramit Stra.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Pacaatik Prajpramit Stra has 500 lines.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The 700-line Saptaatik Prajpramit Stra is the bodhisattva Majur's explanation of Prajpramit.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Srdhadvishasrik Prajpramit Stra: 2,500 lines taken from Suvikrntavikrmin Bodhisattva's inquiries</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Aashasrik Prajpramit Stra has 8,000 lines.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Adaashasrik Prajpramit Stra has 18,000 lines.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">the Pacaviatishasrik Prajpramit Stra, which contains 25,000 lines.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">100,000 lines, atashasrik Prajpramit Stra.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The vast Sanskrit collection of Prajpramit sutras known as "the Xuanzàng Prajpramit Library" or "The Great Prajpramitstra" ( , pinyin: br bluóm du jing) was translated by the Chinese scholar and translator Xuánzăng (, 602-664). </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Three copies of this Sanskrit text that Xuánzăng acquired in South India were brought back to China, and it is stated that these three sources served as the foundation for his translation. It has 600 scrolls in all and 5 million Chinese characters.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhmSPfz8bBqMF4XyIR-NMMk8vJHLu_aqnr9Q7yDDU3FACkpWB5YsjjK0Ba6yAzrHPOc88HxJGEmPnJ8gZ5a0gxyq5OfvvNRMQ6CMjAJH8-q59n_JodaUYiYXwL0aSB63qfFhta1iExLcOwAVsSsz--ufkj6FMoHZe1bgPAv0yDj65NQyEmHHPKmkqi6" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2345" data-original-width="4000" height="235" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhmSPfz8bBqMF4XyIR-NMMk8vJHLu_aqnr9Q7yDDU3FACkpWB5YsjjK0Ba6yAzrHPOc88HxJGEmPnJ8gZ5a0gxyq5OfvvNRMQ6CMjAJH8-q59n_JodaUYiYXwL0aSB63qfFhta1iExLcOwAVsSsz--ufkj6FMoHZe1bgPAv0yDj65NQyEmHHPKmkqi6=w400-h235" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">There are 16 texts from the Prajpramit collection.</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Prajpramit Stra has 100,000 verses (scrolls 1-400)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Prajpramit Stra has 25,000 verses (scrolls 401-478)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Prajpramit Stra has 18,000 verses (scrolls 479-537)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">8,000 verses of the Prajpramit sutra (scrolls 538-555)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">8,000 verses of a condensed version of the Prajpramit Stra (scrolls 556-565)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Devarajapravara Prajpramit Stra is a section of Suvikrnta's Questions (scrolls 566-573)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Prajpramit Stra has 700 verses (scrolls 574-575)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Prajpramit Ngaripa-priccha (scroll 576)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Diamant Sutra (scroll 577)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Prajpramit Stra has 150 verses (scroll 578)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">"rya pa capramitnirdea nma mahyna stra" (bokrull 579-592)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Questions posed by Suvikrnta (scroll 593-600)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Abhisamaylakra is regarded as a commentary on seventeen Prajpramit (PP) primary texts in the Tibetan Buddhist tradition. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">These are referred to as the "Seventeen Mothers and Sons," and they are considered to be the most significant PP sutras (Wyl. yum sras bcu bdun).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiTp-BRKMi6QXU9-l2lhe7rOROENTBx3L78rjk1jdNZFLboBb_p0pQxMxsw1HOA3r4v40mGDkDbUouCHQwlDWcHLGGjcBMXu1zhRulDY8tOmurtdHl_mywtRViA6FSrGJMw8UWW2HAlUG2pbF6-NB09tizIaelQpy4HKlE5l63yBmgkcfyT31ABqjze" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="600" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiTp-BRKMi6QXU9-l2lhe7rOROENTBx3L78rjk1jdNZFLboBb_p0pQxMxsw1HOA3r4v40mGDkDbUouCHQwlDWcHLGGjcBMXu1zhRulDY8tOmurtdHl_mywtRViA6FSrGJMw8UWW2HAlUG2pbF6-NB09tizIaelQpy4HKlE5l63yBmgkcfyT31ABqjze=w300-h400" width="300" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">These are The Six Mothers:</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Perfection of Wisdom in One Hundred Thousand Lines, Tohoku (Toh) Catalogue #8 (Sanskrit: atashasrikprajpramit; Wylie: sher phyin stong phrag brgya pa/('bum/)).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Pacaviatishasrikprajpramit, sher phyin stong phrag nyi shu lnga pa/(nyi khri/), Toh 9. The Perfection of Wisdom in Twenty-Five Thousand Lines</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Sher Phyin Khri Brgyad Stong Pa, The Perfection of Wisdom in Eighteen Thousand Lines (Adaas Hasrikprajpramit), Toh 10.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Shes phyin khri pa, Toh 11, The Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Ten Thousand Lines (Daashasrikprajpramit).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Eight Thousand Lines: The Perfection of Wisdom (Aashasrikprajpramit, sher phyin brgyad stong pa), Toh 12.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa sdud pa tshigs su, in The Verses that Summarize the Perfection of Wisdom (Prajpramitsacayagth), Toh 13.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgTMC3pDPqkjLJ0fpbbkmaDN79LXzFJ5fjJgnwiqBiGQtXlP5f75cf_lvcehjnpUPsIQj7dneR6V26wmAsfrI9ucABd67bzXWXGIL2dbTdhXdzXGsRzp5cS9rG025S8tVskwgN_7u-bqni58bhQLaBCm3rXIYdN8p93CL0vJOcz0LvQ0QLPx0wprINb" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="675" data-original-width="612" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgTMC3pDPqkjLJ0fpbbkmaDN79LXzFJ5fjJgnwiqBiGQtXlP5f75cf_lvcehjnpUPsIQj7dneR6V26wmAsfrI9ucABd67bzXWXGIL2dbTdhXdzXGsRzp5cS9rG025S8tVskwgN_7u-bqni58bhQLaBCm3rXIYdN8p93CL0vJOcz0LvQ0QLPx0wprINb=w363-h400" width="363" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">These are The Eleven Sons:</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Seven Hundred Lines of Perfect Wisdom (sapta atik praj pramit), Toh 24.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Pacaatik Prajpramit: The Perfection of Wisdom in Five Hundred Lines, Toh 15.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The illustrious perfection of wisdom is found in the fifty lines of the Bhagavata Purana (Toh 18).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Rules of Wisdom's Perfection in One Hundred and Fifty Lines (prajpramitnayaatapacaatik), Toh 17.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Twenty-Five Entrances to Wisdom's Perfection (pacaviatikprajpramitmukha), Toh 20</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Svalpkaraprajpramit: The Perfection of Wisdom in a Few Syllables, Toh 22.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Wisdom Mother's Perfection in One Syllable (ekkarmtprajpramit), Toh 23.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Kauika's (kauikaprajpramit's) Perfection of Wisdom, Toh 19</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Questions of Suvikrntavikrmin, Toh 14. The Perfection of Wisdom Teachings, "The Questions of Suvikrntavikrmin" (suvikrntavikrmipariparipcchprajpramitnirdea).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The "Diamond Cutter" (vajracchedik) Sutra on the Perfection of Wisdom, Toh 16.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Blessed Mother, the Heart of the Perfection of Wisdom (Bhagavatprajpramithdaya), Toh 21.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhe4HspW8g5lYlvq5ldt1MvXeBLIJ5sYTUylRYH-XCyoKcC4MKIt9lcgwXZCBKnAILw_Eiqh1bOP8ccYjZEaH-Dm_5z4c_IVrPmvR9fg77Hx019C2veEbAVhz-aigt80MruqYRAdrirarder93aZwKUiM6CsNgCfmPBLX32Gr8QP9KGzxlm60csd5-m" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="423" data-original-width="464" height="365" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhe4HspW8g5lYlvq5ldt1MvXeBLIJ5sYTUylRYH-XCyoKcC4MKIt9lcgwXZCBKnAILw_Eiqh1bOP8ccYjZEaH-Dm_5z4c_IVrPmvR9fg77Hx019C2veEbAVhz-aigt80MruqYRAdrirarder93aZwKUiM6CsNgCfmPBLX32Gr8QP9KGzxlm60csd5-m=w400-h365" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In addition to the seventeen Mothers and Sons sutras, the Kangyur's Prajpramit section also contains the following sutras:</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The 108 Names of the Perfection of Wisdom (prajpramitnmaataka), Toh 25.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Sryagarbha's (sryagarbhaprajpramit's) Perfection of Wisdom, Toh 26.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Candragarbha's Perfection of Wisdom (Candragarbhaprajpramit), Toh 27.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Samantabhadra's Perfection of Wisdom (samantabhadraprajpramit), Toh 28.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Vajrapiprajpramit, Toh 29, The Perfection of Wisdom for Vajrapi</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Vajraketu's Perfection of Wisdom (vajraketuprajpramit), Toh 30.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">On the Prajpramit sutras, there are several Indian and subsequently Chinese commentators. Some of the more significant commentaries include:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The vast and comprehensive Mahprajpramitopadea (, T no. 1509) was translated into Chinese by Buddhist scholar Kumrajva (344–413 CE). This essay is written in response to the Pacaviatishasrik Prajpramit. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The colophon of this work states that it is by the Buddhist philosopher Nagarjuna (c. 2nd century), however numerous academics, including Étienne Lamotte, have questioned this claim. Gelongma Karma Migme Chodron and Lamotte translated this text from the French into English as Le Traité de la Grande Vertu de Sagesse.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg2lDL01AmWEKGNzd40gWmgTTUGpJGQkB5Rae9v59oYSksriialrTFG4huQoKfEm6CGU7GkVTZ_D0qwYxlC3OKmfA9J_-dPcRxDAh9glmrPQOc9_BW4ThQqdYkMzlVXRV2IsjXdBvKl-EGKg_ROsaHAwnAUuMR0UMTnwmpznGsvIFzCfV0tkokQGMSF" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="425" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg2lDL01AmWEKGNzd40gWmgTTUGpJGQkB5Rae9v59oYSksriialrTFG4huQoKfEm6CGU7GkVTZ_D0qwYxlC3OKmfA9J_-dPcRxDAh9glmrPQOc9_BW4ThQqdYkMzlVXRV2IsjXdBvKl-EGKg_ROsaHAwnAUuMR0UMTnwmpznGsvIFzCfV0tkokQGMSF=w283-h400" width="283" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The first Prajpramit shastra in the Tibetan tradition is called Abhisamaya Lakra (Ornament of Clear Realization). </span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Tradition has it that the master of the Yogachara school and scholar Asanga (fl. 4th century CE) received this revelation from the Bodhisattva Maitreya.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Later Tibetan works have been influenced by the Abhisamayalankaraloka, the Indian commentary on this text by Haribadra. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Another Indian commentary on the AA is written by Vimuktisena.</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">commonly credited to Vasubandhu, "atashasrik-pacaviatishasrik-daashasrik-prajpramit-bhak" (4th century).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Darsena-attributed Satasahasrika-paramita-brhattika.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Prajnaparamitarthasamgraha-karika of Dignga.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Prajpramitopadea of Ratnkaranti.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiKwQP4vF7ZOhJq1CL_cov16KCADpISCIeF_Eo7kYir_cgoZP-TI9rQ0Cwbwp9hpZ-hnDMr0sJcp0mvMRAMaxifTwnjHjucGx5kgoVCNTzVcrLgnwuya6Lp0E6J53Zd3-lZcUVZisrht3rtvqvDCDA5xqg_fVJAl3SHDyrEVcOzUUKogDD1yGYRcAZR" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2122" data-original-width="1600" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiKwQP4vF7ZOhJq1CL_cov16KCADpISCIeF_Eo7kYir_cgoZP-TI9rQ0Cwbwp9hpZ-hnDMr0sJcp0mvMRAMaxifTwnjHjucGx5kgoVCNTzVcrLgnwuya6Lp0E6J53Zd3-lZcUVZisrht3rtvqvDCDA5xqg_fVJAl3SHDyrEVcOzUUKogDD1yGYRcAZR=w302-h400" width="302" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /><br /></span><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The figure of the Bodhisattva (literally, awakening-being), which is defined in the 8,000-line Prajpramit sutra as follows, is a central topic of the Prajpramit sutras.</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">"One who practices all dharmas without hindrance [asakti, asaktat] and also understands all dharmas exactly as they are."</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Then, a Bodhisattva is a being that perceives reality or suchness (Tatht) as it is and feels everything "without attachment" (asakti). </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The fundamental ideal of Mahayana (Great Vehicle), which views Buddhahood as the endpoint of the Buddhist path and not only for oneself but for all sentient beings, is the bodhisattva:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">They determine that "we will tame one single self..." We will guide one solitary self to ultimate Nirvana.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In no way should a Bodhisattva train himself in this manner.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Instead, he ought to instruct himself as follows: "I will put my own self in Suchness [the real way of things], and in order to benefit the entire world,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">All creatures will be brought into Suchness, and I shall guide the whole infinite universe of beings to Nirvana."</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The practice of Prajpramit, a very profound (gambhra) level of knowledge that is a comprehension of reality emerging through analysis as well as meditative insight, is a key characteristic of the Bodhisattva. It is transcendental, non-conceptual, and non-dual (advaya). </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The phrase may be interpreted literally to mean transcendental knowledge or "knowledge gone to the other (beach)". According to the Aashasrik Prajpramit Stra</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEivpe18ExaJYDasCW739U4qZZ2o5K-Geb1D6EkglNLLcCgoCO1Ja6ubNa1_vMpmYUujNOAyTin-2xUsKuqzsI3wZAZgJ6hUx8BJhCxNHslBkVkdEGxCoaRezdWI_XqGyTM5CFL7z3eWGfegS1L-7u5vsDHs8ZmX3TGWewfkNO8b5WMa55qhZKO7Sw6J" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="592" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEivpe18ExaJYDasCW739U4qZZ2o5K-Geb1D6EkglNLLcCgoCO1Ja6ubNa1_vMpmYUujNOAyTin-2xUsKuqzsI3wZAZgJ6hUx8BJhCxNHslBkVkdEGxCoaRezdWI_XqGyTM5CFL7z3eWGfegS1L-7u5vsDHs8ZmX3TGWewfkNO8b5WMa55qhZKO7Sw6J=w338-h400" width="338" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The non-grasping of form, feeling, perception, volition, and cognition is referred to as the bodhisattva's Prajpramit.</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In another section of the 8,000-line Prajpramit sutra, it is explained that Prajpramit means that a Bodhisattva stands in emptiness (shunyata) by not standing (sth) or resting on any dharma (phenomena), whether conditioned or unconditioned. Standard lists of dharmas, such as the five aggregates, the sense fields (ayatana), nirvana, Buddhahood, etc., include those that a Bodhisattva "does not stand" on. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">To clarify, it is said that Bodhisattvas "wander without a home" (aniketacr); "home" or "abode" being signs (nimitta, meaning a subjective mental impression) of sensory objects and the afflictions that result from them. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This includes a lack of even "proper" mental indications and perceptions, such as "form is not self," "I practice Prajpramit," etc., as well as its "not taking up" (aparighta). To stand in Prajpramit is to be free of all structures and signs; to be signless (animitta) means to be devoid of them. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to the Prajpramit sutras, all Buddhas and Bodhisattvas in the past have engaged in Prajpramit practice. In the Prajpramit sutras, Prajpramit is also linked to Sarvajata (all-knowledge), a characteristic of a Buddha's intellect that understands the essence of all dharmas.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In addition, "such omniscient wisdom is always nonconceptual and free from reference points since it is the constant and panoramic awareness of the nature of all phenomena and does not involve any shift between meditative equipoise and subsequent attainment," says Karl Brunnholzl, "such omniscient wisdom is always free from reference points because it is the constant and panoramic awareness of the nature of all phenomena."</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville;">Yum Chenmo And </span><span style="font-family: Baskervville;">Bodhisattva.</span></span></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiyR7uWpyDPGiFN1n_VhldLPANNMCkN-sqTFK6SsR3xW_ObI49gwLlpQ3eokni6o2a1VQ7lWWthLF4Ik-PlrLq8S-9bfbdemL5DbzNfz_y_h_gUbSWD2_hBdi86HsLZiGYL4DFowNNBf1kvh7ezq0FBgJeJ80vRqYfBuNAuhVgp2VEZZMH1MjNLw7uM" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1808" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiyR7uWpyDPGiFN1n_VhldLPANNMCkN-sqTFK6SsR3xW_ObI49gwLlpQ3eokni6o2a1VQ7lWWthLF4Ik-PlrLq8S-9bfbdemL5DbzNfz_y_h_gUbSWD2_hBdi86HsLZiGYL4DFowNNBf1kvh7ezq0FBgJeJ80vRqYfBuNAuhVgp2VEZZMH1MjNLw7uM=w265-h400" width="265" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to Edward Conze, a Bodhisattva who practices prajpramit should possess the following psychological traits:</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Non-apprehension (anupalabdhi) (anupalabdhi)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Absence of "non-attachment" or settling down (anabhinivesa)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Not achieved (aprapti). Any dharma cannot be "had," "possessed," "acquired," or "gained" by anyone.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">being independent of all dharmas, standing alone, and not relying on any dharma.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The attitude of the accomplished sage is one of non-assertion, one might say.</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Prajpramit sutras also stress the significance of other pramits (perfections) for the Bodhisattva, such as Ksanti (patience): "They [bodhisattvas] cannot accomplish their separate ends without resorting to this patience (knti)," they say.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Another characteristic of a Bodhisattva is their lack of fear (natras) in the face of the notion that all dharmas, including their own existence, are empty. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A trustworthy buddy (kalyanamitra) is helpful on the road to bravery. Additionally, Bodhisattvas have no sense of self-importance or pride in their status as Bodhisattvas (na manyeta). These are crucial aspects of a bodhisattva's mind, also known as bodhicitta. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Prajpramit sutras further state that bodhicitta is a middle path, that it is "immutable" (avikra), "free from conceptualization," and that it is neither seen as existing (astit) or non-existent (nstit) (avikalpa).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Bodhisattvas and Mahsattvas are also willing to give up all of their meritorious deeds for sentience. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Bodhisattva is said to generate "great compassion" (maha-karu) for all beings on their path to liberation while also maintaining a sense of equanimity (upek) and distance from them through their understanding of emptiness. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgJEedFSRCpOeJTaqGXcLjU_mw8wHHktvirDP1SZti9FNO6_WAmaKOYHkzC0bVyQmdK6R3hYGKiBAmX0-hEglvGomMUjjCzSKOpLW7gOvEiBbdueIERCV8KYTe-OJ-Eug10YkzKqA5qQc1Gp70oC7pWdB5l14mRb0xH3VKVlfjQti3ge_3V_lyvbiBU" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="284" data-original-width="177" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgJEedFSRCpOeJTaqGXcLjU_mw8wHHktvirDP1SZti9FNO6_WAmaKOYHkzC0bVyQmdK6R3hYGKiBAmX0-hEglvGomMUjjCzSKOpLW7gOvEiBbdueIERCV8KYTe-OJ-Eug10YkzKqA5qQc1Gp70oC7pWdB5l14mRb0xH3VKVlfjQti3ge_3V_lyvbiBU=w250-h400" width="250" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As a result, the Bodhisattva knows that even after bringing A Bodhisattva may develop into the following via prajipramit practice:</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">"you shall become a support to those who are without support, a savior of the helpless, a defender of the defenceless, a refuge to those without refuge, a place to rest to those without resting place, the final relief of those who are without it, an island to those without one, a light to the blind, a guide to the guideless, a resort to those without one, and...guide to the path those who have lost it."</span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Yum Chenmo And Adherence To Dharma.</span></h2><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Other significant concepts found in the Prajpramit scriptures are Tathgata, Dharmat (the character of Dharma), and Tatht (Suchness or Thusness). </span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Prajpramit is the practice of adhering to "the nature of Dharma" and seeing the Tathgata (i.e. the Buddha). </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to the Aashasrik Prajpramit Stra, these terms are typically used interchangeably: "As the suchness (tathat) of dharmas is immovable (acalit), and the suchness (tathat) of dharmas is the Tathgata." </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Tathgata is described as "neither coming nor going" in the Aashasrik Prajpramit Stra. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>In addition, the Ashasrik Prajpramit Stra provides a list of terms that describe Tathgata as also existing "beyond coming and going," among them: </b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">1. Being such (tathat); </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">2. Anutpda (unrisen); </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">3. Limit of reality (bhtakoi); </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">4. "Nyat" (emptiness); </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">5. Category (yathvatta); </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">6. Separation (virga); </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">7. Nirodha (cease); </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">8. Space component (kadhtu). </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgODQhZlROHZfQP-xkbVxC9Vev8MwpwcWc_hsgOd0rjrNzVdA8fW2r3b4YJkoiv_n8mwUT_FTDYxWWKzxYfT1CR4m3zaVQfd3oVPalj54DKhzs1b9cbYWpgCVeM9hUk4J0vCSBFB4Pm7JQV64x9nYEfpk5mapflke9tCAVmoauPBz8CG24PzxmtO2CP" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="810" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgODQhZlROHZfQP-xkbVxC9Vev8MwpwcWc_hsgOd0rjrNzVdA8fW2r3b4YJkoiv_n8mwUT_FTDYxWWKzxYfT1CR4m3zaVQfd3oVPalj54DKhzs1b9cbYWpgCVeM9hUk4J0vCSBFB4Pm7JQV64x9nYEfpk5mapflke9tCAVmoauPBz8CG24PzxmtO2CP=w300-h400" width="300" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The sutra continues:</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">There cannot exist a Tathgata apart from these dharmas. These dharmas' and the Tathgatas' respective suchnesses are all one single suchness (ekaivai tathat), not two or split (dvaidhkra). ... beyond any categorisation (gaanvyativtt) since it doesn't exist.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Since suchness, like the other words, is not a real thing (bhta, svabhva), it only manifests conceptually via dependent origination, much like a dream or an illusion, and as a result, suchness does not come or go.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Yum Chenmo And Dharma.</span></h2><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Prajpramit takes into account the ontological position of dharmas in six different ways, according to Edward Conze:</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Dharmas don't exist since they aren't self-aware (svabhava).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Dharmas only have a theoretical existence. They are only words, just forms of expression.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Dharmas are "without markings, with one mark alone, i.e., without marks," where a mark (laksana) is a distinguishing characteristic that sets one dharma apart from another.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Dharmas are completely and utterly secluded (vivikta) (atyantavivikta).</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Dharmas are not really ever brought forth, they are unborn; they have never been created, they have never been (ajata).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Numerous similes, such as dreams, magical illusions, echoes, reflected pictures, mirages, and space, are used to represent non-production.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">One is said to receive a vision of the Buddha (the Tathgata) via witnessing this Tatht; doing so is referred to as seeing the Buddha's Dharmakaya (Dharma body), which is none other than the real essence of dharmas.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The majority of contemporary Buddhist scholars, including Lamotte, Conze, and Yin Shun, believe that the Prajpramit sutras' main topic is nyat (emptiness, voidness, hollowness). </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Author Edward Conze says,</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Sanskrit phrase is svabhva-nya, and it is now the main teaching of Prajpramit with reference to own-being that it is "empty." </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Svabhava may refer to any oblique case in this tatpurua compound, in which the final item is qualified by the first without losing its grammatical independence. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Mahayana interprets this to suggest that all dharmas are reliant on something other than themselves, that is, that they are not ultimate realities in and of themselves, but are only imagined and wrongly differentiated. From a slightly different perspective, this means that dharmas reveal an own-being that is identical with emptiness when viewed with perfected gnosis, i.e., they are empty in their own-being.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgOqFZ0GSWh9QWX4O86Vaq-GGjJwoa-5ahNqmaqLwpAmbNw3EKvtiaH2hSFtIEwBydaKi2YFIoMtEkh9Tgnbp2tOItzpj58thXRaz2Ej7vmnUvnrSRGITQMNsBEjqu763h5PaMSL8kaXhFknIwoHdtyrLDfgvs9Mpi8y8HKn8uyW5yymoMIylMzW5Fl" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="210" data-original-width="345" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgOqFZ0GSWh9QWX4O86Vaq-GGjJwoa-5ahNqmaqLwpAmbNw3EKvtiaH2hSFtIEwBydaKi2YFIoMtEkh9Tgnbp2tOItzpj58thXRaz2Ej7vmnUvnrSRGITQMNsBEjqu763h5PaMSL8kaXhFknIwoHdtyrLDfgvs9Mpi8y8HKn8uyW5yymoMIylMzW5Fl=w400-h244" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In the Prajpramit sutras, apophatic expressions are often used to convey the nature of reality as seen by Prajpramit. </span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Prajpramit sutras often use the formula "A is not A, thus it is A" or, more frequently, merely part of the prior assertion, as in "XY is a Y-less XY," to negate a previous claim. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Hajime Nakamura, a Japanese Buddhist scholar, refers to this denial as the "logic of not" (na prthak). An example of this use of negative is found in the Diamond Sutra:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Subhuti, all of them are dharma-less as far as "all dharmas" are concerned. They are known as "all dharmas" for this reason.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This form's foundation is the Buddhist notion of the two truths, which places conventional truth and ultimate truth side by side. </span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The idea that nothing has an ontological essence and that everything is merely conceptual and without substance is supposed to be expounded by the negation of conventional truth, which is meant to demonstrate the ultimate truth of the emptiness (or "nyat") of all reality.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In order to emphasize that dharmas should not be conceptualized as either existing or not, the Prajpramit sutras state: "In the way in which dharmas exist (savidyante), just so do they not exist (asavidyante)".</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville;">Yum Chenmo In </span><span style="font-family: Baskervville;">Prajpramit Sutras And </span><span style="font-family: Baskervville;">Diamond Sutra. </span></span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to the Prajpramit sutras, all dharmas (phenomena) resemble illusions (my), dreams (svapna), and mirages in some manner. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to the Diamond Sutra:</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This is how one should see the conditioned: "A shooting star, a clouding of the sight, a lamp, an illusion, a drop of dew, a bubble, a dream, a lightning's flash, a thunder cloud."</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The highest wisdom, or praja, is a form of spiritual knowledge that sees everything as illusory, including the highest Buddhist goals like Buddhahood and Nirvana. According to Subhuti in the Ashasrik Prajpramit Stra:</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Even if there were something more distinct, I would still say that it is similar to an illusion or a dream because Nirva and illusions are not two entirely different things.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This is related to the transience and illusory character of dharmas. The Prajpramit sutras compare awakening of beings (by "cutting off" the conceptualization of self view; Skt: tmadi chindati) and the fact that this is also ultimately like an illusion because their aggregates "are neither bound nor released" to the simile of a magician (mykra: "illusion-maker") who, while seemingly killing his illusory persons by cutting off their heads, really kills nobody. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The conception and mental creation of dharmas as existing or not existing, as emerging or not originating, is hence the illusion. </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Prajpramit, who is devoid of ideas and fabrications, sees through this deception.</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The "great armor" (mahsanaha), also known as the "illusory man" (mypurua), of the Bodhisattva is described as seeing dharmas and beings as an illusion (mydharmat).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The phenomenon of laudatory self reference—the lengthy praise of the sutra itself, the immense merits to be obtained from treating even one verse of it with reverence, and the unpleasant consequences that will result from those who denigrate the scripture in accordance with karma—is another major theme of the Prajpramit sutras, according to Paul Williams.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to Edward Conze, the Prajñāpāramitā sutras contributed considerable new doctrinal information in the latter levels and the bigger texts. Conze cites the following further accretions:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Growing sectarianism, with all the hostility, abuse, and debate it entails</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">the addition of ever-longer Abhidharma lists and an increase in scholasticism</span></li></ul><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Stress is being placed more and more on methodical skill, as well as its offshoots like the Bodhisattva's Vow and the four ways of conversion and its logical progressions like the difference between provisional and ultimate truth.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">an increasing worry over practicing Buddhists, their heavenly Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, and Buddha-fields;</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">a propensity for repetition, overelaboration, and verbosity</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Lamentations regarding the Dharma's decline</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The more often the hidden meaning is revealed, the more the original meaning is obscured.</span></li></ol><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville;">Any use of the term "Buddha's Dharma body" to refer to anything other than a collection of his teachings, </span><span style="font-family: Baskervville;">a doctrine that describes a Bodhisattva's career in graded stages (bhmi) in increasing depth.</span></span></b></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"> Yum Chenmo In Art.</span></h2><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Buddhist art, Prajpramit is often personified as a female bodhisattva known as Prajpramitdevi.</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh9JI-Yao7H6KnRen0ycKb3vB-54IHqmUQEBzJI_9susHKOKw-JRfiYgZ_f0jBUoFzCWwebw620cxtG8Ft-K_GPmO1RLAxYgP5EQlqro4S6aLU0maps7ZLfzzskxIWdMxCQ0b3cRTfbW_178CrFrTnc3hTIb8mfNA6FHbxVOyuEe6WImnG5FVUwQpVk" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="389" data-original-width="351" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh9JI-Yao7H6KnRen0ycKb3vB-54IHqmUQEBzJI_9susHKOKw-JRfiYgZ_f0jBUoFzCWwebw620cxtG8Ft-K_GPmO1RLAxYgP5EQlqro4S6aLU0maps7ZLfzzskxIWdMxCQ0b3cRTfbW_178CrFrTnc3hTIb8mfNA6FHbxVOyuEe6WImnG5FVUwQpVk=w362-h400" width="362" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Art from the Himalayas, old Javanese art, and Cambodian art all include Prajpramitdevi.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In the eighth century CE, Mahayana Buddhism developed in the palace of Sailendra in ancient Java. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgQCnNfefjUcCpbGZWHpRW1zC4SyoooSPl8LSS_48J3yFt5tVPFq5ykn2L4_y08Lt9bbcdhO_-V0n57vnbqU0lnVYjZo_oWCa-9xfWtKSTpeXlch2bDSle9BwiM7igd5xLvesT5ZG0IQGiGulBiU2BIPEDQSX7Nc9cPpSOL-GPZoytponQS99W3T-BT" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="300" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgQCnNfefjUcCpbGZWHpRW1zC4SyoooSPl8LSS_48J3yFt5tVPFq5ykn2L4_y08Lt9bbcdhO_-V0n57vnbqU0lnVYjZo_oWCa-9xfWtKSTpeXlch2bDSle9BwiM7igd5xLvesT5ZG0IQGiGulBiU2BIPEDQSX7Nc9cPpSOL-GPZoytponQS99W3T-BT=w400-h240" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Tara and Yum Chenmo.</span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The cult of <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-yellow-tara.html">Tara</a>, which was first enshrined in Central Java's Kalasan temple in the eighth century, marked the beginning of Mahayana veneration of female Buddhist deities. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">There are similarities between some of Prajnaparamita's crucial roles and characteristics and those of Tara. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Since Buddhas are created from wisdom, Tara and Prajnaparamita are both referred to as the mothers of all Buddhas. Srivijaya in Sumatra was ruled by the Sailendra dynasty as well. One of Nalanda's primary monasteries was also built in India by Srivijaya Maharaja Balaputra of Sailendras during the reign of the third Pala monarch Devapala (815-854). </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">After that, Sumatra and Java-based manuscript editions of the Ashtasahasrika Prajnaparamita Sutra spread and sparked a goddess of transcendent wisdom cult.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">King Kertanegara of Singhasari gave royal support to tantric Buddhism in the 13th century, and as a result, various Prajnaparamita statues were created in the area, including the Prajnaparamita of Singhasari in East Java and the Prajnaparamita of Muaro Jambi Regency, Sumatra. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As they were both created during the same time period, East Java and Jambi Prajnaparamitas are stylistically similar. Unfortunately, the Jambi Prajnaparamita is headless and was found in poor condition.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The statue of Prajnaparamita from East Java is perhaps the most well-known representation of the goddess of enlightenment and is regarded as the pinnacle of Indonesian classical old Java Hindu-Buddhist art. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Amid Malang, East Java, next to the Singhasari temple, in the Cungkup Putri ruins, it was found. The lovely and calm statue is now on exhibit on the second floor of Gedung Arca at the National Museum of Indonesia in Jakarta.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/p/goddesses-of-south-asia.html"><span>For more refer to my l</span>ist Of Hindu, Buddhist, And Jain (South Asian) Goddesses From India, Nepal, And Tibet.</a></span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html"><b>~Kiran Atma</b></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div><span style="color: #ffa400; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Kiran-Atma/e/B08WLY9VRY/">Amazon</a> | <a href="https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/21197594.Kiran_Atma">Goodreads</a> | <a href="https://twitter.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Twitter</a> | <a href="https://www.facebook.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Facebook</a> | <a href="https://www.instagram.com/kiran.atma/">Instagram</a> | <a href="https://www.pinterest.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Pinterest</a></b></span></div><script>mbtTOC();</script>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5979151747663163869.post-88712447559190293332022-06-23T03:00:00.044-07:002022-10-24T14:28:59.259-07:00Goddess Zara, Zaria, Or Zorya<script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"FAQPage","mainEntity":[{"@type":"Question","name":"Who is Zorya, the goddess?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"In Slavic tradition, Zorya (which means \"Dawn\" and has various variations including Zarya, Zara, Zaranitsa, Zoryushka, etc.) represents dawn in a feminine form. Depending on the myth, she could manifest as a single being known as \"The Red Maiden\" or as two or three sisters simultaneously."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"In American Gods, who is Zorya's god?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"One of the Old Gods, Zorya Polunochnaya, is a figure from Slavic mythology. Zorya Vechernyaya, who symbolizes the Morning Star, and Zorya Utrennyaya, who represents the Midnight Star, are her sisters (Evening Star). They form the Zorya collectively."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Who are the American Gods' Zorya sisters?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"In American Gods, three sisters are introduced. Zorya Vechernyaya (Evening/Twilight) Dawn/Morning Zorya Utrennyaya Zorya Polunochnaya (Midnight)."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What is the origin of the name Zorya?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Origin and Meaning of Zorya: Zorya is a girl's name that means \"star.\" The morning and evening stars, respectively, are referred to by the names Zorya Utrennyaya and Zorya Vechernyaya of the two star goddesses in Slavic mythology. In Russia and other nations with Slavic-based languages, it is used as a name."}}]}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Article","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-zara-zaria-or-zoria.html"},"headline":"Goddess Zara Zaria Or Zorya","description":"In Slavic tradition Zorya which means "Dawn" and has various variations including Zarya","image":["https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghp56Z9otictTtdJ_86T_8xzOJlTKQMSYNGpl1roLS0u01YSPs3m8JJmV_i16bvIchY6awbGOmjPB5GrRp7iWTACvAHrTZqQx8Q7pZww7EutigxZEcc0JaGAtl4xrBqwrbw2EHKgeJvBj-aqH_BlGqk1E9Dacj_5VKijheMeH8EM6CKMfmPUZX2Jy8/w314-h400/Goddess%20-Zara-KiranAtma-1.jpg","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgKxf5Hdt7iUrZ0PTvH16VzXpAEJGoMw4Mp7PaOJjMaxjd0ThfFCjD6XKGgt3gTy_XapR4rKl5pPtg-kjifDzijrPPHeKSa-hCovIZuY9iNokp6BUtdZaLN1pKIbAYEIkZLrOPPfbA08oF_JoIJypZSVZzP-4uuZVc2utsavMdZUkVMlhV4fWVyoyBY=w322-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj1N-38uW-1c9cLsXP1Z0M4Bn1iDMl7qPkCes_4D8edJWI03HZaX_KCGB3f_frAW5qNMHQuV3AKALjqqyzqPVkb02iQvA1EnOMK-fbmoH4MJkXP7iNIKDHUkIyn6DdHCvnS5_1U0JGupxqHrhce6sKIECwfD4m4TiSfT_BHWxjvdc5MFCk34ezHbzAA=w278-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiefE_rwaZQ9Y_Nv-bR5iBR_hYD84UlMAXuhv05V3V6OeTJlbIjGBWGoQOMF-RmTvIpERmB8sQu-XrUUkREXgg1bvhIClaKX1b1E7CBmgXTLAtt8zWe4bysq_ZWA0Fv3Dw9xT8FuMqzVaSGV0ceiCzZwzQ7WHQgxYxt4vdAdujPQpRtNfKwslqnTNN6=w267-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg1zzxQqHuI7GDf9jMKNaGnxlUyJldAuQoQ6TihJLFenpAcfolGVgM54F7tmJqHRSUVT3Z8rGoaScAIn8enjVv1PxaUKYGFs5vp0JY-PKaWg7Kd6H0hsnD-u29dqTPL9CxsIjYLQYgAveu6hZAjfWPg4eXjNaSPSjG9KCltGDjKhIuWxvu3Mv4aTOmZ=w400-h364","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhrry2TvBJnGlfWBlT-U-eD4dwOWIYcQFcuCpiXadBflWXGjJeatxYGd3pSkVk6V4mjNtdaImOMsSKSzc0A8tc8SIjmRhLw3Zk2wHjRoQWBssvC5vd0sj25-9bMGY-UMkgkceyQ9OeMDBwUzFrVtIY41CjbsXK_3hW3pea3kwltVq_3wAUKNaSNk2na=w400-h398","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhl-6dbB75LzFsEsckd0j1FBZt9cJZ2VttEaCC0VxZ5kTo7_MW0nuuTsIcSK_KkYjPhkDYnJUeFBjYZ5He2ZE9XVztlToamkL-UetNwREEZQ_tKC3J6cf5BkPOMaSv03q8pzQppawTVlF-sezaPT8boiU4-NIePfGk92gr7i_TKiMVlF2LP8di1f5mz=w317-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjrlMka4gsYygNBm0jjBH9X3xq-VYL_tJOJplRme8A4ibP8kvDBsb07GCzGURgbabHlW8V_Akspk3CIQngMNLIgMD-TG3VA0Z281kUX7LZYPx78xiGF0WhE3p39oYg3WHMy1zkaBu-XiSB29AJy85ilDuoGXg9MYfSiVynHLMhFsqWna6b4M_cEBmLO=w400-h300","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhs7zaUhno7Oeyv3zfc7wq2LsDlbRtcD6tFntkD9Kg0gvnlzkYjUJAQ4kgbvbRQalJE6vly7yeLZnGzNwS3vAvI46Ry3JT8bKWTOjY1rF9wh0aRbvXNtPg9oit2YmjT6NgBRV4rFI8_0xDdt0r1RqhiSva1EaACCpHKckzaTFvR8eoDJ3-2828ZbkDh=w265-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEilunK2SIdbEp1YtMPremsNMYGUmHyw6NxX8QpD30PUkgEzlj2uEty2cjDn8leAt22dRrpAmfEjso307_P0DS1aCaUEMVVVn310jC_-Bij0QW9YNy2JlnJd7IX7FzE3Km-qeH6WoFhXo3vCZc3IU6BJEMnTN5e4f4KueEnBztu-Mn3b2LiKzSX-K6S8=w285-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj6znG6RTJ2cNqZAIMVI91jqIrSSFhdsZ1qXJz4Ed5GlUnSszZYbWHtud6s9a4tAZMTSnutSEiyqumYjoyAdwZO4ejayHojgZ9RazMQu_xo-QPgdAg29nwjU6GbeGQ3GTg9EU-mOQpm3FLxnUNdIz2U0tROk3C36HC6ipVClHe4qqcfUzT3PEE6Vgls=w280-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi9u2o1GjpWD3O1UGSIdEw81VGBay05E9_sOvAzxXClIBTFdf1mqQYvKiFNPPJi6Ym8wjIsrCnLIZ8zXduloS7RHaZ3s1m5AshQAHxflbHFoAER7mZqeTDdpHy79CZ8raAvYqzQrH76i1s27xdb6Vshb-jjmnNu9yZ8LZzgbd6uiK2zzwRBOdHIuuAr=w400-h168","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjGInz4xqwwnRrvvsF6j53rwp6hGxqTu1t2V3cFw1eB7TkzPSlVFSLPedha2c4SM9ROtBoSz3jUAFtQmH40k3cPPOSOsZBrjNGrmDpkzyMBQ0NdpdxcnPZxDMlymGQMBA7d-dcCmugE-CL28qpaPC20GhvVcUOrhtbtpx8XQz5zkYRLMxHgl-EawT6M=w295-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEikx_1D8fp8-d9vhfkMcnjod3Zezyn-jf2wTsSGZfH3yaC_VyT3agWsdykoXduHhRm926BLMmKm2IePhufd89ZuUFoIm_ZtfKDQdyfEfv51m6TCS2kX3IFUOOssKLYdiQGyCvFJv9qcNYdSn6PeshZlGfobq8MLHwdZstDIqZdUX-HvhX0xeWED6NOH=w400-h225"],"author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Kiran Atma","url":"https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":""}},"datePublished":"2022-06-23","dateModified":"2022-10-24"}</script><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghp56Z9otictTtdJ_86T_8xzOJlTKQMSYNGpl1roLS0u01YSPs3m8JJmV_i16bvIchY6awbGOmjPB5GrRp7iWTACvAHrTZqQx8Q7pZww7EutigxZEcc0JaGAtl4xrBqwrbw2EHKgeJvBj-aqH_BlGqk1E9Dacj_5VKijheMeH8EM6CKMfmPUZX2Jy8/s301/Goddess%20-Zara-KiranAtma-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="301" data-original-width="236" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghp56Z9otictTtdJ_86T_8xzOJlTKQMSYNGpl1roLS0u01YSPs3m8JJmV_i16bvIchY6awbGOmjPB5GrRp7iWTACvAHrTZqQx8Q7pZww7EutigxZEcc0JaGAtl4xrBqwrbw2EHKgeJvBj-aqH_BlGqk1E9Dacj_5VKijheMeH8EM6CKMfmPUZX2Jy8/w314-h400/Goddess%20-Zara-KiranAtma-1.jpg" width="314" /></span></a></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><span style="font-family: Baskervville;"><br /></span></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Slavic goddess of beauty, also known as Zaria, Zoria, and
Zorya. </span></h2>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Zaria rules the morning and the dawn. </span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She is the heavenly bride, the perfect mortal wife's symbol,
because she is pure, honorable, and beautiful. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The morning star is depicted as Zaria. <o:p></o:p></span></p><h3><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Slavic tradition, Zorya (which means "Dawn" and has various variations including Zarya, <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-zara-zaria-or-zoria.html">Zara</a>, Zaranitsa, Zoryushka, etc.) represents dawn in a feminine form. </span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Depending on the myth, she could manifest as a single being known as "The Red Maiden" or as two or three sisters simultaneously. Zorya has many traits with the Proto-Indo-European goddess of the morning *H2éwss, despite their etymological dissimilarity. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She is often shown as Zvezda, the <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=Morning+Star">Morning Star</a>, the Sun, the Moon, and Zvezda, the Moon's sister. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She resides in the Palace of the Sun, protects his white horses, opens the entrance for him every morning so he may go across the sky, and is also said to be a virgin. She stands in for the ultimate power invoked by a practitioner in the Eastern Slavic tradition of zagovory.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The all-Slavic term zora, which means "<b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=dawn">dawn</a></b>, <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=aurora">aurora</a></b>," and its forms (from Proto-Slavic *zoà), have a common linguistic ancestor with the all-Slavic word zrti, which means "to see, observe" but may have originally meant "shine." </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The term "<b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-zara-zaria-or-zoria.html">zara</a></b>" may have been influenced by the word "ar" (PS *ar), which means "hot." PS *zoà is derived from the unclearly etymological Proto-Balto-Slavic *ori (see Lithuanian 'arà, 'arijà).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">*H2éwss is the hypothesized Proto-<b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=Indo-European">Indo-European</a></b> name for the <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=dawn+goddess">dawn goddess</a></b>. Her name was reconstructed using a comparative method based on the names of Indo-European goddesses of the dawn, such as Greek <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/04/goddess-eostre-or-ostara.html">Eos</a></b>, Roman Aurora, or Vedic <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-ushas.html">Ushas</a></b>. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Likewise, the characteristics of the Proto-Indo-European goddess were reconstructed based on the characteristics of the goddesses of the dawn.</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgKxf5Hdt7iUrZ0PTvH16VzXpAEJGoMw4Mp7PaOJjMaxjd0ThfFCjD6XKGgt3gTy_XapR4rKl5pPtg-kjifDzijrPPHeKSa-hCovIZuY9iNokp6BUtdZaLN1pKIbAYEIkZLrOPPfbA08oF_JoIJypZSVZzP-4uuZVc2utsavMdZUkVMlhV4fWVyoyBY" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1868" data-original-width="1499" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgKxf5Hdt7iUrZ0PTvH16VzXpAEJGoMw4Mp7PaOJjMaxjd0ThfFCjD6XKGgt3gTy_XapR4rKl5pPtg-kjifDzijrPPHeKSa-hCovIZuY9iNokp6BUtdZaLN1pKIbAYEIkZLrOPPfbA08oF_JoIJypZSVZzP-4uuZVc2utsavMdZUkVMlhV4fWVyoyBY=w322-h400" width="322" /></a></span></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Even though the <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-zorya.html">Zorya</a> religion is only known through folklore, it has origins in Indo-European antiquity and the Zorya exhibits the majority of *H2éws' traits. Most goddesses of the dawn share the same traits with Zorya:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She makes an appearance with Saints George and Nicholas (interpreted as divine twins)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">hues red, gold, yellow, and rose</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She resides abroad on the Buyan Island.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">opens the Sun's entrance.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A golden boat and a silver oar belonged to her.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj1N-38uW-1c9cLsXP1Z0M4Bn1iDMl7qPkCes_4D8edJWI03HZaX_KCGB3f_frAW5qNMHQuV3AKALjqqyzqPVkb02iQvA1EnOMK-fbmoH4MJkXP7iNIKDHUkIyn6DdHCvnS5_1U0JGupxqHrhce6sKIECwfD4m4TiSfT_BHWxjvdc5MFCk34ezHbzAA" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1023" data-original-width="713" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj1N-38uW-1c9cLsXP1Z0M4Bn1iDMl7qPkCes_4D8edJWI03HZaX_KCGB3f_frAW5qNMHQuV3AKALjqqyzqPVkb02iQvA1EnOMK-fbmoH4MJkXP7iNIKDHUkIyn6DdHCvnS5_1U0JGupxqHrhce6sKIECwfD4m4TiSfT_BHWxjvdc5MFCk34ezHbzAA=w278-h400" width="278" /></span></a></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span></p><p></p><h3><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Zarubin compared <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=slavic">Slavic mythology</a> with the <a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/search?q=Indo-Aryan">Indo-Aryan</a> <a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/search?q=Rigveda+">Rigveda </a>and <a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/search?q=Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a>, which both include representations of the <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=Sun+">Sun </a>and its partners, the Dawns. </span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">These pictures have their roots in ancient ideas, ranging from the first fetishistic (the Sun as a ring or circle) to the later anthropomorphic. A miniature of two ladies may be found in the late 13th-century Chludov's Novgorod Psalter. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">One of them, a fiery red woman identified as "dawn zora," holds a red sun in her right hand in the shape of a ring while holding a torch in her left hand that ends in a box from which a bright green stripe extending into a dark green stripe emerges. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This stripe is marked "evening zora" in green on the right hand of another lady, who is holding up her left sleeve to reveal a bird. This may be understood as the Morning Zorya setting the Sun on its course for the day and the Evening Zorya waiting for the Sun to rise. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>In a cave temple from the second or third century AD in Nashik, India, a very similar design was discovered. </b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The bas-relief shows two ladies, one holding a torch to illuminate the Sun's circle and the other waiting for it to set. <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-ushas.html">Ushas </a>and Pratyusha, two morning deities, are seen in other bas-reliefs, and the Sun is often accompanied by dawns in hymns. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiefE_rwaZQ9Y_Nv-bR5iBR_hYD84UlMAXuhv05V3V6OeTJlbIjGBWGoQOMF-RmTvIpERmB8sQu-XrUUkREXgg1bvhIClaKX1b1E7CBmgXTLAtt8zWe4bysq_ZWA0Fv3Dw9xT8FuMqzVaSGV0ceiCzZwzQ7WHQgxYxt4vdAdujPQpRtNfKwslqnTNN6" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="1024" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiefE_rwaZQ9Y_Nv-bR5iBR_hYD84UlMAXuhv05V3V6OeTJlbIjGBWGoQOMF-RmTvIpERmB8sQu-XrUUkREXgg1bvhIClaKX1b1E7CBmgXTLAtt8zWe4bysq_ZWA0Fv3Dw9xT8FuMqzVaSGV0ceiCzZwzQ7WHQgxYxt4vdAdujPQpRtNfKwslqnTNN6=w267-h400" width="267" /></a></span></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span></p><p></p><h3><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In the <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=Norse+">Norse </a><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/05/goddess-frigga.html">Edda </a>or the Indo-Aryan <a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/search?q=Rigveda">Rigveda</a>, as well as in folklore, the Sun is depicted as a wheel. During the Germanic and Slavic peoples' yearly festivities, they burned a wheel that, according to medieval writers, represented the sun.</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Images like the Psalter and Nashik's may be seen across Slavic regions, including: On a carved and painted gate of a Slovak peasant estate (village of Oová), the Morning Zora is depicted on one of the pillars with a golden head, a glow above her, and even higher is the Sun, which rolls along an arched road. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Evening Zora is depicted on the other pillar with a setting sun above it. On this relief, there are also darker suns that may represent dead suns from Slavic legend. The Russian proverb "The sun will not rise without the Morning Zoryushka" also supports these themes. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A similar design may also be seen on the back of a 19th-century sled, where two Zoryas are shown standing in the doorway and the Sun is depicted as a circle, and on a peasant rushnyk from the Tver area, where two Zoryas are depicted riding up to the Sun, one in red and the other in green.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg1zzxQqHuI7GDf9jMKNaGnxlUyJldAuQoQ6TihJLFenpAcfolGVgM54F7tmJqHRSUVT3Z8rGoaScAIn8enjVv1PxaUKYGFs5vp0JY-PKaWg7Kd6H0hsnD-u29dqTPL9CxsIjYLQYgAveu6hZAjfWPg4eXjNaSPSjG9KCltGDjKhIuWxvu3Mv4aTOmZ" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="250" data-original-width="275" height="364" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg1zzxQqHuI7GDf9jMKNaGnxlUyJldAuQoQ6TihJLFenpAcfolGVgM54F7tmJqHRSUVT3Z8rGoaScAIn8enjVv1PxaUKYGFs5vp0JY-PKaWg7Kd6H0hsnD-u29dqTPL9CxsIjYLQYgAveu6hZAjfWPg4eXjNaSPSjG9KCltGDjKhIuWxvu3Mv4aTOmZ=w400-h364" width="400" /></a></span></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span></p><p></p><h2><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Zorya In Norse mythology</span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The luminary goddesses Vakarine and <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2021/07/goddess-ausrine.html">Ausrine</a> are said to have a similar dual function in Lithuanian folklore: Vakarine, the Evening Star, made the bed for the sun goddess Saul, while Aurin, the Morning Star, kindled the fire for her as she prepared for another day's voyage. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to various legends, Ausrine and Vakarine are the daughters of the male Moon (Meness) and female Sun (Saule), who take care of their mother's castle and her horses.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhrry2TvBJnGlfWBlT-U-eD4dwOWIYcQFcuCpiXadBflWXGjJeatxYGd3pSkVk6V4mjNtdaImOMsSKSzc0A8tc8SIjmRhLw3Zk2wHjRoQWBssvC5vd0sj25-9bMGY-UMkgkceyQ9OeMDBwUzFrVtIY41CjbsXK_3hW3pea3kwltVq_3wAUKNaSNk2na" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><img alt="" data-original-height="224" data-original-width="225" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhrry2TvBJnGlfWBlT-U-eD4dwOWIYcQFcuCpiXadBflWXGjJeatxYGd3pSkVk6V4mjNtdaImOMsSKSzc0A8tc8SIjmRhLw3Zk2wHjRoQWBssvC5vd0sj25-9bMGY-UMkgkceyQ9OeMDBwUzFrVtIY41CjbsXK_3hW3pea3kwltVq_3wAUKNaSNk2na=w400-h398" width="400" /></span></a></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span></p><p></p><h2><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Zorya In Russian Mythology. </span></h2><h3><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Russian mythology, they often take the form of two virgin sisters, Zorya Vechernyaya (Evening <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2021/07/goddess-aurora.html">Aurora</a>, from véer "evening") as the goddess of twilight, and Zorya Utrennyaya (Am Zorya, from tro "morning"). </span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Each was to occupy a separate side of the Sun's throne made of gold. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">When the Sun rose in the morning, the Morning Zorya opened the entrance of the celestial palace, and the Evening Zorya shut the gate when the Sun went to sleep. Buyan Island intended to serve as the home of Zorya's administration.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhl-6dbB75LzFsEsckd0j1FBZt9cJZ2VttEaCC0VxZ5kTo7_MW0nuuTsIcSK_KkYjPhkDYnJUeFBjYZ5He2ZE9XVztlToamkL-UetNwREEZQ_tKC3J6cf5BkPOMaSv03q8pzQppawTVlF-sezaPT8boiU4-NIePfGk92gr7i_TKiMVlF2LP8di1f5mz" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1011" data-original-width="800" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhl-6dbB75LzFsEsckd0j1FBZt9cJZ2VttEaCC0VxZ5kTo7_MW0nuuTsIcSK_KkYjPhkDYnJUeFBjYZ5He2ZE9XVztlToamkL-UetNwREEZQ_tKC3J6cf5BkPOMaSv03q8pzQppawTVlF-sezaPT8boiU4-NIePfGk92gr7i_TKiMVlF2LP8di1f5mz=w317-h400" width="317" /></span></a></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span></p><p></p><h3><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A later tale describes three Zoryas and their unique mission:</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Three small sisters, or little Zorya, may be found in the sky: the morning, the evening, and the midnight. Their responsibility is to watch after a dog that is attached to the Little Bear constellation by an iron chain. The end of the world will occur when the chain snaps.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As shown by her frequent presence in wedding chants, Zorya also supported weddings and facilitated unions amongst the gods. She is specifically given credit for doing the following task in one of the Malo-Russian ballads when the Moon encounters Aurora while roving in the sky:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Ah, dawn, dawn! Where have you been, exactly?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Where have you been, exactly? Where do you plan to reside?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Where do I plan to call home? Why there at Pan Ivan's?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Located at Pan Ivan's Court</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Both at his court and residence</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">And he enjoys two things in his home:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Getting his kid married is his first delight;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">And the second pleasure was to marry his daughter.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>In several iterations of the same zagovory storylines, Maria (Mother of God) and Zara-Zaranitsa (also known as "Dawn the Red Maiden") both make appearances as the ultimate power that a practitioner invokes.</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In addition, she was prayed to as Zarya for fruitful crops and wellbeing:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Hey, you morning and evening Zaryas! fall onto my rye so that it might become as strong as an oak and as tall as a forest!</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Mother Zarya of dawn, evening, and midnight [presumably twilight here]! As you softly fade away and vanish, may my illnesses and sorrows—those of the morning, evening, and midnight—quietly go from me, the servant of God!</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to Professor Bronislava Kerbelyt, the Zoryas were also summoned in Russian tradition to aid in birthing (under the name "орки арноки") and to cure the infant (by calling upon "ар-дeвиа," or "утренн ар араскаве" and "веерн ар оломоне").</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjrlMka4gsYygNBm0jjBH9X3xq-VYL_tJOJplRme8A4ibP8kvDBsb07GCzGURgbabHlW8V_Akspk3CIQngMNLIgMD-TG3VA0Z281kUX7LZYPx78xiGF0WhE3p39oYg3WHMy1zkaBu-XiSB29AJy85ilDuoGXg9MYfSiVynHLMhFsqWna6b4M_cEBmLO" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjrlMka4gsYygNBm0jjBH9X3xq-VYL_tJOJplRme8A4ibP8kvDBsb07GCzGURgbabHlW8V_Akspk3CIQngMNLIgMD-TG3VA0Z281kUX7LZYPx78xiGF0WhE3p39oYg3WHMy1zkaBu-XiSB29AJy85ilDuoGXg9MYfSiVynHLMhFsqWna6b4M_cEBmLO=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></span></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Additionally, Zarya was summoned as a protectoress and to banish dreams and insomnia:</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Заря, зарница, васъ три сестрицы, утренняя, полуденная, вечерняя, полуночная, сыми съ раба Божія (имя) тоску, печаль, крикъ, безсонницу, подай ему сонъ со всѣхъ сторонъ, со всѣхъ святыхъ, со всѣхъ небесныхъ.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h3><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Another spell calls for Zarya-Zarnitsa, a "morning Irina," and a "midday Daria" to vanquish a child's sorrow and carry it "beyond the blue ocean."</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In his book The Ancient Faith of the Serbs and the Croats, Croatian historian Natko Nodilo stated that Zora was known as a "shining maiden" ("svijetla" I "vidna" djevojka) by ancient Slavs, and that Russian riddles depicted her as a woman who resided in the sky ("Zoru nebesnom djevojkom").</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhs7zaUhno7Oeyv3zfc7wq2LsDlbRtcD6tFntkD9Kg0gvnlzkYjUJAQ4kgbvbRQalJE6vly7yeLZnGzNwS3vAvI46Ry3JT8bKWTOjY1rF9wh0aRbvXNtPg9oit2YmjT6NgBRV4rFI8_0xDdt0r1RqhiSva1EaACCpHKckzaTFvR8eoDJ3-2828ZbkDh" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><img alt="" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="465" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhs7zaUhno7Oeyv3zfc7wq2LsDlbRtcD6tFntkD9Kg0gvnlzkYjUJAQ4kgbvbRQalJE6vly7yeLZnGzNwS3vAvI46Ry3JT8bKWTOjY1rF9wh0aRbvXNtPg9oit2YmjT6NgBRV4rFI8_0xDdt0r1RqhiSva1EaACCpHKckzaTFvR8eoDJ3-2828ZbkDh=w265-h400" width="265" /></span></a></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Regarding the Dawn's parents, she is referred to as the "Sister of the Sun" and "sweet little Dawn" in a Russian hymn.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She is referred to as Zaranitsa (арана) or Zara-zaranitsa (ара-арана) in Belarusian folklore. In one of the sections, St. George and St. Nicholas, who in Indo-European myths are often brothers of the dawn goddess and, according to comparative mythology, serve as divine twins, meet Zaranica: "Saint George was traveling with Saint Nicholas and encountered Aurora."</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEilunK2SIdbEp1YtMPremsNMYGUmHyw6NxX8QpD30PUkgEzlj2uEty2cjDn8leAt22dRrpAmfEjso307_P0DS1aCaUEMVVVn310jC_-Bij0QW9YNy2JlnJd7IX7FzE3Km-qeH6WoFhXo3vCZc3IU6BJEMnTN5e4f4KueEnBztu-Mn3b2LiKzSX-K6S8" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="512" data-original-width="365" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEilunK2SIdbEp1YtMPremsNMYGUmHyw6NxX8QpD30PUkgEzlj2uEty2cjDn8leAt22dRrpAmfEjso307_P0DS1aCaUEMVVVn310jC_-Bij0QW9YNy2JlnJd7IX7FzE3Km-qeH6WoFhXo3vCZc3IU6BJEMnTN5e4f4KueEnBztu-Mn3b2LiKzSX-K6S8=w285-h400" width="285" /></a></span></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span></p><p></p><h3><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She also takes the shape of a riddle in folklore:</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Zara-zaranitsa, a stunning virgin, lost her keys as she was walking through the air. The moon saw them but made no comment. When the sun saw them, it raised them.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This has to do with the dew, which the moon ignores and which vanishes when the sun is present. Zaranica is a diminutive name that may be used to show reverence for Zara, who is most likely just the morning goddess and may be rendered as "Dawn."</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The stars are sometimes referred to as zorki and zory in Belarusian culture. For example, Polaris is called Zorny Kol ('star pole') and polunochna zora ('star of midnight').</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The three sister Zoras (Trzy Zorze) of Polish folklore are the Morning Zorza (Polish: Zorza porankowa or Utrenica), Midday Zora (Zorza poudniowa or Poudnica), and Evening Zora (Zorza wieczorowa or Wieczornica). These three Zoras occur in Polish folk charms and, according to Andrzej Szyjew Additionally, they serve as Rozhanitsy.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h3><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Zarzyce, three sisters, and zarze.</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj6znG6RTJ2cNqZAIMVI91jqIrSSFhdsZ1qXJz4Ed5GlUnSszZYbWHtud6s9a4tAZMTSnutSEiyqumYjoyAdwZO4ejayHojgZ9RazMQu_xo-QPgdAg29nwjU6GbeGQ3GTg9EU-mOQpm3FLxnUNdIz2U0tROk3C36HC6ipVClHe4qqcfUzT3PEE6Vgls" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="231" data-original-width="162" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj6znG6RTJ2cNqZAIMVI91jqIrSSFhdsZ1qXJz4Ed5GlUnSszZYbWHtud6s9a4tAZMTSnutSEiyqumYjoyAdwZO4ejayHojgZ9RazMQu_xo-QPgdAg29nwjU6GbeGQ3GTg9EU-mOQpm3FLxnUNdIz2U0tROk3C36HC6ipVClHe4qqcfUzT3PEE6Vgls=w280-h400" width="280" /></a></span></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Mother of God gathered golden foam while sailing on the sea;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">When St. John saw her, he asked her, "Mother, where are you going?"</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">My little boy will be healed by me.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The zorzyczki, the zorzyczki</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">You three are here.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">her in the morning</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">she of noon,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">she of the night.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Take away my child's cries,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">give him his sleep back.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Zorzeczeki, zorzecze!</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">All of you are my sisters!</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Mount your crow horse.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">also ride for my friend (lover).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">He can't go without me, therefore</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">neither eats nor sleeps,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">neither chat nor sit down.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In order for me to stand, work, and willingly satisfy him.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">so that I may be grateful and amiable to both God and others,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">together with my partner.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2><span style="font-family: Baskervville;"><span style="color: red; font-size: medium;">The Zorya In Polish Mythology. </span></span></h2><h3><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Another popular Polish proverb goes like this: "Arze, zarzyczki, jest was trzy, zabierzcie od my daughter pakanie, przywrócie mu spanie."</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In a Polish magical love charm, the girl begs the dawn (or morning-star) to visit her lover and compel him to adore her alone:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Let's go now</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Good morning, morning star.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi9u2o1GjpWD3O1UGSIdEw81VGBay05E9_sOvAzxXClIBTFdf1mqQYvKiFNPPJi6Ym8wjIsrCnLIZ8zXduloS7RHaZ3s1m5AshQAHxflbHFoAER7mZqeTDdpHy79CZ8raAvYqzQrH76i1s27xdb6Vshb-jjmnNu9yZ8LZzgbd6uiK2zzwRBOdHIuuAr" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><img alt="" data-original-height="130" data-original-width="311" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi9u2o1GjpWD3O1UGSIdEw81VGBay05E9_sOvAzxXClIBTFdf1mqQYvKiFNPPJi6Ym8wjIsrCnLIZ8zXduloS7RHaZ3s1m5AshQAHxflbHFoAER7mZqeTDdpHy79CZ8raAvYqzQrH76i1s27xdb6Vshb-jjmnNu9yZ8LZzgbd6uiK2zzwRBOdHIuuAr=w400-h168" width="400" /></span></a></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span></p><p></p><h2><span style="font-family: Baskervville;"><span style="color: red; font-size: medium;">The Zorya In Ukrainian Mythology. </span></span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Additionally, there are terms in the Ukrainian language that are derived from "Zorya," such "zrka" (dialectal "zira" and "ziry") and "zirnitsa" (or "zirnytsi," a lyrical phrase that means "tiny star," "aurora," and "dawn."</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">There are many stars (рок) in the sky, but only two Zori: the morning one (свтова) and the evening one (верн), according to a proverb gathered in "арквин" (Kharkiv Oblast).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The mourner declares in an orphan's lament that he will steal the "keys of the dawn" ("о в ор кл вла").</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The girl calls upon the "three star-sisters" (also known as the "dawn-sisters") in a magical love charm:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">You have three options: one nudna, one pryvitna, and one pechal'na.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">You three sisters in the sky, the boring one, the inviting one, and the somber one, you dawn-stars.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2><span style="font-family: Baskervville;"><span style="color: red; font-size: medium;">The Zorya In Slovenian Mythology. </span></span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In the Slovene folk ballad "Zorja prstan pogubila," the singer requests that her mother ("majko"), brother ("bratca"), sister ("sestro"), and beloved ("dragog") search for her missing ring.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to professor Monika Kropej, the sun rises in the morning accompanied by the morning dawn known as Sonica (from the Slovene word for sun) and sets in the evening followed by the evening dawn known as Zarika (from the Slovene word for dawn, zarja). </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Additionally, a Slovenian narrative folk song about their rivalry features these female characters. In addition, F. S. Copeland described another lyric with the name Ballad of Beautiful Zora and understood both characters as the legendary Sun and Dawn. </b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In his book on Slovene myths and folktales, Slovene folklorist Jakob Kelemina (sl) claimed that a Zora emerges as the Snake Queen's daughter (perhaps a manifestation of the night) in the so-called Kresnik Cycle.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Professor Daiva Vaitkevien claims that the Virgin Mary undoubtedly took the role of the goddess Zaria in East Slavic charms. In Russian charms, the Virgin Mary is often referred to as "Zaria."</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The announcer mentions "Maria-the-Dawn" and "Maremiyaniya-the-Dawn" in a charm that was compiled in Arkhangelsky and published in 1878 by historian Alexandra Efimenko (ru).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Another charm uses the "Evening Star Mariya" and "Morning Star Maremiyana" to banish insomnia.</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Additionally, charms for health are said to summon Goddess Zaria (or, alternatively, a group of three goddesses called Zori). This "is a very common theme of the Slavic charms," claims professor Daiva Vaitkevien.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As the name of a song performed by Colinda tori and the Romanian word for dawn, "zori," the term "Zorya" has become a loanword (zorile).</span></p><h3><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Other names for The Morning Star include Dennica, Zornica, and Zarnica.</span></h3><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjGInz4xqwwnRrvvsF6j53rwp6hGxqTu1t2V3cFw1eB7TkzPSlVFSLPedha2c4SM9ROtBoSz3jUAFtQmH40k3cPPOSOsZBrjNGrmDpkzyMBQ0NdpdxcnPZxDMlymGQMBA7d-dcCmugE-CL28qpaPC20GhvVcUOrhtbtpx8XQz5zkYRLMxHgl-EawT6M" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="369" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjGInz4xqwwnRrvvsF6j53rwp6hGxqTu1t2V3cFw1eB7TkzPSlVFSLPedha2c4SM9ROtBoSz3jUAFtQmH40k3cPPOSOsZBrjNGrmDpkzyMBQ0NdpdxcnPZxDMlymGQMBA7d-dcCmugE-CL28qpaPC20GhvVcUOrhtbtpx8XQz5zkYRLMxHgl-EawT6M=w295-h400" width="295" /></a></div><br /><br /></span></div><h2><span style="font-family: Baskervville;"><span style="color: red; font-size: medium;">The Zorya In Croatian Mythology. </span></span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Venus is referred to as Zornjaa in Serbo-Croatian languages when it rises in the morning and Veernjaa when it sets.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Dawn/Morning Star is portrayed as the bride of a masculine Moon in a folk song.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In several Croatian folk songs, which Rikardo Ferdinand Plohl-Herdvigov gathered and published in 1876, a "zorja" is used with the word "Marja" in the phrase "Zorja Marja prsten toi," and it is referred to as "Zorja, zorija" in the phrase "Marija sinku nainila koulju."</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEikx_1D8fp8-d9vhfkMcnjod3Zezyn-jf2wTsSGZfH3yaC_VyT3agWsdykoXduHhRm926BLMmKm2IePhufd89ZuUFoIm_ZtfKDQdyfEfv51m6TCS2kX3IFUOOssKLYdiQGyCvFJv9qcNYdSn6PeshZlGfobq8MLHwdZstDIqZdUX-HvhX0xeWED6NOH" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEikx_1D8fp8-d9vhfkMcnjod3Zezyn-jf2wTsSGZfH3yaC_VyT3agWsdykoXduHhRm926BLMmKm2IePhufd89ZuUFoIm_ZtfKDQdyfEfv51m6TCS2kX3IFUOOssKLYdiQGyCvFJv9qcNYdSn6PeshZlGfobq8MLHwdZstDIqZdUX-HvhX0xeWED6NOH=w400-h225" width="400" /></a></span></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span></p><p></p><h2><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Frequently Asked Questions:</span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Who is Zorya, the goddess?</span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Slavic tradition, Zorya (which means "Dawn" and has various variations including Zarya, Zara, Zaranitsa, Zoryushka, etc.) represents dawn in a feminine form. Depending on the myth, she could manifest as a single being known as "The Red Maiden" or as two or three sisters simultaneously.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In American Gods, who is Zorya's god?</span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">One of the Old Gods, Zorya Polunochnaya, is a figure from Slavic mythology. Zorya Vechernyaya, who symbolizes the Morning Star, and Zorya Utrennyaya, who represents the Midnight Star, are her sisters (Evening Star). They form the Zorya collectively.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Who are the American Gods' Zorya sisters?</span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In American Gods, three sisters are introduced. Zorya Vechernyaya (Evening/Twilight) Dawn/Morning Zorya Utrennyaya Zorya Polunochnaya (Midnight).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">What is the origin of the name Zorya?</span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Origin and Meaning of Zorya: Zorya is a girl's name that means "star." The morning and evening stars, respectively, are referred to by the names Zorya Utrennyaya and Zorya Vechernyaya of the two star goddesses in Slavic mythology. In Russia and other nations with Slavic-based languages, it is used as a name.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html"><b>~Kiran Atma</b></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div><span style="color: #ffa400; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Kiran-Atma/e/B08WLY9VRY/">Amazon</a> | <a href="https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/21197594.Kiran_Atma">Goodreads</a> | <a href="https://twitter.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Twitter</a> | <a href="https://www.facebook.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Facebook</a> | <a href="https://www.instagram.com/kiran.atma/">Instagram</a> | <a href="https://www.pinterest.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Pinterest</a></b></span></div><div><span style="color: #ffa400; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5979151747663163869.post-15348225337375198022022-06-23T03:00:00.043-07:002022-10-24T14:28:57.342-07:00Goddess Zorya - A Triad Of Slavic Goddesses<script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"FAQPage","mainEntity":[{"@type":"Question","name":"Who is Zorya, the goddess?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"In Slavic tradition, Zorya (which means \"Dawn\" and has various variations including Zarya, Zara, Zaranitsa, Zoryushka, etc.) represents dawn in a feminine form. Depending on the myth, she could manifest as a single being known as \"The Red Maiden\" or as two or three sisters simultaneously."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"In American Gods, who is Zorya's god?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"One of the Old Gods, Zorya Polunochnaya, is a figure from Slavic mythology. Zorya Vechernyaya, who symbolizes the Morning Star, and Zorya Utrennyaya, who represents the Midnight Star, are her sisters (Evening Star). They form the Zorya collectively."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Who are the American Gods' Zorya sisters?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"In American Gods, three sisters are introduced. Zorya Vechernyaya (Evening/Twilight) Dawn/Morning Zorya Utrennyaya Zorya Polunochnaya (Midnight)."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What is the origin of the name Zorya?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Origin and Meaning of Zorya: Zorya is a girl's name that means \"star.\" The morning and evening stars, respectively, are referred to by the names Zorya Utrennyaya and Zorya Vechernyaya of the two star goddesses in Slavic mythology. In Russia and other nations with Slavic-based languages, it is used as a name."}}]}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Article","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-zorya.html"},"headline":"Goddess Zorya - A Triad Of Slavic Goddesses","description":"The Zorya are a triad of goddesses who rule over time and guard the world against evil and Armageddon. They stand for the sunrise, noon, and sunset, as well as the past, present, and future. Zorya Utrennyaya, Zorya Vechernyaya, and Zorya Polunochnaya are their names.","image":["https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSnhLG3b2f7ngHLD7OT34NI8djrntpQ3gAL_CsUFkEupLQeqgCrFItIx0H6SvAsqwLE4pqcUeQGT_RPzLBAbi6kIpSrufr1t7g0Jp-8Y1S5d8b9Rqw-bm1ndslSH-jAKbNeqURUDQLtWRM4WdXz-XcbbqCwlaAXI8AtBsNAYEo-giNcELBDgxL2c9L/w288-h640/Goddess%20-Zorya-KiranAtma-1.jpg","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj8KuoNBEPasY_GET6Z7F6crtoK3xElkPKEsQ1D-3FdTly05xc1AqQ_OgQX_d7zoTWfoz81ofd42jxGyIvY7sdYaU7ZWBUKwMo8FYfBLpN6IEl8R4ayYdHiee3FWtOl4d6u-pgpuDIVp6w9YX7pwCH3DPhnvWOlxC4vHBUXffYVjwHThJgGqvID6BGi=w282-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgKxf5Hdt7iUrZ0PTvH16VzXpAEJGoMw4Mp7PaOJjMaxjd0ThfFCjD6XKGgt3gTy_XapR4rKl5pPtg-kjifDzijrPPHeKSa-hCovIZuY9iNokp6BUtdZaLN1pKIbAYEIkZLrOPPfbA08oF_JoIJypZSVZzP-4uuZVc2utsavMdZUkVMlhV4fWVyoyBY=w322-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj1N-38uW-1c9cLsXP1Z0M4Bn1iDMl7qPkCes_4D8edJWI03HZaX_KCGB3f_frAW5qNMHQuV3AKALjqqyzqPVkb02iQvA1EnOMK-fbmoH4MJkXP7iNIKDHUkIyn6DdHCvnS5_1U0JGupxqHrhce6sKIECwfD4m4TiSfT_BHWxjvdc5MFCk34ezHbzAA=w278-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiefE_rwaZQ9Y_Nv-bR5iBR_hYD84UlMAXuhv05V3V6OeTJlbIjGBWGoQOMF-RmTvIpERmB8sQu-XrUUkREXgg1bvhIClaKX1b1E7CBmgXTLAtt8zWe4bysq_ZWA0Fv3Dw9xT8FuMqzVaSGV0ceiCzZwzQ7WHQgxYxt4vdAdujPQpRtNfKwslqnTNN6=w267-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg1zzxQqHuI7GDf9jMKNaGnxlUyJldAuQoQ6TihJLFenpAcfolGVgM54F7tmJqHRSUVT3Z8rGoaScAIn8enjVv1PxaUKYGFs5vp0JY-PKaWg7Kd6H0hsnD-u29dqTPL9CxsIjYLQYgAveu6hZAjfWPg4eXjNaSPSjG9KCltGDjKhIuWxvu3Mv4aTOmZ=w400-h364","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhrry2TvBJnGlfWBlT-U-eD4dwOWIYcQFcuCpiXadBflWXGjJeatxYGd3pSkVk6V4mjNtdaImOMsSKSzc0A8tc8SIjmRhLw3Zk2wHjRoQWBssvC5vd0sj25-9bMGY-UMkgkceyQ9OeMDBwUzFrVtIY41CjbsXK_3hW3pea3kwltVq_3wAUKNaSNk2na=w400-h398","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhl-6dbB75LzFsEsckd0j1FBZt9cJZ2VttEaCC0VxZ5kTo7_MW0nuuTsIcSK_KkYjPhkDYnJUeFBjYZ5He2ZE9XVztlToamkL-UetNwREEZQ_tKC3J6cf5BkPOMaSv03q8pzQppawTVlF-sezaPT8boiU4-NIePfGk92gr7i_TKiMVlF2LP8di1f5mz=w317-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjrlMka4gsYygNBm0jjBH9X3xq-VYL_tJOJplRme8A4ibP8kvDBsb07GCzGURgbabHlW8V_Akspk3CIQngMNLIgMD-TG3VA0Z281kUX7LZYPx78xiGF0WhE3p39oYg3WHMy1zkaBu-XiSB29AJy85ilDuoGXg9MYfSiVynHLMhFsqWna6b4M_cEBmLO=w400-h300","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhs7zaUhno7Oeyv3zfc7wq2LsDlbRtcD6tFntkD9Kg0gvnlzkYjUJAQ4kgbvbRQalJE6vly7yeLZnGzNwS3vAvI46Ry3JT8bKWTOjY1rF9wh0aRbvXNtPg9oit2YmjT6NgBRV4rFI8_0xDdt0r1RqhiSva1EaACCpHKckzaTFvR8eoDJ3-2828ZbkDh=w265-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEilunK2SIdbEp1YtMPremsNMYGUmHyw6NxX8QpD30PUkgEzlj2uEty2cjDn8leAt22dRrpAmfEjso307_P0DS1aCaUEMVVVn310jC_-Bij0QW9YNy2JlnJd7IX7FzE3Km-qeH6WoFhXo3vCZc3IU6BJEMnTN5e4f4KueEnBztu-Mn3b2LiKzSX-K6S8=w285-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj6znG6RTJ2cNqZAIMVI91jqIrSSFhdsZ1qXJz4Ed5GlUnSszZYbWHtud6s9a4tAZMTSnutSEiyqumYjoyAdwZO4ejayHojgZ9RazMQu_xo-QPgdAg29nwjU6GbeGQ3GTg9EU-mOQpm3FLxnUNdIz2U0tROk3C36HC6ipVClHe4qqcfUzT3PEE6Vgls=w280-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi9u2o1GjpWD3O1UGSIdEw81VGBay05E9_sOvAzxXClIBTFdf1mqQYvKiFNPPJi6Ym8wjIsrCnLIZ8zXduloS7RHaZ3s1m5AshQAHxflbHFoAER7mZqeTDdpHy79CZ8raAvYqzQrH76i1s27xdb6Vshb-jjmnNu9yZ8LZzgbd6uiK2zzwRBOdHIuuAr=w400-h168","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjGInz4xqwwnRrvvsF6j53rwp6hGxqTu1t2V3cFw1eB7TkzPSlVFSLPedha2c4SM9ROtBoSz3jUAFtQmH40k3cPPOSOsZBrjNGrmDpkzyMBQ0NdpdxcnPZxDMlymGQMBA7d-dcCmugE-CL28qpaPC20GhvVcUOrhtbtpx8XQz5zkYRLMxHgl-EawT6M=w295-h400","https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEikx_1D8fp8-d9vhfkMcnjod3Zezyn-jf2wTsSGZfH3yaC_VyT3agWsdykoXduHhRm926BLMmKm2IePhufd89ZuUFoIm_ZtfKDQdyfEfv51m6TCS2kX3IFUOOssKLYdiQGyCvFJv9qcNYdSn6PeshZlGfobq8MLHwdZstDIqZdUX-HvhX0xeWED6NOH=w400-h225"],"author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Kiran Atma"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":""}},"datePublished":"2022-06-23","dateModified":"2022-10-24"}</script><div class="mbtTOC"> <span style="font-size: medium;"><button onclick="mbtToggle()">Table Of Contents</button> </span><ul id="mbtTOC"></ul> </div><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSnhLG3b2f7ngHLD7OT34NI8djrntpQ3gAL_CsUFkEupLQeqgCrFItIx0H6SvAsqwLE4pqcUeQGT_RPzLBAbi6kIpSrufr1t7g0Jp-8Y1S5d8b9Rqw-bm1ndslSH-jAKbNeqURUDQLtWRM4WdXz-XcbbqCwlaAXI8AtBsNAYEo-giNcELBDgxL2c9L/s880/Goddess%20-Zorya-KiranAtma-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="880" data-original-width="397" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSnhLG3b2f7ngHLD7OT34NI8djrntpQ3gAL_CsUFkEupLQeqgCrFItIx0H6SvAsqwLE4pqcUeQGT_RPzLBAbi6kIpSrufr1t7g0Jp-8Y1S5d8b9Rqw-bm1ndslSH-jAKbNeqURUDQLtWRM4WdXz-XcbbqCwlaAXI8AtBsNAYEo-giNcELBDgxL2c9L/w288-h640/Goddess%20-Zorya-KiranAtma-1.jpg" width="288" /></span></a></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><span style="font-family: Baskervville;"><br /></span></span><p></p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br />
</span><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Zorya:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Slavic time goddesses </span></h2><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-zorya.html">Zorya</a> are a triad of goddesses who rule over time and guard the world
against evil and Armageddon. </span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">They stand for the sunrise, noon, and sunset, as well as the
past, present, and future. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Zorya Utrennyaya, Zorya Vechernyaya, and Zorya Polunochnaya
are their names. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj8KuoNBEPasY_GET6Z7F6crtoK3xElkPKEsQ1D-3FdTly05xc1AqQ_OgQX_d7zoTWfoz81ofd42jxGyIvY7sdYaU7ZWBUKwMo8FYfBLpN6IEl8R4ayYdHiee3FWtOl4d6u-pgpuDIVp6w9YX7pwCH3DPhnvWOlxC4vHBUXffYVjwHThJgGqvID6BGi" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="711" data-original-width="500" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj8KuoNBEPasY_GET6Z7F6crtoK3xElkPKEsQ1D-3FdTly05xc1AqQ_OgQX_d7zoTWfoz81ofd42jxGyIvY7sdYaU7ZWBUKwMo8FYfBLpN6IEl8R4ayYdHiee3FWtOl4d6u-pgpuDIVp6w9YX7pwCH3DPhnvWOlxC4vHBUXffYVjwHThJgGqvID6BGi=w282-h400" width="282" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>In Slavic tradition, Zorya (which means "Dawn" and has various variations including Zarya, <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-zara-zaria-or-zoria.html">Zara</a>, Zaranitsa, Zoryushka, etc.) represents dawn in a feminine form. </b></span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Depending on the myth, she could manifest as a single being known as "The Red Maiden" or as two or three sisters simultaneously. Zorya has many traits with the Proto-Indo-European goddess of the morning *H2éwss, despite their etymological dissimilarity. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She is often shown as Zvezda, the <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=Morning+Star">Morning Star</a>, the Sun, the Moon, and Zvezda, the Moon's sister. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She resides in the Palace of the Sun, protects his white horses, opens the entrance for him every morning so he may go across the sky, and is also said to be a virgin. She stands in for the ultimate power invoked by a practitioner in the Eastern Slavic tradition of zagovory.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The all-Slavic term zora, which means "<b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=dawn">dawn</a></b>, <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=aurora">aurora</a></b>," and its forms (from Proto-Slavic *zoà), have a common linguistic ancestor with the all-Slavic word zrti, which means "to see, observe" but may have originally meant "shine." </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The term "<b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-zara-zaria-or-zoria.html">zara</a></b>" may have been influenced by the word "ar" (PS *ar), which means "hot." PS *zoà is derived from the unclearly etymological Proto-Balto-Slavic *ori (see Lithuanian 'arà, 'arijà).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">*H2éwss is the hypothesized Proto-<b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=Indo-European">Indo-European</a></b> name for the <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=dawn+goddess">dawn goddess</a></b>. Her name was reconstructed using a comparative method based on the names of Indo-European goddesses of the dawn, such as Greek <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/04/goddess-eostre-or-ostara.html">Eos</a></b>, Roman <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2021/07/goddess-aurora.html">Aurora</a>, or Vedic <b><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-ushas.html">Ushas</a></b>. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Likewise, the characteristics of the Proto-Indo-European goddess were reconstructed based on the characteristics of the goddesses of the dawn.</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgKxf5Hdt7iUrZ0PTvH16VzXpAEJGoMw4Mp7PaOJjMaxjd0ThfFCjD6XKGgt3gTy_XapR4rKl5pPtg-kjifDzijrPPHeKSa-hCovIZuY9iNokp6BUtdZaLN1pKIbAYEIkZLrOPPfbA08oF_JoIJypZSVZzP-4uuZVc2utsavMdZUkVMlhV4fWVyoyBY" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1868" data-original-width="1499" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgKxf5Hdt7iUrZ0PTvH16VzXpAEJGoMw4Mp7PaOJjMaxjd0ThfFCjD6XKGgt3gTy_XapR4rKl5pPtg-kjifDzijrPPHeKSa-hCovIZuY9iNokp6BUtdZaLN1pKIbAYEIkZLrOPPfbA08oF_JoIJypZSVZzP-4uuZVc2utsavMdZUkVMlhV4fWVyoyBY=w322-h400" width="322" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Even though the Zorya religion is only known through folklore, it has origins in Indo-European antiquity and the Zorya exhibits the majority of *H2éws' traits. Most goddesses of the dawn share the same traits with Zorya:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She makes an appearance with Saints George and Nicholas (interpreted as divine twins)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">hues red, gold, yellow, and rose</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She resides abroad on the Buyan Island.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">opens the Sun's entrance.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A golden boat and a silver oar belonged to her.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj1N-38uW-1c9cLsXP1Z0M4Bn1iDMl7qPkCes_4D8edJWI03HZaX_KCGB3f_frAW5qNMHQuV3AKALjqqyzqPVkb02iQvA1EnOMK-fbmoH4MJkXP7iNIKDHUkIyn6DdHCvnS5_1U0JGupxqHrhce6sKIECwfD4m4TiSfT_BHWxjvdc5MFCk34ezHbzAA" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1023" data-original-width="713" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj1N-38uW-1c9cLsXP1Z0M4Bn1iDMl7qPkCes_4D8edJWI03HZaX_KCGB3f_frAW5qNMHQuV3AKALjqqyzqPVkb02iQvA1EnOMK-fbmoH4MJkXP7iNIKDHUkIyn6DdHCvnS5_1U0JGupxqHrhce6sKIECwfD4m4TiSfT_BHWxjvdc5MFCk34ezHbzAA=w278-h400" width="278" /></span></a></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Zarubin compared <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=slavic">Slavic mythology</a> with the <a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/search?q=Indo-Aryan">Indo-Aryan</a> <a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/search?q=Rigveda+">Rigveda </a>and <a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/search?q=Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a>, which both include representations of the <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=Sun+">Sun </a>and its partners, the Dawns. </span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">These pictures have their roots in ancient ideas, ranging from the first fetishistic (the Sun as a ring or circle) to the later anthropomorphic. A miniature of two ladies may be found in the late 13th-century Chludov's Novgorod Psalter. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">One of them, a fiery red woman identified as "dawn zora," holds a red sun in her right hand in the shape of a ring while holding a torch in her left hand that ends in a box from which a bright green stripe extending into a dark green stripe emerges. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This stripe is marked "evening zora" in green on the right hand of another lady, who is holding up her left sleeve to reveal a bird. This may be understood as the Morning Zorya setting the Sun on its course for the day and the Evening Zorya waiting for the Sun to rise. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>In a cave temple from the second or third century AD in Nashik, India, a very similar design was discovered. </b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The bas-relief shows two ladies, one holding a torch to illuminate the Sun's circle and the other waiting for it to set. <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-ushas.html">Ushas</a> and Pratyusha, two morning deities, are seen in other bas-reliefs, and the Sun is often accompanied by dawns in hymns. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiefE_rwaZQ9Y_Nv-bR5iBR_hYD84UlMAXuhv05V3V6OeTJlbIjGBWGoQOMF-RmTvIpERmB8sQu-XrUUkREXgg1bvhIClaKX1b1E7CBmgXTLAtt8zWe4bysq_ZWA0Fv3Dw9xT8FuMqzVaSGV0ceiCzZwzQ7WHQgxYxt4vdAdujPQpRtNfKwslqnTNN6" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="1024" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiefE_rwaZQ9Y_Nv-bR5iBR_hYD84UlMAXuhv05V3V6OeTJlbIjGBWGoQOMF-RmTvIpERmB8sQu-XrUUkREXgg1bvhIClaKX1b1E7CBmgXTLAtt8zWe4bysq_ZWA0Fv3Dw9xT8FuMqzVaSGV0ceiCzZwzQ7WHQgxYxt4vdAdujPQpRtNfKwslqnTNN6=w267-h400" width="267" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In the <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/search?q=Norse+">Norse </a><a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/05/goddess-frigga.html">Edda </a>or the Indo-Aryan <a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/search?q=Rigveda">Rigveda</a>, as well as in folklore, the Sun is depicted as a wheel. During the Germanic and Slavic peoples' yearly festivities, they burned a wheel that, according to medieval writers, represented the sun.</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Images like the Psalter and Nashik's may be seen across Slavic regions, including: On a carved and painted gate of a Slovak peasant estate (village of Oová), the Morning Zora is depicted on one of the pillars with a golden head, a glow above her, and even higher is the Sun, which rolls along an arched road. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Evening Zora is depicted on the other pillar with a setting sun above it. On this relief, there are also darker suns that may represent dead suns from Slavic legend. The Russian proverb "The sun will not rise without the Morning Zoryushka" also supports these themes. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A similar design may also be seen on the back of a 19th-century sled, where two Zoryas are shown standing in the doorway and the Sun is depicted as a circle, and on a peasant rushnyk from the Tver area, where two Zoryas are depicted riding up to the Sun, one in red and the other in green.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg1zzxQqHuI7GDf9jMKNaGnxlUyJldAuQoQ6TihJLFenpAcfolGVgM54F7tmJqHRSUVT3Z8rGoaScAIn8enjVv1PxaUKYGFs5vp0JY-PKaWg7Kd6H0hsnD-u29dqTPL9CxsIjYLQYgAveu6hZAjfWPg4eXjNaSPSjG9KCltGDjKhIuWxvu3Mv4aTOmZ" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="250" data-original-width="275" height="364" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg1zzxQqHuI7GDf9jMKNaGnxlUyJldAuQoQ6TihJLFenpAcfolGVgM54F7tmJqHRSUVT3Z8rGoaScAIn8enjVv1PxaUKYGFs5vp0JY-PKaWg7Kd6H0hsnD-u29dqTPL9CxsIjYLQYgAveu6hZAjfWPg4eXjNaSPSjG9KCltGDjKhIuWxvu3Mv4aTOmZ=w400-h364" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Zorya In Norse mythology</span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The luminary goddesses Vakarine and <a href="https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2021/07/goddess-ausrine.html">Ausrine</a> are said to have a similar dual function in Lithuanian folklore: Vakarine, the Evening Star, made the bed for the sun goddess Saul, while Aurin, the Morning Star, kindled the fire for her as she prepared for another day's voyage. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to various legends, Ausrine and Vakarine are the daughters of the male Moon (Meness) and female Sun (Saule), who take care of their mother's castle and her horses.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhrry2TvBJnGlfWBlT-U-eD4dwOWIYcQFcuCpiXadBflWXGjJeatxYGd3pSkVk6V4mjNtdaImOMsSKSzc0A8tc8SIjmRhLw3Zk2wHjRoQWBssvC5vd0sj25-9bMGY-UMkgkceyQ9OeMDBwUzFrVtIY41CjbsXK_3hW3pea3kwltVq_3wAUKNaSNk2na" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><img alt="" data-original-height="224" data-original-width="225" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhrry2TvBJnGlfWBlT-U-eD4dwOWIYcQFcuCpiXadBflWXGjJeatxYGd3pSkVk6V4mjNtdaImOMsSKSzc0A8tc8SIjmRhLw3Zk2wHjRoQWBssvC5vd0sj25-9bMGY-UMkgkceyQ9OeMDBwUzFrVtIY41CjbsXK_3hW3pea3kwltVq_3wAUKNaSNk2na=w400-h398" width="400" /></span></a></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Zorya In Russian Mythology. </span></h2><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Russian mythology, they often take the form of two virgin sisters, Zorya Vechernyaya (Evening Aurora, from véer "evening") as the goddess of twilight, and Zorya Utrennyaya (Am Zorya, from tro "morning"). </span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Each was to occupy a separate side of the Sun's throne made of gold. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">When the Sun rose in the morning, the Morning Zorya opened the entrance of the celestial palace, and the Evening Zorya shut the gate when the Sun went to sleep. Buyan Island intended to serve as the home of Zorya's administration.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhl-6dbB75LzFsEsckd0j1FBZt9cJZ2VttEaCC0VxZ5kTo7_MW0nuuTsIcSK_KkYjPhkDYnJUeFBjYZ5He2ZE9XVztlToamkL-UetNwREEZQ_tKC3J6cf5BkPOMaSv03q8pzQppawTVlF-sezaPT8boiU4-NIePfGk92gr7i_TKiMVlF2LP8di1f5mz" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1011" data-original-width="800" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhl-6dbB75LzFsEsckd0j1FBZt9cJZ2VttEaCC0VxZ5kTo7_MW0nuuTsIcSK_KkYjPhkDYnJUeFBjYZ5He2ZE9XVztlToamkL-UetNwREEZQ_tKC3J6cf5BkPOMaSv03q8pzQppawTVlF-sezaPT8boiU4-NIePfGk92gr7i_TKiMVlF2LP8di1f5mz=w317-h400" width="317" /></span></a></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">A later tale describes three Zoryas and their unique mission:</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Three small sisters, or little Zorya, may be found in the sky: the morning, the evening, and the midnight. Their responsibility is to watch after a dog that is attached to the Little Bear constellation by an iron chain. The end of the world will occur when the chain snaps.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As shown by her frequent presence in wedding chants, Zorya also supported weddings and facilitated unions amongst the gods. She is specifically given credit for doing the following task in one of the Malo-Russian ballads when the Moon encounters Aurora while roving in the sky:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Ah, dawn, dawn! Where have you been, exactly?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Where have you been, exactly? Where do you plan to reside?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Where do I plan to call home? Why there at Pan Ivan's?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Located at Pan Ivan's Court</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Both at his court and residence</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">And he enjoys two things in his home:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Getting his kid married is his first delight;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">And the second pleasure was to marry his daughter.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>In several iterations of the same zagovory storylines, Maria (Mother of God) and Zara-Zaranitsa (also known as "Dawn the Red Maiden") both make appearances as the ultimate power that a practitioner invokes.</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In addition, she was prayed to as Zarya for fruitful crops and wellbeing:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Hey, you morning and evening Zaryas! fall onto my rye so that it might become as strong as an oak and as tall as a forest!</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Mother Zarya of dawn, evening, and midnight [presumably twilight here]! As you softly fade away and vanish, may my illnesses and sorrows—those of the morning, evening, and midnight—quietly go from me, the servant of God!</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to Professor Bronislava Kerbelyt, the Zoryas were also summoned in Russian tradition to aid in birthing (under the name "орки арноки") and to cure the infant (by calling upon "ар-дeвиа," or "утренн ар араскаве" and "веерн ар оломоне").</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjrlMka4gsYygNBm0jjBH9X3xq-VYL_tJOJplRme8A4ibP8kvDBsb07GCzGURgbabHlW8V_Akspk3CIQngMNLIgMD-TG3VA0Z281kUX7LZYPx78xiGF0WhE3p39oYg3WHMy1zkaBu-XiSB29AJy85ilDuoGXg9MYfSiVynHLMhFsqWna6b4M_cEBmLO" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjrlMka4gsYygNBm0jjBH9X3xq-VYL_tJOJplRme8A4ibP8kvDBsb07GCzGURgbabHlW8V_Akspk3CIQngMNLIgMD-TG3VA0Z281kUX7LZYPx78xiGF0WhE3p39oYg3WHMy1zkaBu-XiSB29AJy85ilDuoGXg9MYfSiVynHLMhFsqWna6b4M_cEBmLO=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Additionally, Zarya was summoned as a protectoress and to banish dreams and insomnia:</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Заря, зарница, васъ три сестрицы, утренняя, полуденная, вечерняя, полуночная, сыми съ раба Божія (имя) тоску, печаль, крикъ, безсонницу, подай ему сонъ со всѣхъ сторонъ, со всѣхъ святыхъ, со всѣхъ небесныхъ.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Another spell calls for Zarya-Zarnitsa, a "morning Irina," and a "midday Daria" to vanquish a child's sorrow and carry it "beyond the blue ocean."</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In his book The Ancient Faith of the Serbs and the Croats, Croatian historian Natko Nodilo stated that Zora was known as a "shining maiden" ("svijetla" I "vidna" djevojka) by ancient Slavs, and that Russian riddles depicted her as a woman who resided in the sky ("Zoru nebesnom djevojkom").</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhs7zaUhno7Oeyv3zfc7wq2LsDlbRtcD6tFntkD9Kg0gvnlzkYjUJAQ4kgbvbRQalJE6vly7yeLZnGzNwS3vAvI46Ry3JT8bKWTOjY1rF9wh0aRbvXNtPg9oit2YmjT6NgBRV4rFI8_0xDdt0r1RqhiSva1EaACCpHKckzaTFvR8eoDJ3-2828ZbkDh" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><img alt="" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="465" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhs7zaUhno7Oeyv3zfc7wq2LsDlbRtcD6tFntkD9Kg0gvnlzkYjUJAQ4kgbvbRQalJE6vly7yeLZnGzNwS3vAvI46Ry3JT8bKWTOjY1rF9wh0aRbvXNtPg9oit2YmjT6NgBRV4rFI8_0xDdt0r1RqhiSva1EaACCpHKckzaTFvR8eoDJ3-2828ZbkDh=w265-h400" width="265" /></span></a></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Regarding the Dawn's parents, she is referred to as the "Sister of the Sun" and "sweet little Dawn" in a Russian hymn.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She is referred to as Zaranitsa (арана) or Zara-zaranitsa (ара-арана) in Belarusian folklore. In one of the sections, St. George and St. Nicholas, who in Indo-European myths are often brothers of the dawn goddess and, according to comparative mythology, serve as divine twins, meet Zaranica: "Saint George was traveling with Saint Nicholas and encountered Aurora."</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEilunK2SIdbEp1YtMPremsNMYGUmHyw6NxX8QpD30PUkgEzlj2uEty2cjDn8leAt22dRrpAmfEjso307_P0DS1aCaUEMVVVn310jC_-Bij0QW9YNy2JlnJd7IX7FzE3Km-qeH6WoFhXo3vCZc3IU6BJEMnTN5e4f4KueEnBztu-Mn3b2LiKzSX-K6S8" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="512" data-original-width="365" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEilunK2SIdbEp1YtMPremsNMYGUmHyw6NxX8QpD30PUkgEzlj2uEty2cjDn8leAt22dRrpAmfEjso307_P0DS1aCaUEMVVVn310jC_-Bij0QW9YNy2JlnJd7IX7FzE3Km-qeH6WoFhXo3vCZc3IU6BJEMnTN5e4f4KueEnBztu-Mn3b2LiKzSX-K6S8=w285-h400" width="285" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She also takes the shape of a riddle in folklore:</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Zara-zaranitsa, a stunning virgin, lost her keys as she was walking through the air. The moon saw them but made no comment. When the sun saw them, it raised them.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">This has to do with the dew, which the moon ignores and which vanishes when the sun is present. Zaranica is a diminutive name that may be used to show reverence for Zara, who is most likely just the morning goddess and may be rendered as "Dawn."</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>The stars are sometimes referred to as zorki and zory in Belarusian culture. For example, Polaris is called Zorny Kol ('star pole') and polunochna zora ('star of midnight').</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The three sister Zoras (Trzy Zorze) of Polish folklore are the Morning Zorza (Polish: Zorza porankowa or Utrenica), Midday Zora (Zorza poudniowa or Poudnica), and Evening Zora (Zorza wieczorowa or Wieczornica). These three Zoras occur in Polish folk charms and, according to Andrzej Szyjew Additionally, they serve as Rozhanitsy.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Zarzyce, three sisters, and zarze.</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj6znG6RTJ2cNqZAIMVI91jqIrSSFhdsZ1qXJz4Ed5GlUnSszZYbWHtud6s9a4tAZMTSnutSEiyqumYjoyAdwZO4ejayHojgZ9RazMQu_xo-QPgdAg29nwjU6GbeGQ3GTg9EU-mOQpm3FLxnUNdIz2U0tROk3C36HC6ipVClHe4qqcfUzT3PEE6Vgls" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="231" data-original-width="162" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj6znG6RTJ2cNqZAIMVI91jqIrSSFhdsZ1qXJz4Ed5GlUnSszZYbWHtud6s9a4tAZMTSnutSEiyqumYjoyAdwZO4ejayHojgZ9RazMQu_xo-QPgdAg29nwjU6GbeGQ3GTg9EU-mOQpm3FLxnUNdIz2U0tROk3C36HC6ipVClHe4qqcfUzT3PEE6Vgls=w280-h400" width="280" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Mother of God gathered golden foam while sailing on the sea;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">When St. John saw her, he asked her, "Mother, where are you going?"</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">My little boy will be healed by me.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The zorzyczki, the zorzyczki</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">You three are here.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">her in the morning</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">she of noon,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">she of the night.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Take away my child's cries,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">give him his sleep back.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Zorzeczeki, zorzecze!</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">All of you are my sisters!</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Mount your crow horse.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">also ride for my friend (lover).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">He can't go without me, therefore</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">neither eats nor sleeps,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">neither chat nor sit down.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In order for me to stand, work, and willingly satisfy him.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">so that I may be grateful and amiable to both God and others,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">together with my partner.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville;"><span style="color: red; font-size: medium;">The Zorya In Polish Mythology. </span></span></h2><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Another popular Polish proverb goes like this: "Arze, zarzyczki, jest was trzy, zabierzcie od my daughter pakanie, przywrócie mu spanie."</span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In a Polish magical love charm, the girl begs the dawn (or morning-star) to visit her lover and compel him to adore her alone:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Let's go now</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Good morning, morning star.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi9u2o1GjpWD3O1UGSIdEw81VGBay05E9_sOvAzxXClIBTFdf1mqQYvKiFNPPJi6Ym8wjIsrCnLIZ8zXduloS7RHaZ3s1m5AshQAHxflbHFoAER7mZqeTDdpHy79CZ8raAvYqzQrH76i1s27xdb6Vshb-jjmnNu9yZ8LZzgbd6uiK2zzwRBOdHIuuAr" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><img alt="" data-original-height="130" data-original-width="311" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi9u2o1GjpWD3O1UGSIdEw81VGBay05E9_sOvAzxXClIBTFdf1mqQYvKiFNPPJi6Ym8wjIsrCnLIZ8zXduloS7RHaZ3s1m5AshQAHxflbHFoAER7mZqeTDdpHy79CZ8raAvYqzQrH76i1s27xdb6Vshb-jjmnNu9yZ8LZzgbd6uiK2zzwRBOdHIuuAr=w400-h168" width="400" /></span></a></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville;"><span style="color: red; font-size: medium;">The Zorya In Ukrainian Mythology. </span></span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Additionally, there are terms in the Ukrainian language that are derived from "Zorya," such "zrka" (dialectal "zira" and "ziry") and "zirnitsa" (or "zirnytsi," a lyrical phrase that means "tiny star," "aurora," and "dawn."</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">There are many stars (рок) in the sky, but only two Zori: the morning one (свтова) and the evening one (верн), according to a proverb gathered in "арквин" (Kharkiv Oblast).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The mourner declares in an orphan's lament that he will steal the "keys of the dawn" ("о в ор кл вла").</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The girl calls upon the "three star-sisters" (also known as the "dawn-sisters") in a magical love charm:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">You have three options: one nudna, one pryvitna, and one pechal'na.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">You three sisters in the sky, the boring one, the inviting one, and the somber one, you dawn-stars.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville;"><span style="color: red; font-size: medium;">The Zorya In Slovenian Mythology. </span></span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In the Slovene folk ballad "Zorja prstan pogubila," the singer requests that her mother ("majko"), brother ("bratca"), sister ("sestro"), and beloved ("dragog") search for her missing ring.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">According to professor Monika Kropej, the sun rises in the morning accompanied by the morning dawn known as Sonica (from the Slovene word for sun) and sets in the evening followed by the evening dawn known as Zarika (from the Slovene word for dawn, zarja). </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Additionally, a Slovenian narrative folk song about their rivalry features these female characters. In addition, F. S. Copeland described another lyric with the name Ballad of Beautiful Zora and understood both characters as the legendary Sun and Dawn. </b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In his book on Slovene myths and folktales, Slovene folklorist Jakob Kelemina (sl) claimed that a Zora emerges as the Snake Queen's daughter (perhaps a manifestation of the night) in the so-called Kresnik Cycle.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Professor Daiva Vaitkevien claims that the Virgin Mary undoubtedly took the role of the goddess Zaria in East Slavic charms. In Russian charms, the Virgin Mary is often referred to as "Zaria."</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The announcer mentions "Maria-the-Dawn" and "Maremiyaniya-the-Dawn" in a charm that was compiled in Arkhangelsky and published in 1878 by historian Alexandra Efimenko (ru).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Another charm uses the "Evening Star Mariya" and "Morning Star Maremiyana" to banish insomnia.</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Additionally, charms for health are said to summon Goddess Zaria (or, alternatively, a group of three goddesses called Zori). This "is a very common theme of the Slavic charms," claims professor Daiva Vaitkevien.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">As the name of a song performed by Colinda tori and the Romanian word for dawn, "zori," the term "Zorya" has become a loanword (zorile).</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Other names for The Morning Star include Dennica, Zornica, and Zarnica.</span></h3><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjGInz4xqwwnRrvvsF6j53rwp6hGxqTu1t2V3cFw1eB7TkzPSlVFSLPedha2c4SM9ROtBoSz3jUAFtQmH40k3cPPOSOsZBrjNGrmDpkzyMBQ0NdpdxcnPZxDMlymGQMBA7d-dcCmugE-CL28qpaPC20GhvVcUOrhtbtpx8XQz5zkYRLMxHgl-EawT6M" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="369" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjGInz4xqwwnRrvvsF6j53rwp6hGxqTu1t2V3cFw1eB7TkzPSlVFSLPedha2c4SM9ROtBoSz3jUAFtQmH40k3cPPOSOsZBrjNGrmDpkzyMBQ0NdpdxcnPZxDMlymGQMBA7d-dcCmugE-CL28qpaPC20GhvVcUOrhtbtpx8XQz5zkYRLMxHgl-EawT6M=w295-h400" width="295" /></a></div><br /><br /></span></div><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville;"><span style="color: red; font-size: medium;">The Zorya In Croatian Mythology. </span></span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Venus is referred to as Zornjaa in Serbo-Croatian languages when it rises in the morning and Veernjaa when it sets.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">The Dawn/Morning Star is portrayed as the bride of a masculine Moon in a folk song.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In several Croatian folk songs, which Rikardo Ferdinand Plohl-Herdvigov gathered and published in 1876, a "zorja" is used with the word "Marja" in the phrase "Zorja Marja prsten toi," and it is referred to as "Zorja, zorija" in the phrase "Marija sinku nainila koulju."</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEikx_1D8fp8-d9vhfkMcnjod3Zezyn-jf2wTsSGZfH3yaC_VyT3agWsdykoXduHhRm926BLMmKm2IePhufd89ZuUFoIm_ZtfKDQdyfEfv51m6TCS2kX3IFUOOssKLYdiQGyCvFJv9qcNYdSn6PeshZlGfobq8MLHwdZstDIqZdUX-HvhX0xeWED6NOH" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEikx_1D8fp8-d9vhfkMcnjod3Zezyn-jf2wTsSGZfH3yaC_VyT3agWsdykoXduHhRm926BLMmKm2IePhufd89ZuUFoIm_ZtfKDQdyfEfv51m6TCS2kX3IFUOOssKLYdiQGyCvFJv9qcNYdSn6PeshZlGfobq8MLHwdZstDIqZdUX-HvhX0xeWED6NOH=w400-h225" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b>Frequently Asked Questions:</b></span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Who is Zorya, the goddess?</span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In Slavic tradition, Zorya (which means "Dawn" and has various variations including Zarya, Zara, Zaranitsa, Zoryushka, etc.) represents dawn in a feminine form. Depending on the myth, she could manifest as a single being known as "The Red Maiden" or as two or three sisters simultaneously.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In American Gods, who is Zorya's god?</span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">One of the Old Gods, Zorya Polunochnaya, is a figure from Slavic mythology. Zorya Vechernyaya, who symbolizes the Morning Star, and Zorya Utrennyaya, who represents the Midnight Star, are her sisters (Evening Star). They form the Zorya collectively.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Who are the American Gods' Zorya sisters?</span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">In American Gods, three sisters are introduced. Zorya Vechernyaya (Evening/Twilight) Dawn/Morning Zorya Utrennyaya Zorya Polunochnaya (Midnight).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">What is the origin of the name Zorya?</span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Origin and Meaning of Zorya: Zorya is a girl's name that means "star." The morning and evening stars, respectively, are referred to by the names Zorya Utrennyaya and Zorya Vechernyaya of the two star goddesses in Slavic mythology. In Russia and other nations with Slavic-based languages, it is used as a name.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html"><b>~Kiran Atma</b></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div><span style="color: #ffa400; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Kiran-Atma/e/B08WLY9VRY/">Amazon</a> | <a href="https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/21197594.Kiran_Atma">Goodreads</a> | <a href="https://twitter.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Twitter</a> | <a href="https://www.facebook.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Facebook</a> | <a href="https://www.instagram.com/kiran.atma/">Instagram</a> | <a href="https://www.pinterest.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Pinterest</a></b></span></div><div><span style="color: #ffa400; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #ffa400; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><script>mbtTOC();</script>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5979151747663163869.post-55967196278881214752022-06-23T03:00:00.014-07:002022-07-10T21:21:53.262-07:00Goddess Zaramama Or Mamazara<script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Article","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://goddess.kiranatma.com/2022/06/goddess-zaramama-or-mamazara.html"},"headline":"Goddess Zaramama Or Mamazara","description":"Zaramama, also Mamazara: Incan agricultural goddess. Zaramama is the mother of maize and a deity of grain.","image":"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLiLpD4O3jNzwdFsKqd71OcT47mgrE-fGFfI0VLRB-3alO7bIPqxzby8k-LyUN3qex1NN4sOhMoKlJDuoWWDI60hCJ3N8LLIvwg_MF2KZBT3qser6JJ9v3dw7k1-Nq2742h8bqQqWXpbZ9L-Jgxc7wz5Amob2yX6LQhUWI97eVQbGMmEfJ3az7b7vM/w293-h400/Goddess%20-Zaramama-KiranAtma-1.jpg","author":{"@type":"","name":"Kiran Atma","url":"https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":""}},"datePublished":""}</script><p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLiLpD4O3jNzwdFsKqd71OcT47mgrE-fGFfI0VLRB-3alO7bIPqxzby8k-LyUN3qex1NN4sOhMoKlJDuoWWDI60hCJ3N8LLIvwg_MF2KZBT3qser6JJ9v3dw7k1-Nq2742h8bqQqWXpbZ9L-Jgxc7wz5Amob2yX6LQhUWI97eVQbGMmEfJ3az7b7vM/s550/Goddess%20-Zaramama-KiranAtma-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="550" data-original-width="402" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLiLpD4O3jNzwdFsKqd71OcT47mgrE-fGFfI0VLRB-3alO7bIPqxzby8k-LyUN3qex1NN4sOhMoKlJDuoWWDI60hCJ3N8LLIvwg_MF2KZBT3qser6JJ9v3dw7k1-Nq2742h8bqQqWXpbZ9L-Jgxc7wz5Amob2yX6LQhUWI97eVQbGMmEfJ3az7b7vM/w293-h400/Goddess%20-Zaramama-KiranAtma-1.jpg" width="293" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><br />
</span><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Zaramama, also Mamazara:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Incan agricultural
goddess.</span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">Zaramama is the mother of maize and a deity of grain. </span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She provides nutrition and food to the land and its
inhabitants. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;">She is depicted as a woman wearing a silver-clasped shawl
and wearing ears of corn as part of her features. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.kiranatma.com/p/about.html"><b>~Kiran Atma</b></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div><span style="color: #ffa400; font-family: Baskervville; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Kiran-Atma/e/B08WLY9VRY/">Amazon</a> | <a href="https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/21197594.Kiran_Atma">Goodreads</a> | <a href="https://twitter.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Twitter</a> | <a href="https://www.facebook.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Facebook</a> | <a href="https://www.instagram.com/kiran.atma/">Instagram</a> | <a href="https://www.pinterest.com/KiranAtmaAuthor">Pinterest</a></b></span></div>Jai Krishna Ponnappanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02699917895019277960noreply@blogger.com